Dr. Birdley Teaches Science!
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1 Dr. Birdley Teaches Science! Forces and Motion Featuring the Comic Strip Middle and High School Innovative Resources for the Science Classroom Written and Illustrated by Nevin Katz Incentive Publications, Inc. Nashville, Tennessee
2 Table of Contents Contents Objectives and Frameworks...2 Teacher s Guide...5 Unit 1: Speed, Distance, and Time...11 Unit 2: Velocity...19 Unit 3: Acceleration...29 Unit 4: Newton s Law of Gravitation...39 Unit 5: Newton s Laws of Motion...49 Unit 6: Force, Mass, and Acceleration...59 Unit 7: Motion in Two Dimensions...69 Unit 8: Disrupted Inertia...79 Answer Key
3 Unit 1: Speed, Distance, and Time Contents Source Cartoon: Speed on a Graph 12 Cartoon Profile 13 Background 14 Study Questions 15 Visual Exercise 16 Vocabulary Build-up 17 Quiz 18 11
4 distance (km) Copyright 2008 by Incentive Publications, Inc., Nashville, TN Copyright 2007 by Nevin Katz time (minutes) 12
5 SPEED ON A GRAPH Distance, Time, Speed Objectives 1. To define speed as the amount of distance an object travels over time 2. To show how speed is represented as the slope of a line on a distance-time graph 3. To illustrate how distance-time graphs indicate speed, as well as changes in speed Synopsis Owelle and Phyll begin by explaining the definition of speed. They compare the speeds of two model cars using a distance-time graph. In the next scene, Dr. Birdley is jogging, while Clarissa is rollerblading. Owelle then presents a distance-time graph that illustrates changes in their speed during the workout. Main Ideas 1. Speed is the amount of distance an object travels over time 2. On a distance-time graph, the speed of an object is represented by the steepness of the slope. 3. Gradual slopes indicate low speed. 4. Steep slopes indicate high speed. 5. A flat line on a distance-time graph indicates a speed of zero. Vocabulary distance time speed y-axis x-axis slope Characters Dean Owelle, Phyll, Dr. Birdley, Clarissa Teacher s Notes Help students make the connection between the panels on Clarissa s movement and the graph. The lines on the graph are in sync with the panels. A problem-solving strategy for calculating slope is featured in the background section. 13 Questions for Discussion Before Reading: 1. How do you define speed? 2. What units are used to measure distance? Time? 3. What different types of graphs might be used to show data? After Reading: 1. How does Dean Owelle define speed? 2. What is a slope? 3. Look at the panel where Clarissa speeds up. What do you notice about the slope of her line in the graph at that point?
6 SPEED, DISTANCE, AND TIME NAME: CLASS: DATE: BACKGROUND: SOLVING FOR SPEED The following procedure can be used to find the speed of a moving object. A train travels a distance (d) of 500 meters in a time (t) of 50 seconds. What is the speed (s)? 1. Write out the formula you are using. s = d / t. 2. Write down all your known quantities. d = 500 m t = 50 s. 3. Substitute these quantities into the equation. 4. Solve. s = 500 m / 50s s = 10 m/s Directions: Solve the following problem to the best of your ability. A dinosaur walks 600 meters in 30 seconds. What is its speed? FINDING THE SLOPE OF A LINE You can also find speed by finding the slope of a line on a graph. Here is how you do it: Pick two points with coordinates (x 1, y 1 ) and (x 2, y 2 ) For example, points (2, 4) and (4, 8) on the graph to the right. Then, plug the coordinates into the equation below; slope (m) = rise = (y 2-y 1 ) = (8-4) 4 = run (x 2 -x 1 ) (4-2) 2 = 2 meters/second This method works for any other two points on this graph. Distance (meters) Distance-Time Graph (4, 8) (2, 4) Time (seconds) Copyright 2008 by Incentive Publications, Inc., Nashville, TN 14
7 SPEED ON A GRAPH NAME: CLASS: DATE: STUDY QUESTIONS Directions: Answer the following questions to the best of your ability. 1. Look at the second panel in Speed on a Graph. How does the graph tell you that car B is moving faster than car A? 2. According to the graph in the last panel, what is Owen s speed (in meters per minute) over the first 15 minutes? How far does he travel? 3. According to the graph, what is Clarissa s speed (in meters per minute) between 15 and 25 minutes? 4. Do Owen and Clarissa reach their starting point at 50 minutes? How do you know? 5. Owelle and Birdley run a road race, and their performance is recorded on a distance-time graph. The slope of Birdley s line is steeper than Owelle s. What does this mean? Copyright 2008 by Incentive Publications, Inc., Nashville, TN 15
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