Timing properties of MCP-PMT
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1 Photon Detector Workshop at Kobe, June 27 Timing properties of MCP-PMT - Time resolution - Lifetime - Rate dependence K.Inami (Nagoya university, Japan)
2 Introduction Photon device for TOP counter Cherenkov ring imaging counter with precise timing measurement (NIM A 44 (2) 124) Barrel PID upgrade for Super B factory Linear-array type photon detector z y x Quartz radiator ~4mm 2mm Single photon sensitivity Good transit time spread (TTS<5ps) Operational under 1.5T B-field Position sensitive (~5mm) High detection efficiency X L MCP-PMT is a best solution! 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 2
3 MCP-PMT Micro-Channel-Plate Tiny electron multipliers Diameter ~1µm, length ~4µm High gain ~1 6 for two-stage type Fast time response Pulse raise time ~5ps, TTS < 5ps can operate under high magnetic field (~1T) Channel φ~1µm Input electron Photo-cathode MCP plates Photon Anode Single photon ~4µm MCP channel HV 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 3
4 MCP-PMT for single photon Timing properties under B=~1.5T parallel to PMT HPK6 BINP8 HPK1 Burle25 MCP-PMT PMT size(mm) Effective size(mm) MCP hole diameter(µm) Length-diameter ratio Bias angle (deg.) Max. H.V. (V) photo-cathode Q.E.(%) (λ=48nm) HPK6 R389U-5-11X multi-alkali 26 BINP8 N /6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe multi-alkali 18 HPK1 R389U-5-25X multi-alkali 26 Burle x71 5x bi-alkali 24
5 MCP-PMT for single photon (2) Setup Single photon is generated by laser (48nm). B-field is parallel to tube axis. HPK PLP-2 Width 36ps 18GHz ~1dB 1.5GHz 36dB Philips 78 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 5
6 MCP-PMT (output) Hamamatsu R389U-5 (multi-alkali photo-cathode) HPK1 Number of Events single photon peak Number of Events σ=46ps for single photon Window size : 25mm φ MCP hole 1µm φ ADC (count/.25pc) -2 2 TDC (count/25psec) HPK6 Window : 11mm φ event MCP hole 6µm φ Gain ~ ADC (1bin/.25pC) event psec TDC(25ps/count) 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 6
7 Pulse response Pulse shape (B=T) Fast raise time (~5ps) Broad shape for BINP8 Due to mismatch with H.V. supply and readout cable No influence for time resolution Gain v.s. B-field Small hole diameter shows high stability against B-field. Explained by relation btw hole size and Larmor radius of electron motion under B-field. Gain 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe mV HPK6: 3.6kV BINP8: 3.2kV HPK1: 3.4kV Burle25: 2.5kV 5ps HPK6 2mV 1ns HPK B (T) 1mV 1ns BINP8 1ns 2mV Burle25
8 MCP-PMT in B-field ADC spectra with different angles under B=1.5T # of event (arbitrary) Gain depends on the angle. Behaviors are slightly different Because of the different bias angle of MCP hole HPK6: 13deg, 6µm, BINP8: 5deg, 8µm φ= o φ=6 o HPK6 φ=3 o φ=45 o φ=45 o B φ φ=3 o Photo-cathode MCP plates Photon BINP8 φ=15 o φ= o Anode ADC channel (/.25pC) /6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 8 ADC channel (/.25pC)
9 Time response TTS v.s. B-field Small hole diameter shows high stability and good resolution. TTS (ps) Single photon HPK6: HV 3.6kV BINP8: HV 3.2kV HPK1: HV 3.6kV Burle25:HV 2.5kV TTS v.s. Gain For several HV and B-field conditions 3~4ps resolution was obtained for gain>1 6 Hole size need <~1µm to get time resolution of ~3ps under 1.5T B-field. TTS(ps) /6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe B (T) Single photon Gain HPK6 BINP8 HPK1 Burle25
10 Lifetime How long can we use MCP-PMT under high hit rate? (Nucl. Instr. Meth. A564 (26) 24.) HPK (x2) Russian (x5) Al protection O X O X Correction eff. 37% 65% % Effective area 11mm φ 18mm φ Gain 1.9x x1 6 3~4x1 6 TTS 34ps 29ps 3~4ps Photo-cathode Multi-alkali (NaKSbCs) Quantum eff. at 4nm 21% 19% 16-2% Bias angle 13deg 5deg Light load by LED pulse (1~5kHz) 2~1 p.e. /pulse (monitored by normal PMT) 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 1
11 Lifetime - Q.E. - Relative Q.E. by single photon laser Without Al protection Relative Q.E. Drop <5% within 1yr. With Al protection Long life Not enough for Russian PMTs Enough lifetime for HPK s MCP-PMT with Al protection layer 1.5 λ=4nm HPK w/ Al HPK w/o Al Russian w/ Al Russian w/o Al Integrated irradiation(x1 13 photons/cm 2 ) Time in Super-B factory (year) 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 11
12 Lifetime - Q.E. vs wavelangth - Q.E. after lifetime test (Ratio of Q.E. btw. before,after) Q.E.(%) 1 1 Relative Q.E HPK w/ Al HPK w/o Al HPK before BINP before BINP w/ Al (#32) BINP w/ Al (#35) BINP w/ Al (#38) BINP w/o Al (#6) BINP w/o Al (#11) λ(nm) Large Q.E. drop at longer wavelength Number of Cherenkov photons only 13% drop (HPK w/al) Number of generated Cherenkov photon:~1/λ 2 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe HPK w/ Al HPK w/o Al BINP w/ Al (#32) BINP w/ Al (#35) BINP w/ Al (#38) BINP w/o Al (#6) BINP w/o Al (#11) λ(nm)
13 Lifetime - Gain - Estimate from output charge for single photon irradiation <1 13 photons/cm 2 Drop fast >1 13 photons/cm 2 Drop slowly Relative Gain HPK w/ Al HPK w/o Al Russian w/ Al Russian w/o Al Single photon detection: OK Can recover gain by increasing HV Integrated irradiation(x1 13 photons/cm 2 ) Time in Super-B factory (year) 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 13
14 Lifetime - T.T.S. - Time resolution for single photon No degradation! Keep ~35ps Russian w/ Al(#32) Russian w/o Al (#6) TTS(ps) HPK w/ Al HPK w/o Al Russian w/ Al Russian w/o Al before after HPK w/ Al σ=31ps σ=36ps HPK w/o Al σ=43ps σ=32ps 4 2 σ=29ps σ=33ps σ=34ps σ=34ps Integrated irradiation(x1 13 photons/cm 2 ) 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 14
15 Multi-anode MCP-PMT (1) SL1 1ch R&D with Hamamatsu for TOP counter 2ch 3ch 22(effective area) 27.5mm 4ch Size Effective area Photo cathode Q.E. MCP Channel diameter Number of MCP stage Al protection layer Aperture Anode Anode size (1ch) Anode gaps 27.5 x 27.5 x 14.8 mm 22 x 22 mm(64%) Multi-alkali ~2%(λ=35nm) 1 µm 2 No ~6% 4 channel linear array 5.3 x 22 mm.3 mm Large effective area 64% by square shape Position information 4ch linear anode (5mm pitch) 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 15
16 Multi-anode (2) Single photon detection Fast raise time: ~4ps Gain=1.5x1 T.T.S.(single photon): Position resoltion: <5mm Correction eff.: ~5% Nucl. Instr. Meth. A528 (24) count 5 Raise time 4ps ID Entries Mean RMS T.T.S.: σ~3ps / 9 Constant Mean E-1 Sigma E-2 Basic performance is OK! Same as single anode MCP-PMT bin/25ps tdc(time walk collection) 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 16
17 Rate dependence Gain vs. photon rate For high intensity beam Gain drop for high rate >1 5 count/cm 2 /s Due to lack of elections inside MCP holes Depending on RC variables MCP resistance (MΩ cm 2 ) MCP capacitance (pf/cm 2 ) SL MCP channel Electrode HPK MCP BINP 38~1 24~39 Super B-factory 35 2 /cm /sec /6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 17 Relative Gain SL1 HPK6 BINP Enough for TOP counter N det (count/cm 2 /sec)
18 High resolution TOF Structure Small-size quartz (cm~mm length) Cherenkov light (Decay time ~ ) extremely reduce time dispersion compared to scintillation (τ ~ ns) MCP-PMT (multi-alkali photo-cathode) TTS ~ 3ps even for single photon gives enough time resolution for smaller number of detectable photons Readout electronics σ elec. : 4ps Time-correlated Single Photon Counting Modules (SPC-134, Becker & Hickl GMbH s) CFD, TAC and ADC Channel width = 813fs Electrical time resolution = 4ps RMS Test counter 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 18
19 Beam test setup 3GeV/c π beam at KEK-PS π2 line PMT: R389U-5-11X Quartz radiator 1 φ x4 z mm with Al evaporation Trig.1 TOF1 3cm TOF2 Trig.2 Beam Trig.1 Divider Discri. Coinc. Discri. TOF1 TOF2 Trig.2 Divider Start SPC-134 Discri. Stop Power Spliter π, - 3GeV/c Events Elec. resolution 4.1ps TDC (ch/.814ps) 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 19
20 Beam test result With 1mm quartz radiator +3mm quartz window Number of photons ~ 18 Time resolution = 6.2ps Intrinsic resolution ~ 4.7ps Without quartz radiator 3mm quartz window Number of photons ~ 8 Expectation ~ 2 photo-electrons Time resolution = 7.7ps Events Events ps TDC (ch/.814ps) 7.7ps TDC (ch/.814ps) 27/6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 2
21 Summary MCP-PMT studies Good time resolution of ~35ps for single photon Even under B=1.5T Gain~1 6 with <1µm MCP hole Long lifetime (<1% QE drop) until 3x1 14 photons/cm 2 Need Al protection layer Gain degradation if N det >1 5 counts/cm 2 /s Enough performance for TOP counter in super B factory High resolution TOF; ~5ps time resolution An apprication of fast MCP-PMT References M. Akatsu et.al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A528 (24) 768. K. Inami et.al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A56 (26) 33. N. Kishimoto et.al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A564 (26) /6/27-29 Photon Detector WS at Kobe 21
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