What is programming? What are computer languages and how have they evolved? What is the basic process of programming, including the tools involved?

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Willa Reed
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2 What is programming? What are computer languages and how have they evolved? What is the basic process of programming, including the tools involved?

3 A step-by-step set of instructions to accomplish a task. Example: Make KoolAid - Fill jug with water - Add KoolAid mix - Stir - Pour from jug into cups

4 A step-by-step set of instructions to accomplish a task expressed in a Computer Language

5 Machine Language - Consists of binary codes for very simplistic commands Ex: 1001 (move), 1100 (add) - Codes differ by CPU model - Is the only language a CPU can follow - Using ML Requires detailed knowledge of the CPU/hardware.

6 Machine Language ENIAC being programmed Univ of Penn, 1940 s (photo: U.S. Army)

7 Assembly Language - Consists of text codes for very simplistic commands Ex: ADD, SUB, MOVE - Codes differ by CPU model - 1-to-1 translation to Machine Language - Using Assembly requires detailed knowledge of the CPU/hardware

8 High Level Language - Consists of text codes for more complex expressions - Codes standardized across CPU models - 1-to-Many translation to Machine Language - Does not require detailed knowledge of the CPU/hardware.

9 ML vs ASSM vs HLL Assembler: Machine Lang: to CPU:R to CPU:R ADD MOV CPU:REG High Level Language: x = a + b

10 Some Historical High Level Languages - first HLL; number cruncher for scientists/engineers - first HLL for business/management apps

11 Modern High Level Languages - low and high level capabilities to write efficient software (ie. operating systems). - idea: one HLL for all CPUs/systems

12 Modern High Level Languages - Matrix Laboratory Easily handles matrices and mathematical problem solving. Has been expanded assist in many types of scientific/engineering settings.

13 Translation Tools - translates an entire program into Machine Language to be executed later. - translates then immediately executes one statement from a program at a time. [MATLAB]

14 - Programming is writing instructions for a computer to follow. - Various languages have been invented over the years to assist programmers. - While variations exist, there is a basic process for writing code in a HLL and translating it into ML, including use of a basic set of tools.

15 Term Algorithm Computer Program Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language FORTRAN COBOL C & C++ Definition a step-by-step set of instructions to accomplish a task. a step-by-step set of instructions to accomplish a task, expressed in a Computer Language. consists of binary codes for instructions; differs by CPU model; the ONLY language a CPU can truly follow. consists of text codes for writing instructions; differs by CPU model; usually a 1-to-1 translation to binary codes. consists of text codes for writing instructions in a more "human-language-like" manner; often the same across CPU models; a 1-to-many translation to binary codes. early language used to solve mathematical/engineering problems early language used for business/data management software language with high and low level capabilities originally invented to write efficient systems software.

16 Term Java Matlab Compiler Interpreter Definition language originally created to be the same across all CPUs/platforms. language created to easily handle matrix operations and other high-level mathematical operations. software that translates an entire program into binary to be executed later. software the translates one statement of a program and executes it at a time.

What is programming? What are computer languages and how have they evolved? What is the basic process of programming, including the tools involved?

What is programming? What are computer languages and how have they evolved? What is the basic process of programming, including the tools involved? A step-by-step set of instructions to accomplish a task.