Chapter 8 - Notes User-Defined Simple Data Types, Namespaces, and the string Type
|
|
- Stephen Gibbs
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 8 - Notes User-Defined Simple Data Types, Namespaces, and the string Type I. Enumeration Type A. Data Type: A set of values together with a set of operations on those values. 1. C++ provides the Enumeration Type as a mechanism for users to create their own data type. 2. To define an enumeration type, you need the following items: a. A name for the data type b. A set of values for the data type c. A set of operations on the values ( C++ lets you define a and b, but not c. ) 3. The name you select for the data type and the values for the data type must be legal identifiers. 4. Syntax: enum typename value1, value2,... ; a. enum is a reserved word b. The list inside the curly braces also determines the order of the values, therefore the first value is equivalent to the value 0, the second value is equivalent to 1, etc. c. The identifiers inside the curly braces are called enumerators, they are not variables. 5. Examples: enum colors brown, blue, red, green, yellow ; a. The above line of code defines a new data type called colors consisting of the values: brown, blue, red, green, yellow enum class_standing freshman, sophomore, junior, senior ; 1
2 b. The above line of code defines a new data type called class_standing consisting of the values : freshman, sophomore, junior, senior. 6. Examples of Illegal Enumeration Types enum grades A, B, C, D, F ; st nd rd th enum places 1, 2, 3, 4 ; Characters not identifiers Illegal to start with number 7. If a value has already been used in one enumeration type, it cannot be used by any other in that same block. B. Declaring Variables 1. Once a data type is defined, you can now declare variables of that type. 2. Syntax: datatype identifier, identifier,... ; Example: enum trees oak, elm, maple, pine, cedar, teak ; defining data type trees woodtype, easterntrees ; declaring variables C. Assignment a. Variables of type tree have been declared as woodtype and easterntrees 1. Once a variable of the enumerated type has been declared, you can then store (assign) values to it. Example (using the above type - trees): woodtype = elm ; //stores the value elm in the variable woodtype easterntrees = woodtype ; // stores the value in woodtype into easterntrees woodtype = cherry ; //Illegal - cherry not listed as a value! 2. Notice that the only values you can legally assign to the variable(s) are those defined in the enumerated list. 2
3 D. Operations on Enumeration Types 1. NO Arithmetic Operations are allowed on Enumerated data types. a. The following are illegal: woodtype = elm + 2; easterntrees = oak * cedar ; woodtype++ ; easterntrees - - ; b. If you absolutely need to increment the value of an enumerated type variable, you can do so as follows: woodtype = static_cast<trees>( maple + 1 ) ; i. The above code stores the value pine into the variable woodtype because it is next in line. ii. Conversely, the code... woodtype = static_cast<trees>( maple - 1 ) ; would store the value elm int o the variable woodtype. 2. Relational Operators a. Because an enumeration is an ordered set of values, relational operators CAN be used with the enumeration type. Example ( again using the data type trees ): woodtype = cedar ; easterntrees = oak ; (woodtype > oak) given these assignments would evaluate to true (easterntrees >= woodtype ) would evaluate to false E. Enumeration Types and Loops 1. The enumeration type is an integral type, in other words the values can be counted. For this reason they can be used as control variables in loop structures. 3
4 2. Remember, to increment enumerated types, you must use the static_cast. Example for Loop: for ( woodtype = oak ; woodtype <= teak ; woodtype = static_cast<trees>( woodtype + 1) ) The above for Loop will go through 6 iterations because there are 6 values in the data type trees. F. Input/Output of Enumeration Types 1. Input and Output are defined only for built-in data types, therefore, enumerated type variables cannot be directly input or output to the screen or files. 2. If you try to directly output an enumerated type variable to the screen or file, YOU WILL NOT GET AN ERROR but the program will print the place number of the value in the definition list. 3. You can work around the Input/Output problem by using switch statements. Example: ( for input ) char ch ; cin >> ch ; switch ( ch ) case o : woodtype = oak ; break ; case e : woodtype = elm ; break ; case m : woodtype = maple ; break ; case p : woodtype = pine ; break ; case c : woodtype = cedar ; break ; case t : woodtype = teak ; break ; default : cout << Illegal Input. << endl ; 4
5 Example: ( for output ) switch ( woodtype ) case oak: cout << oak ; break ; case elm: cout << elm ; break ; case maple: cout << maple ; break ; case cedar: cout << cedar ; break ; case teak : cout << teak ; break ; G. Functions and Enumeration Types 1. You can pass the enumeration data type as a parameter in a function just like any other data type. a. Yes - you can pass the data type as either value or reference. 2. You can also pass the enumerated data type as a return type in a value returning function. Example: trees inctrees ( trees wood ) return wood ; ; 3. Since you can pass enumerated data types as parameters and return them from functions, it would be beneficial to create functions that Input and Output your enumerated data type. H. Declaring Variables When Defining the Enumeration Type 1. C++ allows the programmer to combine the steps of defining an enumerated data type and declaring variables for the data type. Example: enum trees oak, elm, maple, pine, cedar, teak woodtypes ; or enum coins penny, nickel, dime, quarter change, uscoins ; 5
6 I. Anonymous Data Types 1. It is possible to declare an enumerated data type without naming it. Example: enum oak, elm, maple, pine, cedar, teak woodtypes ; 2. In the above example, woodtypes is a variable that will hold only the values specified, but it has no name for a data type. 3. Creating Anonymous Data Types Has Drawbacks i. You cannot pass an anonymous data type as a parameter to a function nor return it from a value returning function. ii. Values in one anonymous type CAN be used in another anonymous type. However, when comparing two anonymous data types with the same values, C++ will not recognize that they are equal. 4. Bottom Line : Be careful when using anonymous data types!! II. typedef Statement A. A method in C++ of creating synonyms or aliases to a previously defined data type. B. Syntax: typedef existingtypename newtypename C. NOTE: The typedef statement does NOT create a new datatype, it only creates a second name to an existing data type. D. Examples: typedef int integer ; typedef double real ; // Creates alias integer for the int data type // Creates alias real for the double data type typedef double decimal ; // Creates alias decimal for the double data type 6
7 III. Namespaces A. Included in the 1998, ANSI/ISO Standard C++ 1. When a header file, such as iostream, is included in a program, the global identifiers in the header file also become the global identifiers in the program. 2. Therefore, if a global identifier in a program has the same name as one of the global identifiers in the header file, the compiler generates a syntax error (such as "identifier redefined"). 3. The same problem can occur if a program uses third party libraries. a. To overcome this problem, third-party vendors begin their global identifiers with a special symbol...the underscore ( _ ). b. To avoid linking errors with included libraries, you should not use an underscore at the beginning of identifiers in your program. 4. The namespace mechanism was designed to try and solve the problem of overlapping global identifiers. B. General Syntax 1. namespace namespace_identifier members a. namespace is a reserved word. b. namespace_identifier is a unique and legal C++ identifier you give to your namespace. c. A member of a namespace can be a named constant, variable declaration, function, or even another namespace. 7
8 C. Example namespace globaltype const int N = 10 ; const double RATE = 7.50 ; int count = 0 ; void printresult ( ) ; *NOTE: In the above example, the four members are: named constants N and RATE, the variable count, and the function prototype printresult. D. Accessing the Namespace 1. The scope of a namespace member is local to that namespace. 2. Accessing a namespace member can be done in one of two ways: a. First Method - General Syntax: namespace_identifier : : identifier i. namespace_identifier is the name of the namespace you want to access. ii. iii. iv. identifier is the name of the member of the namespace that you want to access. The double colon ( : : ) is called a scope resolution operator. Using the example from above, access the member RATE from the namespace globaltype with the following statement: globaltype : : RATE v. To access the function member of the namespace globaltype, the following statement is required: globaltype : : printresult ( ) ; 8
9 vi. In summary, you can access a namespace member by using the namespace identifier, followed by the scope resolution operator, followed by the member name. b. Second Method - General Syntax: using namespace namespace_identifier ; i. Note that in the above syntax, using is a reserved word. ii. iii. This method is done in an effort to simplify the access of namespace members. Once the "using namespace" is declared, it is no longer necessary to provide the namespace identifier and scope resolution operator in front of the namespace member. So...instead of ~~~> globaltype : : RATE You now only type ~~~> RATE iv. If you want to access just a specific member using the second method, you may do so in the following manner: Syntax: using namespace_identifier : : member_name Example: using globaltype : : RATE ; v. Typically, the using statement is put after the namespace declaration. Example: namespace globaltype const int N = 10 ; const double RATE = 7.50 ; int count = 0 ; void printresult ( ) ; using namespace globaltype ; 9
10 IV. string Type A. Programmer Defined Data Type 1. The data type string is not part of the C++ language; the C++ standard library supplies it. 2. Before using the data type string functions, you must include the header file string : #include <string> 3. A string is a sequence of zero or more characters, and strings are enclosed in double quotation marks. 4. Example of declaring and initializing a string variable: string name = Al Pacino ; a. The variable name is declared of type string. b. The variable name is initialized to the value Al Pacino. 5. Remember that every character in a string has a position value. a. Therefore, the A in Al Pacino would be at position zero (0). REMEMBER: Strings always start at position zero (0)!!! b. The O in Al Pacino would be at position 8. ( Don t forget to count the blank space as a character.) c. The length of the string Al Pacino is Recall that relational operators can be used on strings ( see Chapter 4 ) and I/O operators can also be used on strings ( see Chapter 3 ). B. Two Helpful string Operators 1. String Concatenation Operator a. The binary operator + allows the programmer to concatenate two string variables or a string variable and a string defined by double quotation marks. 10
11 b. Example: string firstname, midname, lastname, fullname ; firstname = Alan ; midname = Jay ; lastname = Spurgeon ; fullname = firstname + + midname + + lastname ; cout << fullname << endl << endl; Alan Jay Spurgeon OUTPUT 2. Array Subscript Operator a. In C++, [ ] is called the array subscript operator. It allows the programmer to access an individual character within a string variable. b. The array subscript operator may be used on either side of the assignment operator =. c. Example of Use: string name ; char ch1, ch2 ; name = al Pacino ; name[0] = A ; cout << name << endl << endl; ch1 = name[0] ; ch2 = name[3] ; cout << Al Pacino s initials are << ch1 << << ch2 <<. ; cout << endl << endl ; 11
12 C. Additional string Operations ( also see pg ) 1. length Function a. The length function returns the number of characters currently in the string variable. The value returned is an unsigned integer. b. Syntax: stringvarname.length ( ) i. Where stringvarname is the name of the string variable you want to find the length of. ii. iii. iv. The. (dot) between the variable name and the word length is essential. The function.length( ) does not take any parameters but it is still necessary to put empty parenthesis after the word length. Since this function is a value returning function, you must use it only on the right side of an assignment statement or in an output statement ( just like any other value returning function ). c. Examples: string name; int numname ; cout << Please enter your last name here -> ; cin >> name ; numname = name.length( ); cout << Your last name has << numname << letters. << endl; or what about using it in a for loop for ( int i = 0; i < name.length( ) ; i++ )
13 2. size Function a. Exactly the same as the length function but uses the word size instead. 3. find Function a. A value returning function that searches a string variable for the first occurrence of a particular substring or character. b. The value returned is an unsigned integer indicating the position in the string where the match begins. If no match is found, my compiler returns a negative one (-1). c. Syntax: stringvarname.find( stringexpression ); stringvarname.find( stringexpression, position ); i. Where stringvarname is the string variable you are searching. ii. iii. Where stringexpression is the substring you are looking for in the string variable. Where position is the starting position of the string variable that you want to start your search. d. #include <iostream> EXAMPLE #include <string> using namespace std; int main ( ) string phrase; int num1, num2, num3; phrase = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog."; num1 = phrase.find("fox"); num2 = phrase.find("the"); num3 = phrase.find("world") ; cout << num1 << " " << num2 << " " << num3 << endl << endl; system("pause"); return 0; 13
14 OUTPUT Press any key to continue... NOTICE that when a substring is not found, the function returns a negative one (-1). 4. substr Function a. The substring function returns a substring from a larger string, indicated by the starting position number and how many characters from the starting position you want in the substring. b. Syntax: stringvariable.substr( expr1, expr2 ) i. Where stringvariable is the string variable to be searched. ii. iii. Where expr1 is an unsigned integer indicating the starting position of the substring desired. Where expr2 is an unsigned integer indicating how many characters are to be copied from the starting position (including the starting position ). c. Example: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main ( ) string phrase, strword; phrase = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog."; strword = phrase.substr( 4, 5 ); cout << strword << endl << endl; system("pause"); return 0; 14
15 OUTPUT quick 5. swap Function Press any key to continue... a. A function to swap the string values of two string variables. b. Syntax: strvar1.swap( strvar2) ; i. Where strvar1 is one of the string variables you want swapped. ii. iii. Where strvar2 is the string variable you want swapped with strvar1. Notice that although a swap is occurring between variables, this is technically not a value returning function and can be called on its own. c. Example: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main ( ) string strword1, strword2; strword1 = "First" ; strword2 = "Second" ; cout << strword1 << " " << strword2 << endl << endl; strword1.swap(strword2); cout << strword1 << " " << strword2 << endl << endl; system("pause"); return 0; 15
16 OUTPUT First Second Second First Press any key to continue... Look for more string functions listed in the back of your textbook on pages 1262 thru
CSC 307 DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHM ANALYSIS IN C++ SPRING 2011
CSC 307 DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHM ANALYSIS IN C++ SPRING 2011 Date: 01/18/2011 (Due date: 01/20/2011) Name and ID (print): CHAPTER 6 USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS I 1. The C++ function pow has parameters.
More information6. User Defined Functions I
6 User Defined Functions I Functions are like building blocks They are often called modules They can be put togetherhe to form a larger program Predefined Functions To use a predefined function in your
More informationChapter 2: Basic Elements of C++
Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates
More informationObjectives. Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Introduction. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program (cont d.) A C++ Program
Objectives Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates
More informationChapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives. Objectives (cont d.) A C++ Program. Introduction
Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 1 Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers
More informationLab # 02. Basic Elements of C++ _ Part1
Lab # 02 Basic Elements of C++ _ Part1 Lab Objectives: After performing this lab, the students should be able to: Become familiar with the basic components of a C++ program, including functions, special
More informationObjectives. In this chapter, you will:
Objectives In this chapter, you will: Become familiar with functions, special symbols, and identifiers in C++ Explore simple data types Discover how a program evaluates arithmetic expressions Learn about
More informationData Types. Chapter 8
Data Types Chapter 8 Chapter Topics Enumeration Data Types Declaration Assignment Operations Looping with Enumeration Types Anonymous Data Types The typedef statement Namespaces The string type 2 Enumeration
More informationCS242 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
CS242 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING I.Safa a Alawneh Variables Outline 2 Data Type C++ Built-in Data Types o o o o bool Data Type char Data Type int Data Type Floating-Point Data Types Variable Declaration Initializing
More informationC++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C++ Objectives (continued) Become familiar with the use of increment and decrement operators Examine
More informationInput And Output of C++
Input And Output of C++ Input And Output of C++ Seperating Lines of Output New lines in output Recall: "\n" "newline" A second method: object endl Examples: cout
More informationLECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION TO C++
PowerPoint Slides adapted from *Starting Out with C++: From Control Structures through Objects, 7/E* by *Tony Gaddis* Copyright 2012 Pearson Education Inc. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LECTURE 02 INTRODUCTION
More informationReview of Important Topics in CS1600. Functions Arrays C-strings
Review of Important Topics in CS1600 Functions Arrays C-strings Array Basics Arrays An array is used to process a collection of data of the same type Examples: A list of names A list of temperatures Why
More informationThe C++ Language. Arizona State University 1
The C++ Language CSE100 Principles of Programming with C++ (based off Chapter 2 slides by Pearson) Ryan Dougherty Arizona State University http://www.public.asu.edu/~redoughe/ Arizona State University
More information1- Write a single C++ statement that: A. Calculates the sum of the two integrates 11 and 12 and outputs the sum to the consol.
1- Write a single C++ statement that: A. Calculates the sum of the two integrates 11 and 12 and outputs the sum to the consol. B. Outputs to the console a floating point number f1 in scientific format
More informationProgramming. C++ Basics
Programming C++ Basics Introduction to C++ C is a programming language developed in the 1970s with the UNIX operating system C programs are efficient and portable across different hardware platforms C++
More informationChapter 3 - Notes Input/Output
Chapter 3 - Notes Input/Output I. I/O Streams and Standard I/O Devices A. I/O Background 1. Stream of Bytes: A sequence of bytes from the source to the destination. 2. 2 Types of Streams: i. Input Stream:
More informationTokens, Expressions and Control Structures
3 Tokens, Expressions and Control Structures Tokens Keywords Identifiers Data types User-defined types Derived types Symbolic constants Declaration of variables Initialization Reference variables Type
More information! A program is a set of instructions that the. ! It must be translated. ! Variable: portion of memory that stores a value. char
Week 1 Operators, Data Types & I/O Gaddis: Chapters 1, 2, 3 CS 5301 Fall 2016 Jill Seaman Programming A program is a set of instructions that the computer follows to perform a task It must be translated
More informationComputer Programming : C++
The Islamic University of Gaza Engineering Faculty Department of Computer Engineering Fall 2017 ECOM 2003 Muath i.alnabris Computer Programming : C++ Experiment #1 Basics Contents Structure of a program
More informationChapter 4 - Notes Control Structures I (Selection)
Chapter 4 - Notes Control Structures I (Selection) I. Control Structures A. Three Ways to Process a Program 1. In Sequence: Starts at the beginning and follows the statements in order 2. Selectively (by
More informationC++ Basic Elements of COMPUTER PROGRAMMING. Special symbols include: Word symbols. Objectives. Programming. Symbols. Symbols.
EEE-117 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING Basic Elements of C++ Objectives General Questions Become familiar with the basic components of a C++ program functions, special symbols, and identifiers Data types Arithmetic
More informationChapter 2. C++ Syntax and Semantics, and the Program Development Process. Dale/Weems 1
Chapter 2 C++ Syntax and Semantics, and the Program Development Process Dale/Weems 1 Chapter 2 Topics Programs Composed of Several Functions Syntax Templates Legal C++ Identifiers Assigning Values to Variables
More informationChapter 2 Basic Elements of C++
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 2-1 Chapter 2 Basic Elements of C++ At a Glance Instructor s Manual Table of Contents Overview Objectives s Quick Quizzes Class Discussion
More informationProgramming Fundamentals. With C++ Variable Declaration, Evaluation and Assignment 1
300580 Programming Fundamentals 3 With C++ Variable Declaration, Evaluation and Assignment 1 Today s Topics Variable declaration Assignment to variables Typecasting Counting Mathematical functions Keyboard
More informationChapter 7 - Notes User-Defined Functions II
Chapter 7 - Notes User-Defined Functions II I. VOID Functions ( The use of a void function is done as a stand alone statement.) A. Void Functions without Parameters 1. Syntax: void functionname ( void
More informationLecture 3 The character, string data Types Files
Lecture 3 The character, string data Types Files The smallest integral data type Used for single characters: letters, digits, and special symbols Each character is enclosed in single quotes 'A', 'a', '0',
More informationswitch case Logic Syntax Basics Functionality Rules Nested switch switch case Comp Sci 1570 Introduction to C++
Comp Sci 1570 Introduction to C++ Outline 1 Outline 1 Outline 1 switch ( e x p r e s s i o n ) { case c o n s t a n t 1 : group of statements 1; break ; case c o n s t a n t 2 : group of statements 2;
More informationChapter 2: Overview of C++
Chapter 2: Overview of C++ Problem Solving, Abstraction, and Design using C++ 6e by Frank L. Friedman and Elliot B. Koffman C++ Background Introduced by Bjarne Stroustrup of AT&T s Bell Laboratories in
More informationVariables. Data Types.
Variables. Data Types. The usefulness of the "Hello World" programs shown in the previous section is quite questionable. We had to write several lines of code, compile them, and then execute the resulting
More informationCSc Introduction to Computing
CSc 10200 Introduction to Computing Lecture 2 Edgardo Molina Fall 2011 - City College of New York Thursday, September 1, 2011 Introduction to C++ Modular program: A program consisting of interrelated segments
More information! A literal represents a constant value used in a. ! Numbers: 0, 34, , -1.8e12, etc. ! Characters: 'A', 'z', '!', '5', etc.
Week 1: Introduction to C++ Gaddis: Chapter 2 (excluding 2.1, 2.11, 2.14) CS 1428 Fall 2014 Jill Seaman Literals A literal represents a constant value used in a program statement. Numbers: 0, 34, 3.14159,
More informationBy the end of this section you should: Understand what the variables are and why they are used. Use C++ built in data types to create program
1 By the end of this section you should: Understand what the variables are and why they are used. Use C++ built in data types to create program variables. Apply C++ syntax rules to declare variables, initialize
More informationBITG 1233: Introduction to C++
BITG 1233: Introduction to C++ 1 Learning Outcomes At the end of this lecture, you should be able to: Identify basic structure of C++ program (pg 3) Describe the concepts of : Character set. (pg 11) Token
More informationBASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM CSC128 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER PROBLEM SOLVING LOGO Contents 1 Identifier 2 3 Rules for naming and declaring data variables Basic data types 4 Arithmetic operators
More informationCOMP322 - Introduction to C++ Lecture 02 - Basics of C++
COMP322 - Introduction to C++ Lecture 02 - Basics of C++ School of Computer Science 16 January 2012 C++ basics - Arithmetic operators Where possible, C++ will automatically convert among the basic types.
More informationCPE 112 Spring 2015 Exam III (100 pts) April 8, True or False (12 Points)
Name rue or False (12 Points) 1. (12 pts) Circle for true and F for false: F a) Local identifiers have name precedence over global identifiers of the same name. F b) Local variables retain their value
More informationCS2141 Software Development using C/C++ C++ Basics
CS2141 Software Development using C/C++ C++ Basics Integers Basic Types Can be short, long, or just plain int C++ does not define the size of them other than short
More informationEnumerated Types. Mr. Dave Clausen La Cañada High School
Enumerated Types Mr. Dave Clausen La Cañada High School Enumerated Types Enumerated Types This is a new simple type that is defined by listing (enumerating) the literal values to be used in this type.
More informationIntroduction to C++ General Rules, Conventions and Styles CS 16: Solving Problems with Computers I Lecture #2
Introduction to C++ General Rules, Conventions and Styles CS 16: Solving Problems with Computers I Lecture #2 Ziad Matni Dept. of Computer Science, UCSB Administrative This class is currently FULL and
More informationThe University of Alabama in Huntsville Electrical and Computer Engineering CPE Example of Objective Test Questions for Test 4
The University of Alabama in Huntsville Electrical and Computer Engineering CPE 112 02 Example of Objective Test Questions for Test 4 True or False Name: 1. The statement switch (n) case 8 : alpha++; case
More informationUNIT- 3 Introduction to C++
UNIT- 3 Introduction to C++ C++ Character Sets: Letters A-Z, a-z Digits 0-9 Special Symbols Space + - * / ^ \ ( ) [ ] =!= . $, ; : %! &? _ # = @ White Spaces Blank spaces, horizontal tab, carriage
More informationName Section: M/W or T/TH. True or False (14 Points)
Name Section: M/W or T/TH True or False (14 Points) 1. (14 pts) Circle T for true and F for false: T F a) In C++, a function definition should not be nested within another function definition. T F b) Static
More informationC++ Basics. Lecture 2 COP 3014 Spring January 8, 2018
C++ Basics Lecture 2 COP 3014 Spring 2018 January 8, 2018 Structure of a C++ Program Sequence of statements, typically grouped into functions. function: a subprogram. a section of a program performing
More informationChapter 2: Introduction to C++
Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright Publishing as 2010 Pearson Pearson Addison-Wesley Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 2.1 Parts of a C++
More informationPART I. Part II Answer to all the questions 1. What is meant by a token? Name the token available in C++.
Unit - III CHAPTER - 9 INTRODUCTION TO C++ Choose the correct answer. PART I 1. Who developed C++? (a) Charles Babbage (b) Bjarne Stroustrup (c) Bill Gates (d) Sundar Pichai 2. What was the original name
More informationChapter 2: Special Characters. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Displays output on the computer screen
Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Publishing Pearson as Pearson Education, Addison-Wesley Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
More informationCHAPTER 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO C++ PROGRAMMING. Dr. Shady Yehia Elmashad
CHAPTER 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO C++ PROGRAMMING Dr. Shady Yehia Elmashad Outline 1. Introduction to C++ Programming 2. Comment 3. Variables and Constants 4. Basic C++ Data Types 5. Simple Program: Printing
More informationOverview. - General Data Types - Categories of Words. - Define Before Use. - The Three S s. - End of Statement - My First Program
Overview - General Data Types - Categories of Words - The Three S s - Define Before Use - End of Statement - My First Program a description of data, defining a set of valid values and operations List of
More informationIntroduction to Programming EC-105. Lecture 2
Introduction to Programming EC-105 Lecture 2 Input and Output A data stream is a sequence of data - Typically in the form of characters or numbers An input stream is data for the program to use - Typically
More informationCSC 126 FINAL EXAMINATION FINAL Spring 2012 B. Name (last, First) Instructor. Total Possible. Received
CSC 126 FINAL EXAMINATION FINAL Spring 2012 B Name (last, First) Instructor Question # Total Possible Total Received 1. 8 2. 8 3. 8 4. 14 5. 18 6. 10 7. 16 8. 18 TOTAL 100 Final Exam/ Page 2 1) (8 points)
More informationBasic memory model Using functions Writing functions. Basics Prototypes Parameters Return types Functions and memory Names and namespaces
Basic memory model Using functions Writing functions Basics Prototypes Parameters Return types Functions and memory Names and namespaces When a program runs it requires main memory (RAM) space for Program
More informationCSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++
CSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++ 2017 Spring Exam 1 Monday, February 13, 2017 Total - 100 Points B Instructions: Total of 11 pages, including this cover and the last page. Before starting the exam,
More informationCSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++
CSCE 206: Structured Programming in C++ 2017 Spring Exam 1 Monday, February 13, 2017 Total - 100 Points A Instructions: Total of 11 pages, including this cover and the last page. Before starting the exam,
More informationProgramming Language. Functions. Eng. Anis Nazer First Semester
Programming Language Functions Eng. Anis Nazer First Semester 2016-2017 Definitions Function : a set of statements that are written once, and can be executed upon request Functions are separate entities
More informationReview: Exam 1. Your First C++ Program. Declaration Statements. Tells the compiler. Examples of declaration statements
Review: Exam 1 9/20/06 CS150 Introduction to Computer Science 1 1 Your First C++ Program 1 //*********************************************************** 2 // File name: hello.cpp 3 // Author: Shereen Khoja
More informationIntro to Programming & C Why Program? 1.2 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software. Why Learn to Program?
Intro to Programming & C++ Unit 1 Sections 1.1-4 and 2.1-10, 2.12-13, 2.15-17 CS 1428 Spring 2019 Jill Seaman 1.1 Why Program? Computer programmable machine designed to follow instructions Program a set
More informationStarting Out with C++: Early Objects, 9 th ed. (Gaddis, Walters & Muganda) Chapter 2 Introduction to C++ Chapter 2 Test 1 Key
Starting Out with C++ Early Objects 9th Edition Gaddis TEST BANK Full clear download (no formatting errors) at: https://testbankreal.com/download/starting-c-early-objects-9thedition-gaddis-test-bank/ Starting
More informationCOMP322 - Introduction to C++
COMP322 - Introduction to C++ Winter 2011 Lecture 2 - Language Basics Milena Scaccia School of Computer Science McGill University January 11, 2011 Course Web Tools Announcements, Lecture Notes, Assignments
More informationChapter-8 DATA TYPES. Introduction. Variable:
Chapter-8 DATA TYPES Introduction To understand any programming languages we need to first understand the elementary concepts which form the building block of that program. The basic building blocks include
More informationCSc 10200! Introduction to Computing. Lecture 2-3 Edgardo Molina Fall 2013 City College of New York
CSc 10200! Introduction to Computing Lecture 2-3 Edgardo Molina Fall 2013 City College of New York 1 C++ for Engineers and Scientists Third Edition Chapter 2 Problem Solving Using C++ 2 Objectives In this
More information7/8/10 KEY CONCEPTS. Problem COMP 10 EXPLORING COMPUTER SCIENCE. Algorithm. Lecture 2 Variables, Types, and Programs. Program PROBLEM SOLVING
KEY CONCEPTS COMP 10 EXPLORING COMPUTER SCIENCE Lecture 2 Variables, Types, and Programs Problem Definition of task to be performed (by a computer) Algorithm A particular sequence of steps that will solve
More informationC++ Basics. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay
C++ Basics Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay The First Program Comments Function main() Input and Output Namespaces Variables Fundamental Types Operators Control constructs 1 C++ Programming
More information2.1. Chapter 2: Parts of a C++ Program. Parts of a C++ Program. Introduction to C++ Parts of a C++ Program
Chapter 2: Introduction to C++ 2.1 Parts of a C++ Program Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley 2-1 Parts of a C++ Program Parts of a C++ Program // sample C++ program
More informationFundamentals of Programming CS-110. Lecture 2
Fundamentals of Programming CS-110 Lecture 2 Last Lab // Example program #include using namespace std; int main() { cout
More information2 nd Week Lecture Notes
2 nd Week Lecture Notes Scope of variables All the variables that we intend to use in a program must have been declared with its type specifier in an earlier point in the code, like we did in the previous
More informationCS101: Fundamentals of Computer Programming. Dr. Tejada www-bcf.usc.edu/~stejada Week 1 Basic Elements of C++
CS101: Fundamentals of Computer Programming Dr. Tejada stejada@usc.edu www-bcf.usc.edu/~stejada Week 1 Basic Elements of C++ 10 Stacks of Coins You have 10 stacks with 10 coins each that look and feel
More informationIntroduction to C++ Professor Hugh C. Lauer CS-2303, System Programming Concepts
Introduction to C++ Professor Hugh C. Lauer CS-2303, System Programming Concepts (Slides include materials from The C Programming Language, 2 nd edition, by Kernighan and Ritchie, Absolute C++, by Walter
More informationIntroduction to C++ Systems Programming
Introduction to C++ Systems Programming Introduction to C++ Syntax differences between C and C++ A Simple C++ Example C++ Input/Output C++ Libraries C++ Header Files Another Simple C++ Example Inline Functions
More informationGE U111 Engineering Problem Solving & Computation Lecture 6 February 2, 2004
GE U111 Engineering Problem Solving & Computation Lecture 6 February 2, 2004 Functions and Program Structure Today we will be learning about functions. You should already have an idea of their uses. Cout
More informationGetting started with C++ (Part 2)
Getting started with C++ (Part 2) CS427: Elements of Software Engineering Lecture 2.2 11am, 16 Jan 2012 CS427 Getting started with C++ (Part 2) 1/22 Outline 1 Recall from last week... 2 Recall: Output
More informationComputer Science II Lecture 1 Introduction and Background
Computer Science II Lecture 1 Introduction and Background Discussion of Syllabus Instructor, TAs, office hours Course web site, http://www.cs.rpi.edu/courses/fall04/cs2, will be up soon Course emphasis,
More informationCSC 126 FINAL EXAMINATION Spring Total Possible TOTAL 100
CSC 126 FINAL EXAMINATION Spring 2011 Version A Name (Last, First) Your Instructor Question # Total Possible 1. 10 Total Received 2. 15 3. 15 4. 10 5. 10 6. 10 7. 10 8. 20 TOTAL 100 Name: Sp 11 Page 2
More informationName SECTION: 12:45 2:20. True or False (12 Points)
Name SECION: 12:45 2:20 rue or False (12 Points) 1. (12 pts) Circle for true and F for false: F a) Local identifiers have name precedence over global identifiers of the same name. F b) Local variables
More informationME240 Computation for Mechanical Engineering. Lecture 4. C++ Data Types
ME240 Computation for Mechanical Engineering Lecture 4 C++ Data Types Introduction In this lecture we will learn some fundamental elements of C++: Introduction Data Types Identifiers Variables Constants
More informationC++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition Chapter 4: Control Structures I (Selection) Control Structures A computer can proceed: In sequence Selectively (branch) - making
More informationExam 1 Practice CSE 232 Summer 2018 (1) DO NOT OPEN YOUR EXAM BOOKLET UNTIL YOU HAVE BEEN TOLD TO BEGIN.
Name: Section: INSTRUCTIONS: (1) DO NOT OPEN YOUR EXAM BOOKLET UNTIL YOU HAVE BEEN TOLD TO BEGIN. (2) The total for the exam is 100 points (3) There are 8 pages with 32 problem; 15 multiple-choice, 15
More informationA Fast Review of C Essentials Part I
A Fast Review of C Essentials Part I Structural Programming by Z. Cihan TAYSI Outline Program development C Essentials Functions Variables & constants Names Formatting Comments Preprocessor Data types
More informationInteger Data Types. Data Type. Data Types. int, short int, long int
Data Types Variables are classified according to their data type. The data type determines the kind of information that may be stored in the variable. A data type is a set of values. Generally two main
More informationProgramming with C++ as a Second Language
Programming with C++ as a Second Language Week 2 Overview of C++ CSE/ICS 45C Patricia Lee, PhD Chapter 1 C++ Basics Copyright 2016 Pearson, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives Introduction to
More informationCS201- Introduction to Programming Latest Solved Mcqs from Midterm Papers May 07,2011. MIDTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2010
CS201- Introduction to Programming Latest Solved Mcqs from Midterm Papers May 07,2011 Lectures 1-22 Moaaz Siddiq Asad Ali Latest Mcqs MIDTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2010 Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please
More informationWARM UP LESSONS BARE BASICS
WARM UP LESSONS BARE BASICS CONTENTS Common primitive data types for variables... 2 About standard input / output... 2 More on standard output in C standard... 3 Practice Exercise... 6 About Math Expressions
More informationconditional statements
L E S S O N S E T 4 Conditional Statements PU RPOSE PROCE DU RE 1. To work with relational operators 2. To work with conditional statements 3. To learn and use nested if statements 4. To learn and use
More informationMultiple Choice (Questions 1 13) 26 Points Select all correct answers (multiple correct answers are possible)
Name Closed notes, book and neighbor. If you have any questions ask them. Notes: Segment of code necessary C++ statements to perform the action described not a complete program Program a complete C++ program
More informationProgramming with C++ Language
Programming with C++ Language Fourth stage Prepared by: Eng. Samir Jasim Ahmed Email: engsamirjasim@yahoo.com Prepared By: Eng. Samir Jasim Page 1 Introduction: Programming languages: A programming language
More informationLAB 4.1 Relational Operators and the if Statement
LAB 4.1 Relational Operators and the if Statement // This program tests whether or not an initialized value of num2 // is equal to a value of num1 input by the user. int main( ) int num1, // num1 is not
More informationTrue or False (14 Points)
Name Number True or False (14 Points) 1. (15 pts) Circle T for true and F for false: T F a) void functions can use the statement return; T F b) Arguments corresponding to value parameters can be variables.
More informationCreating a C++ Program
Program A computer program (also software, or just a program) is a sequence of instructions written in a sequence to perform a specified task with a computer. 1 Creating a C++ Program created using an
More informationC++ PROGRAMMING. For Industrial And Electrical Engineering Instructor: Ruba A. Salamh
C++ PROGRAMMING For Industrial And Electrical Engineering Instructor: Ruba A. Salamh CHAPTER TWO: Fundamental Data Types Chapter Goals In this chapter, you will learn how to work with numbers and text,
More informationCAMBRIDGE SCHOOL, NOIDA ASSIGNMENT 1, TOPIC: C++ PROGRAMMING CLASS VIII, COMPUTER SCIENCE
CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL, NOIDA ASSIGNMENT 1, TOPIC: C++ PROGRAMMING CLASS VIII, COMPUTER SCIENCE a) Mention any 4 characteristic of the object car. Ans name, colour, model number, engine state, power b) What
More informationC++ Strings, Enums. Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay
C++ Strings, Enums Data Processing Course, I. Hrivnacova, IPN Orsay Using strings Manipulating strings as fundamental types (using operators) Manipulating strings as objects (using object-oriented syntax)
More informationMultiple Choice (Questions 1 14) 28 Points Select all correct answers (multiple correct answers are possible)
Name Closed notes, book and neighbor. If you have any questions ask them. Notes: Segment of code necessary C++ statements to perform the action described not a complete program Program a complete C++ program
More informationCHAPTER 4 FUNCTIONS. 4.1 Introduction
CHAPTER 4 FUNCTIONS 4.1 Introduction Functions are the building blocks of C++ programs. Functions are also the executable segments in a program. The starting point for the execution of a program is main
More informationCSCI-1200 Data Structures Fall 2014 Lecture 8 Iterators
Review from Lecture 7 CSCI-1200 Data Structures Fall 2014 Lecture 8 Iterators Designing our own container classes Dynamically allocated memory in classes Copy constructors, assignment operators, and destructors
More informationREVIEW. The C++ Programming Language. CS 151 Review #2
REVIEW The C++ Programming Language Computer programming courses generally concentrate on program design that can be applied to any number of programming languages on the market. It is imperative, however,
More informationCSI33 Data Structures
Outline Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Bronx Community College October 24, 2018 Outline Outline 1 Chapter 8: A C++ Introduction For Python Programmers Expressions and Operator Precedence
More informationIntroduction to C++ 2. A Simple C++ Program. A C++ program consists of: a set of data & function definitions, and the main function (or driver)
Introduction to C++ 1. General C++ is an Object oriented extension of C which was derived from B (BCPL) Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup (AT&T Bell Labs) in early 1980 s 2. A Simple C++ Program A C++ program
More informationSTUDY NOTES UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING STUDY NOTES UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1. Object Oriented Programming Paradigms 2. Comparison of Programming Paradigms 3. Basic Object Oriented Programming
More informationUnderstanding main() function Input/Output Streams
Understanding main() function Input/Output Streams Structure of a program // my first program in C++ #include int main () { cout
More informationObject-oriented Programming for Automation & Robotics Carsten Gutwenger LS 11 Algorithm Engineering
Object-oriented Programming for Automation & Robotics Carsten Gutwenger LS 11 Algorithm Engineering Lecture 3 Winter 2011/12 Oct 25 Visual C++: Problems and Solutions New section on web page (scroll down)
More information