State University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico Mechanical & Electrical Engineering School
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1 State University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico Mechanical & Electrical Engineering School ACOUSTICS LABORATORY SIMULATION OF THE ACOUSTIC WAVE BEHAVIOR OF DUCTS AND PLENUMS USING ANSYS JOSE DE JESUS VILLALOBOS LUNA PEDRO LOPEZ CRUZ CARLOS A. LARA OCHOA FERNANDO J. ELIZONDO G.
2 I. BACKGROUND The ducts and plenum systems used in air conditioned systems have been analyzed as a transfer function, output vs. input. = 10log L TL 10 Wout Win
3 I. BACKGROUND This concept is very useful for practical purposes, but, for didactic purposes, it doesn't have the understanding of the acoustical phenomena inside these systems.
4 II. OBJECTIVE To present the necessary aspects to the FEM simulation of duct and plenum systems with ANSYS. Discus the necessary parameters in order to obtain the accurate results. To show the propagation, reflection and absorption phenomena inside the systems.
5 III. SIMULATION OF THE ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOR BY FEM USING ANSYS Ducts Plenums
6 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE SIMULATION OF BOTH SYSTEMS: Finite Element Software used: ANSYS
7 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE A. PREPROCESSING 1. Analysis Type: ANSYS FLUID 2. Element Type 3. Real Constants 4. Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material). 5. FE Model 6. Define Attributes 7. FE Discratitations (Meshing the Model) B. SOLUTION 1. Analysis Type (Harmonic) 2. Solution Options 3. Boundary Conditions Applications (Loads, Constraints) 4. Analysis Frequency Range 5. Solution C. POST-PROCESSING PROCESSING 1. Check Results and Visualizations.
8 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE A. PREPROCESSING 1. Analysis Type: ANSYS FLUID 2. Element Type 3. Real Constants 4. Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material). 5. FE Model 6. Define Attributes 7. FE Discratitations (Meshing the Model) B. SOLUTION 1. Analysis Type (Harmonic) 2. Solution Options 3. Boundary Conditions Applications (Loads, Constraints) 4. Analysis Frequency Range 5. Solution C. POST-PROCESSING PROCESSING 1. Check Results and Visualizations.
9 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING 1. ANALYSIS TYPE 2. ELEMENT TYPE 3. REAL CONSTANTS 4. MATERIAL PROPERTIES ANSYS FLUID Type 1, FLUID30, Structure Absent Type 2, FLUID30, Structure Present Type 1, Reference Pressure = 20 µpa Type 2, Reference Pressure = 20 µpa
10 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING 1. ANALYSIS TYPE 2. ELEMENT TYPE 3. REAL CONSTANTS 4. MATERIAL PROPERTIES ANSYS FLUID Type 1, FLUID30, Structure Absent Type 2, FLUID30, Structure Present Type 1, Reference Pressure = 20 µpa Type 2, Reference Pressure = 20 µpa MATERIAL NUMBER 1 (AIR) Density= 1.21 kg/m 3 Sonic Velocity = 344 m/seg
11 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING 1. ANALYSIS TYPE 2. ELEMENT TYPE 3. REAL CONSTANTS 4. MATERIAL PROPERTIES ANSYS FLUID Type 1, FLUID30, Structure Absent Type 2, FLUID30, Structure Present Type 1, Reference Pressure = 20 µpa Type 2, Reference Pressure = 20 µpa MATERIAL NUMBER 1 (AIR) Density= 1.21 kg/m 3 Sonic Velocity = 344 m/seg MATERIAL NUMBER 2 (ACOUSTIC MATERIAL) Density=28 kg/m 3 Absortion Coeficient = SPECIFIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES Sonic Velocity = 344 m/seg
12 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING Absorption Coefficient vs. Frequency for Acoustics Commercial Material (FONAC) Acoustic Absorption Coeficient (sabine/m2) Acoustic Absorption Curve 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 y 2000 Hz 4000 y 8000 Hz Frequency (Hz)
13 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING 5. FINITE ELEMENT MODEL ANSYS TOOLS CREATE>VOLUMES>... EXTERNAL MODELING SOFTWARE SOLID WORKS MECHANICAL DESKTOP ACAD OTHERS.
14 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING 6. DEFINE ATTRIBUTES Volume = 1 (INTERIOR) Material Number : 1 (AIR) Real Constant Set Number: 1 Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30) Volume = 2 (EXTERNAL) Material Number : 2 (ABSORPTION MATERIAL) Real Constant Set Number: 1 Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
15 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING 6. DEFINE ATTRIBUTES Volume = 1 (INTERIOR) Material Number : 1 (AIR) Real Constant Set Number: 1 Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30) Volume = 2 (EXTERNAL) Material Number : 2 (ABSORPTION MATERIAL) Real Constant Set Number: 1 Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
16 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING 7. MODEL MESHING DUCT MESHING MESH TOOL... Using smart size Using Mesh Volumes Shape, Tet or Hex Mesher Free A MESHING EXAMPLE: Command Meshing
17 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING 5. FINITE ELEMENT MODEL ANSYS TOOLS CREATE>VOLUMES>... EXTERNAL MODELING SOFTWARE SOLID WORKS MECHANICAL DESKTOP ACAD OTHERS.
18 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING Volume = 1 (INTERIOR) Material Number : 1 (AIR) Real Constant Set Number: 1 Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30) Volume = 2 (EXTERNAL) Material Number : 2 (ABSORPTION MATERIAL) Real Constant Set Number: 1 Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
19 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING Volume = 1 (INTERIOR) Material Number : 1 (AIR) Real Constant Set Number: 1 Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30) Volume = 2 (EXTERNAL) Material Number : 2 (ABSORPTION MATERIAL) Real Constant Set Number: 1 Element Type Number: 1 (FLUID30)
20 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. A.- PREPROCESSING 7. MODEL MESHING DUCT MESHING MESH TOOL... Using smart size Using Mesh Volumes Shape, Tet or Hex Mesher Free A MESHING EXAMPLE: Command Meshing
21 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE A. PREPROCESSING 1. Analysis Type: ANSYS FLUID 2. Element Type 3. Real Constants 4. Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material). 5. FE Model 6. Define Attributes 7. FE Discratitations (Meshing the Model) B. SOLUTION 1. Analysis Type (Harmonic) 2. Solution Options 3. Boundary Conditions Applications (Loads, Constraints) 4. Analysis Frequency Range 5. Solution C. POST-PROCESSING PROCESSING 1. Check Results and Visualizations.
22 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. B.- SOLUTION 1. Analysis Type 2. Solution Options 3. Boundary Conditions Applications (Loads) 4. Analysis Time Range 5. Solution
23 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. B.- SOLUTION 1. ANALYSIS TYPE: HARMONIC 2. SOLUTION OPTIONS: From 1 or Fast (More Accurate) to 4 (Specific( Proposals).
24 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. B.- SOLUTION 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS. INLET Interaction between fluid and structure. LOADS>APPLY> Fluid Structure Interface (FSI) Sound pressure =1 Pa Pressure> On Nodes> Value= 1 Pa
25 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. B.- SOLUTION 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS. INLET Interaction between fluid and structure. Sound pressure =1 Pa Pressure = 1 Pa
26 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. B.- SOLUTION 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS. OUTLET No interaction between fluid and structure. LOADS>APPLY> Sound pressure = No declared Impedance = 0 Impedance = 0 (simulating an infinite medium of propagation)
27 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. B.- SOLUTION 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS. OUTLET No interaction between fluid and structure. Sound pressure = No declared Impedance = 0 (simulating an infinite medium of propagation)
28 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. B.- SOLUTION 3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR BOTH, DUCTS AND PLENUM SYSTEMS. Absorption Acoustics Material Material Properties Sequence: Preprocessor>Material Properties>Isotropic Material Properties>Material Number>Write 2 Material Number 2 is the External Volume
29 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. B.- SOLUTION 4. ANALYSIS FREQUENCY RANGE. Ducts and Plenums Standard Frequency Range in Octave Bands starting at 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000
30 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. B.- SOLUTION The wave frequency is defined as a boundary condition in the application of an harmonic pressure. For each interesting frequency it s necessary to do an individual analysis and... The Absorption Coeficient of the Acoustics Material is different at each frequency
31 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE A. PREPROCESSING 1. Analysis Type: ANSYS FLUID 2. Element Type 3. Real Constants 4. Material Properties (Air and Absorption Material). 5. FE Model 6. Define Attributes 7. FE Discratitations (Meshing the Model) B. SOLUTION 1. Analysis Type (Harmonic) 2. Solution Options 3. Boundary Conditions Applications (Loads, Constraints) 4. Analysis Frequency Range 5. Solution C. POST-PROCESSING PROCESSING 1. Check Results and Visualizations.
32 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. C.- POST - PREPROCESSING IV.C.1. CHECK RESULTS AND VISUALITATIONS FOR DUCTS AND PLENUMS. PROPAGATION PRESSURE DIFFERENT FREQUENCY ANALYSIS ATTENUATION VS FREQUENCY
33 PROPAGATION
34 PROPAGATION
35 PRESSURE
36 ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES 125 Hz 250 Hz
37 ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES 500 Hz 2000 Hz 1000 Hz
38 ATTENUATION VS FREQUENCY Outlet atenuation at each characteristic frequency Acoustic Absorption Material Atenuacion ( db/ ft ) Hz 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz Frequency (Hz)
39 IV. ANALYSIS SEQUENCE IV. C.- POST - PREPROCESSING IV.C.1. CHECK RESULTS AND VISUALITATIONS FOR DUCTS AND PLENUMS. PROPAGATION PRESSURE DIFFERENT FREQUENCY ANALYSIS ATTENUATION VS FREQUENCY
40 PROPAGATION
41 PROPAGATION
42 PROPAGATION 125 Hz 500 Hz
43 PROPAGATION 500 Hz 1000 Hz
44 PROPAGATION 2000 Hz
45 ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
46 ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
47 ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
48 ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
49 ANALYSIS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
50 ATTENUATION VS FREQUENCY ATTENUATION VS FREQUENCY db at the plenum oulet Plenum Absorption Curve with Acoustic Material 4.87 Plenum Absorption Curve without Acoustic Material FREQUENCY Hz 28.04
51 V. FINAL COMMENTS
52 V. FINAL COMMENTS With Simulations: It s easier to understand the behavior on acoustic waves into duct and plenum systems. We can see the propagation of a wave. The frontwave going along the duct. The effect of the absorbing material by frequency.
53 The graphical results give us the chance to see the propagation, reflection, amplification and attenuation phenomenon into the plenum. The graphical results help Beginners in the acoustical studies to understand in a integral way the phenomenon and propose modeling improves...
54 With the simulation of ducts and plenums is possible to prove designs with different geometries and materials looking for an economy.
55 When we are investigating, we begin to understand, but more interesting questions surges... And our goal is try to respond that interesting questions improving the previous models...
56 Thank you! s:
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