Review and Recursion

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1 Midterm Exam Review Division of Mathematics and Computer Science Maryville College

2 Outline Midterm Exam Review 1 Midterm Exam Review 2

3 Questions 1-10 Midterm Exam Review 1 What are some of the main challenges in modern software development? 2 What is object oriented programming? 3 How do parts of speech represented in object oriented programming? 4 What are the four major principles of object oriented programming? 5 What are the main goals of object oriented programming? 6 Know the syntax for class declaration. 7 Be able to write a class implementation. 8 What is the purpose of constructors? 9 In best OOP practice, what is the minimal set of constructors that you need to provide with all classes? 10 What is a destructor and when should you provide one?

4 Questions Midterm Exam Review 11 What is a pointer? What value does a pointer store? 12 How do you declare a pointer? 13 How can you retrieve the address of a variable? 14 How do you dereference a pointer? 15 What does dereferencing a pointer do? 16 Be able to write pointer based code. 17 How do you dynamically allocate objects? 18 How do you destroy dynamically allocated objects? 19 What is a memory leak, and how can they be avoided? 20 How do you access methods and attributes of an object using a pointer to the object? 21 What are the advantages of using pointers with objects? 22 What are terminal control codes?

5 Questions Midterm Exam Review 23 What is meant by an "is-a" relationship? Be able to provide some examples! 24 What is class inheritance? 25 What is meant by public inheritance? How about private inheritance? 26 What is function overriding, and how does it work? 27 What is polymorphism? 28 What are virtual functions, and how do they relate to polymorphism? 29 Can constructors be virtual? 30 Can destructors be virtual? 31 What is the best practice regarding virtual functions? 32 What are pure virtual functions, and why are they important?

6 Questions Midterm Exam Review 33 What is meant by up-casting and down-casting? 34 What are overloaded operators? 35 Know the syntax for creating an overloaded operator as a stand-alone function. 36 Know the syntax for creating an overloaded operator as a member of a class. 37 What are the best practices for using overloaded operators? 38 What is meant by "software engineering"? 39 What is the waterfall method? 40 What is meant by "agile methods"? 41 Know how to construct and use the following UML diagrams: Use Case, Object, Sequence, and Class. 42 What is Object Oriented Analysis and Design? Be able to carry it out on a sample problem. 43 Know how the UML diagrams fit into the OOAD process.

7 Midterm Exam Review To understand recursion... Recursion is... When a function re-enters itself. Used when a problem is solved by solving smaller versions of itself. Solves many interesting and complex problems. Image Source:

8 Midterm Exam Review... you must first understand recursion. Ingredients of Recrusion: Base Case The condition where recursion stops. Recursive Case The condition where we make a recursive call to form the complete solution. Recursion Syntax There is no special syntax for recursion in C++! It s just a programming technique! Once you Understand Recursion You will understand recursion.

9 Midterm Exam Review Recursive Problems Divide and Conquer Algorithms Mathematical Recurrence Relations Recursive Data Structures Language Processing Artificial Intelligence Fractals (example: Koch Curve) Searching Candidate Solutions Image Source: wikipedia.org

10 Midterm Exam Review Example: Greatest Common Denominator gcd(x, y) = { x if y = 0 gcd(y, remainder(x, y)) if y > 0 int gcd(int x, int y) { if(y == 0) { return x; } } return gcd(y, x%y);

Inheritance and Polymorphism

Inheritance and Polymorphism Division of Mathematics and Computer Science Maryville College Outline Inheritance 1 Inheritance 2 3 Outline Inheritance 1 Inheritance 2 3 The "is-a" Relationship Object classification is typically hierarchical.