SATELLITEMOBILITY WORLD

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1 Gottlieb's SATELLITEMOBILITY WORLD Independent Analysis and Commentary on Maritime, Aero and Land-based Satellite Technologies In this Issue... "LEO on the Leading Edge: Telesat's Revolutionary New Constellation" An Interview with Telesat CEO, Dan Goldberg "Cyber Security at Sea - entegra's Unique Solution for VSAT An interview with entegra technologies CEO Nancy Shemwell "Riding the Wave to a Small Satellite Future" A Word with Abel Avellan, CEO of Avellan Space Technologies VolumeIII, No1January2018 1

2 An Interview With Telesat CEO, Dan Goldberg LEO on the Leading Edge: Telesat's Revolutionary New Constellation 4 W ith the increasing number of new LEO constellations being planned, the announcement of another entrant would hardly seem remarkable. Yet, as we spoke with integrators around the world, we found an unusual amount of enthusiasm and interest in Telesat's planned LEO offering, so much so, that we decided to investigate further. What we found is a uniquely clever design that stands out from the crowd, a constellation that features a smaller number of satellites than has ever been proposed for a broadband LEO constellation, a dual low latency configuration combining Polar and elliptical orbits, interlinked satellites, and unique onboard processing enabling the delivery of localized capacity on demand - a capability far beyond the first generation of High Throughput Satellites (HTS). To find out more, we approached Dan Goldberg, Telesat CEO, who was kind enough to grant "Satellite Mobility World" the opportunity for this exclusive interview.

3 SMW: Given the unique features of your planned LEO constellation, if it performs as expected, wouldn?t it effectively cannibalize your own HTS GEO satellite market and would the capacity of your hybrid LEO constellation be enough to threaten other existing GEO networks? Dan Goldberg: First, I?d like to start by highlighting some of the key advantages of Telesat LEO, namely our superior system design, global spectrum rights, strong backing from our investors and great interest from customers and potential partners, both in and outside the satellite industry. Telesat has a long record of industry firsts that have brought major satellite innovations to market and our LEO constellation will be another breakthrough that transforms global communications. We?re on track to deploy global service starting in 2021 and expect to make some big "The overall service quality, reliability and cost of Telesat?s LEO system will be unmatched by any GEO, MEO or other LEO system and will allow us to fill a key gap in the global data connectivity market." announcements early this year regarding industrial and other strategic partners. Telesat?s focus is to provide our customers with the best performing space-based systems to meet their ever more demanding communications requirements. The overall service quality, reliability and cost of Telesat?s LEO system will be unmatched by any GEO, MEO or other LEO system and will allow us to fill a key gap in the global data connectivity market. That?s why we?re developing our LEO constellation. All other considerations are really secondary. SMW: Your model incorporates the use of 117 optically linked satellites, thereby eliminating the need for numerous gateways. How is the development coming on that aspect of the constellation? I understand it?s quite challenging. Dan Goldberg: We?re building an integrated space and ground system consisting of a space 5

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5 segment, a ground segment and a user terminal segment. Unlike GEO, a LEO satellite architecture must be an integrated, tightly coupled system to deliver our core value proposition of high capacity and low latency at low cost. That?s why we?ve engaged teams consisting of satellite, gateway and user terminal manufacturers. Telesat LEO will provide global coverage by 2021 with a constellation of approximately 120 satellites and we?re evaluating options to expand the system beyond this initial configuration. The space segment will be supported with a worldwide network of 30 to 50 gateways. Additional gateways will be added in selected areas as demand for services increases. Our system will have high capacity inter-satellite links (ISLs) to provide the data routing flexibility that many of our global customers are demanding for security or regulatory reasons as well as to meet their connectivity requirements. The ISLs will enable a user terminal to connect directly to a Telesat LEO gateway anywhere in the world without traversing terrestrial networks. In addition, since data travels faster in space than over terrestrial fiber, for long intercontinental routes, our LEO ISLs will have lower latency than terrestrial fiber. A satellite with no gateway in view (e.g. over an ocean) will connect through other satellites via ISLs to reach the desired gateway. This capability allows any user terminal on earth to connect and utilize the full features of the Telesat LEO system, regardless of location. The ISLs also support fault-tolerant routing, thereby improving constellation resiliency. SMW: Can you give us an idea of how the costs of the satellites compared to the non-interlinked variety employed in the OneWeb model? Dan Goldberg: We?re presently in a competitive procurement process and aren?t 7

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7 yet ready to provide details on system costs, but building and launching hundreds of satellites and associated ground infrastructure is certainly a big undertaking. We?re reviewing multiple designs from leading manufacturers that will allow us to meet our performance and cost targets with the scale and capacity to establish a disruptive, low latency, ultra high capacity, flexible and global communications infrastructure. But while the capital costs are significant, keep in mind that Telesat has considerable financial resources and strong backing from our investors. SMW: My understanding is that the ITU has granted you global?priority rights? to 4 GHz of Ka-Band spectrum, and you have secured approval from the FCC to operate the LEO constellation over the U.S. Given that Leosat is developing somewhat similar Ka-Band constellation with similar market objectives, how can they still operate globally and compete with you? Please explain. "We expect to transform the economics of space-based communication systems with cost per Mbps at, or lower than, the lowest cost systems announced or in the market today." Dan Goldberg: I won?t comment on the prospects of other players, but I will note that Telesat has a Ka-band NGSO filing of higher priority at the ITU than any other commercial LEO aspirant and that puts us in the strongest position in terms of our spectrum rights. In many satellite frequency bands, including the Ka-band used by Telesat?s LEO constellation, a first-come, first-service approach to applications applies. In the case of two applications for the same frequency band, the later filed application must coordinate with the earlier filed application. The earlier filed application is considered to have?priority.? There will have to be coordination among LEO operators seeking to use Ka-band, and Telesat?s ITU priority puts us in a strong position to ensure we can operate our constellation as planned. As for the performance advantages of Telesat LEO, our system will provide Gbps links to individual customers while offering multiple 9

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9 Tbps of total system capacity. Advanced technology on the Telesat LEO satellites allow spectrum and spacecraft resources to be dynamically allocated to best meet customer demand, providing high capacity around busy airports, for military operations in remote regions or a carrier battle group, a fleet of ships in major ports, and into other areas of concentrated demand. We expect to transform the economics of space-based communication systems with cost per Mbps at, or lower than, the lowest cost systems announced or in the market today. SMW: Your patent application mentions as target markets community broadband and hotspots, large enterprises, ships and planes, software updates and Internet of things, cellular backhaul, but not homes as initial markets. What are your differentiators in each of these markets? Dan Goldberg: Telesat LEO will deliver a 11 continuous, high quality service. - For aviation, Telesat LEO will concentrate high capacity around major airports to ensure peak demand is met during the busiest periods of the day. Our global coverage will support a seamless user experience across every flight no matter its route, and low latency will provide superior in-flight connectivity for passengers. Our low cost capacity will enable new business models for airlines as well as allowing connectivity-led inflight automation for more efficient airline operations and improved profitability. - The maritime market, such as cruise and yachts, will also benefit from our constellation?s ability to focus capacity to meet seasonal demand when multiple ships are in the same port.

10 12 As cruise operators compete against land-based resorts, they will benefit from economical capacity to profitably deliver a user experience on par with advanced terrestrial networks, including low latency. The high resilience of Telesat LEO will ensure a continuous service, as ships will have multiple satellites in their field of view. - The oil and gas market will be transformed with a low latency service allowing for real-time data transfer between automated platforms and on-shore control centers. The Telesat LEO constellation will provide high capacity in any exploration and production area, even at high latitudes. Availability of lower data rates will enable new business models and increase operational automation. - For military users, the high bandwidth, low latency and high security of Telesat LEO will unlock new, and boost existing, use cases such as enabling control and navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles. Global continuous coverage is provided over hostile territories without ground gateway requirements. The high bandwidth available will fully support requirements for MWR (morale, welfare, recreation) on land and in maritime units. Initially we expect to provide Internet access into remote areas using a community aggregator model where Telesat LEO will connect villages with high speed Internet and then distribute broadband connectivity through a local terrestrial network using fixed wireless, WiFi or 3G/4G. We believe there needs to be further development of low cost, electronically steerable antennas (ESAs) to be more cost competitive for direct-to-home services. We are following the development of ESAs closely and are encouraged by the progress being made by a number of companies. We are confident we?ll be able to provide market leading Internet

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12 connectivity direct-to-home as soon as the required user antenna products are commercially available. SMW: Could you please clarify what you mean by?internet hotspots?? Does that mean placing an antenna on a centrally located structure and allowing residential access via Wi-Fi or LTE? like the OneWeb concept? Dan Goldberg: Yes. To boost digital inclusion in remote and rural communities, the acceleration and growth of mobile broadband (MBB) is needed over cellular devices as well as fixed broadband (FBB) to households and institutional premises (schools, hospitals, offices, etc.). Telesat LEO will provide competitive backhaul solutions to enable both MBB and FBB growth. Our backhaul solution will enable mobile network operators (MNOs) to economically expand coverage to remote communities and drive MBB growth. Imagine a small village with 20 homes in a very remote location. While a 3G/4G network is not economical for such a small population, an Internet hotspot connected via satellite could be a perfect solution. We currently offer backhaul services to such service providers today using our GEO satellites and will improve on them with the high throughput and low latency of our LEO system. SMW: With Ka-Band, rain fade has always been a problem, especially in the tropics, Southeast Asia and in maritime markets. How will you deal with this issue? Dan Goldberg: Unlike GEO satellites that often experience extended rain outages, LEO satellites move across the sky so that a user?s line of sight doesn?t intersect a heavy rain cell for more than a couple of minutes. In addition, our LEO network will have transmit/receive power control and adaptive coding and modulation to mitigate fading due to rain. In the forward direction, when a satellite senses that a user antenna isn?t receiving a strong enough signal, it will increase the power transmitted down to that antenna and make adjustments to coding and modulation to maintain 14

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14 performance. Similarly, in the return direction, when a satellite senses that the power received from a user antenna has decreased, the satellite will direct the user terminal to adjust its power, modulation and coding to compensate. While brief rain outages may occur, these adaptive features will ensure that the space-ground links are maintained under the most demanding conditions. SMW: If you use an ESA terminal and, as you state in the patents, that you intercept the satellite at 20-degree elevation, doesn?t that severely limit the throughput and make a case for more satellites that can intercept the satellite at a higher look angles? Essentially, how do you get high throughput at a low look angle with a phased array? Dan Goldberg: Telesat LEO customers will always have multiple LEO satellites in view and our Network Control System will handoff customers to the satellite that offers the best performance. Minimum user elevation angles will be above 20 degrees with typical elevation angles much better than that. In addition, advanced features such as power control combined with adaptive coding and modulation will dynamically allocate satellite resources to ensure that users receive a robust signal from the satellites at all times. As additional satellites are added to the constellation, both total capacity and minimum elevation angles will continue to improve. SMW: How will you distribute the service? Will you sell through integrators only, or will you go direct to end users in any markets? Dan Goldberg: Telesat has always believed strongly in the value of service providers and will continue to work with them to jointly bring new LEO services to market. Telesat LEO will be a perfect complement for service providers with deep sector knowledge, customer relationships and vertical-specific solutions. For such service providers, we see it as a winning situation for Telesat, our partners and their end customers. 16

15 SMW: As we both know, a flat panel electronically steered antenna (ESA) is vital component of LEO service, the only alternative being expensive installations with multiple, mechanically steered antennas on land or multiple stabilized and steered antennas on vessels. Where do you stand on development of an ESA for the planned constellation? Dan Goldberg: We agree that our industry needs advances in ground terminals to fully take advantage of the capabilities of NGSO systems, including Telesat?s LEO constellation. Telesat is addressing this in two ways. First, our LEO constellation will support both electronically steered and mechanically tracked antennas for serving fixed sites, air, maritime, ground vehicles and other platforms, both military and commercial. So our success is not dependent on a big leap in ground terminal performance and capabilities. We expect our initial service will use existing technology. In addition, flat panel antennas are being developed by various companies, both well-established suppliers and new entrants. We?re following their developments and working directly with a number of these suppliers with the expectation that they will have high performance, cost-effective products on the market in a few years. Telesat is confident that at least one, and more likely several, satellite antenna suppliers will achieve the improvements in cost and performance that the LEO satellite market requires. SMW: What about modem technology? Does your hybrid LEO constellation pose any challenges to the modem manufacturers, especially given the more complex beam switching environment in a LEO or hybrid LEO constellation? Dan Goldberg: The modems needed for our constellation will not be any more complicated than satellite modems available today. They will simply need to be adapted for compatibility with our LEO network. 17

16 About Dan Goldberg Dan Goldberg became President SMW: and Chief Does the recent launch failure Executive threaten Officer of your ability to retain your Telesat in license for the polar constellation? What Prior to joining date restrictions Telesat, are you under in both Mr. Goldberg cases served for the as initiation of service? Chief Executive Dan Goldberg: Officer No, the recent launch of SES New failure Skies, doesn?t a threaten our licenses or position our he held regulatory position more broadly. following Our the authorizations purchase with Canada and the of New Skies U.S. aren?t by SES. tied to specific launches. During that Although time, Mr. we were certainly disappointed Goldberg with also the served launch failure we experienced in as a member late November, of the we have a second SES Executive Phase-1 satellite scheduled for launch in Committee. early January Prior to becoming SMW: Thanks very much for your Chief Executive comprehensive Officer, responses to our he served questions. as Chief In our view, what you are Operating proposing Officer of is a significant advancement in satellite technology and constellation New Skies and prior to design. We look forward to seeing design that as New Skies finalized and the constellation launched General Counsel. and put in service. A.G. Before joining New Skies, Mr. Goldberg served 18 as Associate General Counsel and Vice President of