CHAPTER 2 THEORITICAL FOUNDATION. Helping readers to understand what are the thesis discussed and what technologies

Transcription

1 5 CHAPTER 2 THEORITICAL FOUNDATION This chapter will describe all the theories and the principles related to this thesis. Helping readers to understand what are the thesis discussed and what technologies that will be used in this thesis. 2.1 Transjakarta Public Transportation Public transportation is a country facility which helps people reach their destination while they are not using a private transportation or for people that have not their own private transportation. There are many kind of public transportations such as taxi cab, bus, train, aeroplane, ship, and many more. The existing public transportation in Jakarta until nowadays are taxi cab, city bus, transjakarta bus, train, becak, etc. This public transportation not only helps people reach their destination, it also helps the governor to reduce the congestion that become the most problem in Jakarta. So, in 2004, Pak Sutiyoso, the governor of Jakarta at the time launched a new system of mass public transportation which called Transjakarta. Transjakarta is a bus rapid transportation that can carry 85 maximum people on single bus and 160 people on an articulated bus [4]. Pak Sutiyoso has a high hopes that Transjakarta can reduce the number of congestion in Jakarta. Nowadays, Transjakarta have 13 corridors and also integrated with medium and small bus like Kopaja AC and APTB. Nowadays, Transjakarta is getting popular in people eyes. Although there are a few problem such as the bus condition, the bus arrival, or the aother facilities, but the governor try to solve those kind problems to attract people use Transjakarta. From

2 6 buying a new bus, using eticket, adding a WiFi in corridor 1 and 9, or adding more shelters. From bps.go.id, at the beginning of Transjakarta started (which in 2004), the passenger in corridor 1 (Blok M Kota) only reach around per day, with the total passenger people at that year. In 2012, the total passenger in corridor 1 is increasing to people. So, in 8 years the passenger increasing people or 36,32 % [5]. That is the proof that people already depend on using Transjakarta rather than private transportation or another public transportation Transjakarta Routes From TransJakarta official website ( there are 12 corridors of TransJakarta that currently working. These are the list of corridors: Corridor 1 (BlokM - Kota) Corridor 2 (Pulo Gadung Harmoni) Corridor 3 (Kalideres Pasar Baru) Corridor 4 (Pulo Gadung Dukuh Atas) Corridor 5 (Ancol Kampung Melayu) Corridor 6 (Ragunan Dukuh Atas) Corridor 7 (Kampung Rambutan Kampung Melayu) Corridor 8 (Lebak Bulus Harmoni) Corridor 9 (Pinang Ranti Pluit) Corridor 10 (Tanjung Priok PGC 2) Corridor 11 (Pulo Gebang Kampung Melayu) Corridor 12 (Pluit Tanjung Priok) To enhance the facility, TransJakarta plans to expand the routes by adding three more corridors, which are :

3 7 Corridor 13 (BlokM Pondok Kelapa) Corridor 14 (Manggarai Universitas Indonesia) Corridor 15 (Ciledug BlokM) Besides all of the corridor lists above, there are some various alternative corridor to enhance the operational of TransJakarta. These corridors actually the combination of two or three corridors above. These are the list of the corridors: Corridor 2A (Pulo Gadung Bundaran Senayan) Corridor 2B (Kalideres Pulo Gadung) Corridor 3A (Kalideres Bundaran Senayan) Corridor 4A (Dukuh Atas 2 Pulo Gadung) Corridor 4B (Dukuh Atas 2 TU Gas) Corridor 5A (Harmoni Ancol) Corridor 6A (Ragunan Monas) Corridor 6B (Pulo gadung Ragunan) Corridor 7A (PGC Harmoni) Corridor 7B (PGC Ancol) Corridor 8A (Grogol 2 Harmoni) Corridor 8B (Lebak Bulus Harmoni) Corridor 9B (PGC Grogol 2) 2.2 Android Platform Technology, something that people cannot live without it. It helps people to achieve what they want so easily nowadays, like sending an , watch video, playing game, or calling someone just in one device.nowadays, the development of technology in our life is more advanced. As we can see right now, there are smart

4 8 TVor smartphone that exists to fullfill their tertiary needs. Smartphone is the most popular technology that people tend to buy. There are many kinds of smartphones such as, Iphone, Blackberry, Nokia Windows Phone, Nokia Asha, HTC, etc. One of the smart phone just stated before is using Android as an operating system. What is Android? Android is a linux based operating system which usually being used in a smartphone or tablet. Android currently maintained by Google [6]. Year by year, android is being more popular in any mobile devices company. The company such as Sony, HTC, Samsung, and Nexus are using android as their operating system of their devices. Android is the big competitor of Iphone from Apple. People always comparing those two brands in term of mobile devices. But, Robinson stated that by July 2011, 100 million people already activating Android smartphone, a year later the number is increasing become 500 million people, while in May 2013 become 900 millions people [7] Android SDK SDK is the abreviation of Software Development Kit. Android SDK is a set of tools which has been provided by Android so that the developer can develop an Android application. Android SDK provides Android SDK Manager (android sdk), the AVD Manager (android avd), the emulator (emulator), and the Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (ddms) [8] Android Versions Android Alpha Android Alpha already known as Android 1.0. This is the beginning of Android version and the features of this version actually already exist in other smartphone. Android Alpha set the framework for what Android could do. It

5 9 enabled camera support, WiFi, Bluetooth, folders, a web browser, notifications, voice dialing, YouTube, alarm clock, gallery, instant messaging, media player, and the whole Google apps array and Android Market [9]. Android Beta Android Beta is the next name of Android version, and also known as Android 1.1. In this version, Android only focus on fixing bug and improving the API. The only new feature is people can save an attachment in message [9]. Android CupCake Android CupCake or Android 1.5 is the third version of Android. In this version, Android allowed people to use different keyboards, introduced widgets for home screen, picture and video recording in different formats, copy and paste, auto-rotation, and many more [9]. Android Donut Android Donut or Android 1.6 is the last release of version 1.X. In this version, Android updates in text, voice, and searching. The release also supported WVGA screen resolutions, which is equivalent to 800 x 480 [9].

6 10 Android Eclair Android Eclair also known as Android 2.0/2.1. In version 2.0, Android makes a big changes, such as extended account sync for multiple accounts, exchange support, Bluetooth 2.1, new camera features, an improved Android keyboard, optimizations for speed, a revamped user interface, a refreshed browser with HTML5 support, and support for live wallpapers. For Android 2.1, Android only focus on fixing bugs [9]. Android Froyo Android Froyo is a code name for Android 2.2. Android Froyo make some changes like using a new kernel, the addition of the JIT (just-in-time) compiler for even more speed, integration of the V8 JavaScript engine in the browser, support for push notifications, better Exchange support, USB tethering and WiFi hotspot, voice dialing over Bluetooth, support for screens of up to 320 ppi, and Adobe Flash support [9]. Android Ginger Bread Android Ginger Bread is a code name for Android 2.3. It launched 11 months after Android Froyo was published. Thhis version provides an improvement in support for resolutions of 1280 x 768 and higher, SIP Internet calls, support for multiple cameras, enhanced copy and paste functionality, revamped UI, voice and video support for Google Talk, garbage collection for increased performance, and support for near field communication [9].

7 11 Android Honeycomb Android Honeycomb is the code name for Android 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3. This Android version is created for tablet only, so it has a new user interface and the improvements to make the tablet easier to be used. [9]. Android Ice Cream Sandwich Android Ice Cream Sandwich is the code name for Android 4.0. The release introduced the ability to use software buttons on the touchscreen instead of hardware buttons for things like Home, Back, and Menu. Performance was also significantly improved, and the UI portion of the operating system was hardware-rendered. It also introduced WiFi Direct and 1080p video recording [9]. Android Jelly Bean This version is a code name for Android 4.1. The improvements in this the user interface and performance, using items such as touch anticipation, enhanced vsync timing, triple buffering in the graphics pipelines, enhancements to Android Beam, addition of Google Now, multichannel audio, and USB audio [9]. Android Kit Kat This code name for Android 4.4 is making many improvements. From battery memory management, Google Now, Google Hangouts upgraded, lock screen

8 12 art, built-in sensor, system-wide close captioning, printing on the go, integrating with cloud, immersive mode, and smarter caller ID [10]. Android Lollipop The latest version of Android or also a code name for Android 5.0. Actually this version is not release yet by the Android. But, the Android already announced the code name for this version. 2.3 Internet Internet is the abbreviation of interconnection-networking. It is made up of millions of computers from all around the world, linked to each other by a network of telephone lines, cables and satellite connections [11].For that to work, they use a common language called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). So, in a big picture, internet is the connector between one computer and other computers around the world to send one or many informations. 2.4 World Wide Web If internet is the system of how computer can interact each other, hence World Wide Web or the is the service that we use in internet. Since webwere developed for everyone in April 1993, it changed the way we teach and learn, buy and sell, inform and are informed, agree and disagree, share and collaborate, meet and love, and tackle problems ranging from putting food on our tables to curing cancer [12]. 2.5 Cloud Computing According to Interoute, cloud computing means the phrase used to describe different scenarios in which computing resource is delivered as a service over a

9 13 network connection (usually, this is the internet). Cloud computing is therefore a type of computing that relies on sharing a pool of physical and/or virtual resources, rather than deploying local or personal hardware and software [13]. Nowadays, many developers tend to use the cloud computing because cloud computing offers the flexibility in term of the system can adapt to the changes in workload. Not only that, cloud computing also offers many advantages to a developer such as data security, efficiency in term of application sharing with other colleagues, or automatic updates to the server. There are 3 deployment models of cloud computing and 3 service models of cloud computing. The 3 deployment models are public cloud, which is a model that can be accessed by many people over the internet via public network. Next is private cloud, which is the reverse of public cloud. Private cloud is using the private network so that only a certain people that can access it. The last one is hybrid cloud, which is the combination of pubic and private clouds. Interoute said that a hybrid cloud allows a company to maximise their efficiencies; by utilising the public cloud for nonsensitive operations while using a private setup for sensitive or mission critical operations, companies can ensure that their computing setup is ideal without paying any more than is necessary [13]. The 3 service models of cloud computing are Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). SaaS is a software delivery model in which applications are hosted (usually by a provider) and made available to customers over a network connection [13]. Many developers use SaaS model to build a web based application like Facebook, Twitter, etc. PaaS is a model that developer needed to build an application over the internet. The last one is

10 14 IaaS, which is the model that usually needed to delivery of vitualised computing resource as a service over the internet. IaaS usually used for computing infrastructure, hardware, etc Parse According to Parse.com, Parse is acloud platformthat lets app developers quickly and easily integrate a lot of complicated, scalable server-side functionality into their products [14].Parse itself has 3 main products for the user, 1. Core, parse productm where user can store data and run the code on remote server. 2. Push, parse product where the developer can send push notification to the application user via an API or web composer. 3. Analytics, parse product to track events from the application and get valuable information to be documented. 2.6 GPS GPS is the abbreviaion of Global Positioning System. GPS is a a satellite-based radio navigation system developed and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense [15]. GPS permits land, sea, and airborne users to determine their position, velocity and the time 24 hours a day, in all weather, anywhere in the world [15]. 2.7 Location Based Service Location Based Service is a software application for a mobile device that requires knowledge about where the mobile device is located [16]. So, by the Location Based Service, our device have some feature that can know where we are

11 15 located. This application needs Location Based Service to determine where is the position of the user, so the application can guide the user to the corridor they choose. 2.8 Integrated Development Environment (IDE) IDE is the abbreviation of Integrated Development Environment. It is an application that provides some comprehensive facilities for software developers to develop their own application. There are some example of IDE, such as Anjuta, NetBeans, Xcode, and Eclipse. 2.9 Eclipse Eclipse is a famous IDE for java developer who wants to make an application on Android Operating System. However, the developer can also use other language such as C, C++ or PHP in Eclipse. Beside tha Eclipse can support other languages, most of Android developer are using Eclipse as an environment because they think it has a free and an open source with a full support for them.