Outline of Numbering in Japan. April 2010 SATO Kenji JICA Expert

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1 Outline of Numbering in Japan April 2010 SATO Kenji JICA Expert 1

2 Contents 1. Outline of Current Situation and Basic Policy of Numbering 2. MNP (Mobile Number Portability) 3. Numbering Issues for NGN Era - FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence) - ENUM 2

3 1.Outline of Current Situation and Basic Policy of Numbering 3

4 Telecommunications Number History in Japan Until 1985 NTT (Public company) managed all telecommunications numbers 1985 Liberalization of telecommunication sector Privatization of NTT New companies started telecommunications business. Big Bang of Telecommunications business. Necessity for Making telecommunications business rules. Telecommunications Numbers were defined on regulation for telecommunications facilities (1985) 4

5 The Function of Number - Service identification (Fixed? Mobile?) - Location identification (Near? Far?) - Tariff identification (If far, charge is high) - Quality identification (If fixed, better than mobile) - Social trust identification 5

6 Regulations for Telecommunication Numbers Telecommunication Business Law Article 50 (Standards for Telecommunications Numbers) (1) When any telecommunications carrier provides telecommunications services by using telecommunications numbers (numbers, signs or other codes that telecommunications carriers use in providing their telecommunications services, for identifying telecommunications facilities in order to connect places of transmission with places of reception, or identifying types or content of telecommunications services to provide; hereinafter the same shall apply), it shall ensure that its telecommunications numbers conform to the standards specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. (2) The standards set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be specified so as to ensure the following matters: (i) The telecommunications numbers shall make it possible for telecommunications carriers and users to clearly and easily identify telecommunications facilities or types or content of the telecommunications services. (ii) Sufficient telecommunications numbers necessary for providing telecommunications services shall be secured. (iii) Changes to the telecommunications numbers shall be avoided as much as possible. (iv) The telecommunications numbers shall be used in a fair and efficient manner. 6

7 Procedures for Designation of Telecommunication Numbers Report to Minister about situation of using numbers (every year) Person who intends to launch a telecommunications business Application MIC Examination No items to be rejected Designation Application for designation of telecommunications number (Article 15) Reasons for requiring telecommunications numbers Number of telecommunications numbers required and reason Plans pertaining to the number of telecommunications numbers required Methods to manage telecommunications numbers Network diagrams Matters confirming requirements stipulated in Table 2 etc Cases where numbers are not used any longer Cases requiring additional designation Cases where contents of designation to be changed without new designation Revocation of numbers Submission of Application again Notification of changes 7

8 Telephone Numbering Plan in Japan Carrier Identification Codes 1st digit 2nd digit 3rd digit 4th digit 5th digit 6th digit 0 0 X Y Y Z N 1 N 2 Pager (Calling party Pay:CPP) C D E F G H J K IP Phone C D E F G H J K FMC C D E F G H J K PHS C D E F G H J K Mobile phone C D E F G H J K C D E F G H J K Freephone Service (Toll Free) D E F G H J D E F G H J K Message Dial Service D E F G H J Mass calling service D E F G H J Shared Cost Number Service D E F G H J Premimum Rate Service D E F G H J Fixed phone, ISDN, IP phone, Pager(not CPP) 0 A B C D E F G H J Emergency (Police) Emergency(coast guard) Emergency(Fire,Ambulance) Area Code(1-5 digits) + Local Exchange Number(0-4 digits) (In the above table, the bold type numbers are defined in the Ministrerial Ordinance The Regulation on Telecommunications Numbering and it s Notification, and the numbers masked with gray color are the parts assigned to the carriers by the Minister.) Ex. Telephone number of MIC: th digit 8th digit 9th digit 10th digit Subscriber Number 11th digit 8

9 Carrier Identification Codes (Since 1985) Connection process when you dial a carrier ID number (00XY). Long-distance company network. Connection process when you do not dial a carrier ID number. NTT network [In case of long-distance call] < NTT > 0 - area code - local exchange number - subscriber number < New Common Carrier (NCC) > 00XY area code - local exchange number subscriber number [In case of international call] 00XY CC - national number 9

10 Numbering Plan for Fixed Phone Telephone number for fixed services Trunk prefix: [0] Area code: 1 to5 digits Local exchange number: 0 to4 digits Subscriber number: 4 digits Total: 5 digits (4 digits in some areas) Ex. MIC(Tokyo): Trunk prefix Area code Local exchange number Examples of area codes 0 Tokyo-3, Osaka-6 (from January 1,1999) Yokohama-45, Kawasaki-44, Kyoto-75, Kobe-78, etc. Hachioji-426, Kure-823, Miyazaki-985, etc. Yubari-1235, Ishigaki-9808, etc. Hokkaido-13379, Seiwa-mura, Taki-gun, etc. 0 and 1 cannot be used as the first digit of an area code. 10

Abstract of Nationwide Map of Telephone Numbers Boundaries of the first-digit in the area code Sapporo Boundaries of the second-digit in the area code Ex.

11 Abstract of Nationwide Map of Telephone Numbers Boundaries of the first-digit in the area code Sapporo Boundaries of the second-digit in the area code Ex. MIC(Tokyo): Kobe Kyoto Nagoya Yokohama Kawasaki Tokyo 11: Sapporo 3: Tokyo 44: Kawasaki 45: Yokohama 52: Nagoya 6: Osaka 75: Kyoto 78: Kobe Osaka We have about 600 area codes. 11

Transition in designated telecom numbers in Japan Status of service of telecom numbers at the end of Mar. 2007 are as follows. *The total telecom carrier offering to subscribers.

12 Transition in designated telecom numbers in Japan Status of service of telecom numbers at the end of Mar are as follows. *The total telecom carrier offering to subscribers. Mobile phone use is increasing. Red indicates in service ratio of designated numbers Blue indicates number of telecom carriers Fixed phone % 32.4% 32.1% IP phone % 51.9.% 52.5% Mar PHS % 35.4% 31.2% Mar Mar mobile % 73.7% 73.6% Unit:1000 numbers 12 Source: MIC Japan

13 Example of the Change Numbers Fixed phone Numbers in Tokyo 9 to 10 digits Before After (9digits) 01/Jan/ (10 digits) Mobile phone Numbers 10 to 11 digits (January 1, 1999) 10 digits 11 digits /Jan/ Ex

14 MNP (Mobile Number Portability) 14

15 Outline of Mobile Number Portability in Japan 携帯電話の番号ポータビリティの導入 Mobile Number Portability The system allows mobile telephone users to change their carriers without changing their telephone numbers. 携帯電話事業者の Changing mobile phone 変更 carrier Carrier A 社 A Carrier B B 社 Improve user benefit Background Promote competition among mobile phone carriers ー 5678( (Ex.) 例 ) The same number 同じ電話番号を can be used 継続して利用可能 ongoingly Amendment of Rules for Telecommunication Numbers (Feb. 2006) All mobile carriers were required to implement number portability by Nov. 1, All mobile carriers launched the operation of number portability from Oct. 24, *Feb Measures were taken so that MVNO users would also be ensured of number portability (Amendment of Rules for Telecommunication Numbers) Effects of Introduction Appox million users have taken advantage of mobile number portability system. Introduction of number portability not only increased the benefit of users who use it, but also the benefit of all mobile phone users by promoting the competition among mobile carriers to release new terminals and to renew price plans, etc. 15

16 Outline of Ministerial Ordinance (Rules for Telecommunications Numbers) Outline of the Rules The Ministerial Ordinance require that all mobile phone carriers using the mobile phone numbers(080 or 090) have to take action as follows in order to implement the number portability certainly. (issued in February 2006) except for ship satellite telephone,satellite telephone,and telephone for data communication service 1 All mobile telephone carriers have to make it possible that users will change their service providers from one MNO(Mobile Network Operator) to another MNO with the same telephone number. Mobile Network Operator A 1 Mobile Network Operator B 2 All mobile telephone carriers have to make it possible that user will change their service providers from MNO to MVNO(Mobile Virtual Network Operator ) or from MVNO to MNO with the same telephone number MVNO with MNO A 3 MVNO with MNO A 3 MVNO with MNO B 3 All mobile telephone carriers have to make it possible that user will change their service providers from one MVNO to another MVNO with the same telephone number

17 The user s willingness to use the mobile number portability ( according to the research before introduction of MNP) Question1:Do you want to use the mobile number portability? Ans. I have no idea that I will change the carrier 20.8% 22.4% Ans. Probably, I think not to change the carrier. Ans. I want to change the carrier 14.6% 19.8% 22.4% Ans. I think whether to change the carrier Ans. I have no opinion Question2:Do you have the willingness to use the number portability if you must pay a usage fee? (Source: The research of mobile telephone carriers in Japan) only people to answer I want to change the carrier or I think whether to change the carrier or I have no opinion in Question1 Ans. I want to use it actively. Ans. I have no idea that I will use it 3.6% 6.1% 9.7% 19.1% 18.4% Ans. I want to use it as possible Ans. I have no opinion Ans. I don t want to use it actively. Question3: Do you have the willingness to use the number portability if you must pay the usage fee? Ans. If necessary to pay the usage fee, I accept the change of telephone number.. Ans. It depends on the usage fee which to use it or not. (Source: The research of MIC in Japan) 25.1% 43.1% 31.9% Ans. I will continue to use the same telephone number, even if pay a usage fee. 17 There are requests for the mobile number portability.(about 37~57% people have the willingness to use the number portability.) However, if the necessity to pay the usage fee of number portability, the willingness to use it becomes low and depends on the level of fee. The result of each researches show that there are about 30% people with the willingness to use the mobile number portability, even though there are difference between them. 17 2

18 The Usage Fee of Mobile Number Portability Mobile Phone Carriers NTT DoCoMo au (KDDI) Softbank e-mobile Fee for a port-out \2,100 (tax incl.) (approx.rp ) \2,100 (tax incl.) \2,100 (tax incl.) \2,100 (tax incl.) Free Fee for a port-in (However, required new contract processing fee of \3,150 (tax incl.)) Free (However, required new contract processing fee of \2,835 (tax incl.)) Free (However, required new contract processing fee of \2,835 (tax incl.)) Free (However, required new contract processing fee of \2,835 (tax incl.)) 18

19 Trends in the number of Users of Mobile Number Portability The number of users of MNP is about 8.89 million as of the end of Feb This accounts for about 8.0% of all mobile subscribers in Japan( million). per Month x About 5.5% 2 years after 38 the start About 3.4% 1 years after 31 the start About 7.1%. 3 years after the start per Month Total Total x MIC Japan

20 Transition携帯電話の番号ポータビリティの導入s of Basic Monthly Charge for Mobile Phone Carriers 基本料金は低下 Unit: yen NTT DoCoMo Softbank Mobile Price in ( ) is of no-charge call (approx. Rp ) June 1999 Nov Oct Sep ((1)) Sep ((2)) Jul Started the Mobile Number Portability * Rates are of basic plans of respective carriers NTT DoCoMo June 1999: Plan A Nov. 2005, Oct. 2006: Type S Sep. 2007: Rates apply Type S for ((1)), and Type SS Hitori demo wari 50 for ((2)). au June 1999, Nov. 2005, Oct. 2006: Komikomi One Economy Plan for CDMA 1X Sep. 2007: Rate for ((1)) apply the most discounted rate of Komikomi One Economy MY-Wari for CDMA 1X Rate for ((2)) apply Rate Type SS with Plan SS Daredemo wari. Softbank Mobile Oct. 2006: Campaign rate (9,800 yen 2,880 yen) of Gold Plan until Jan.15, 2007 Sep. 2007: White Plan (After Jan. 16, 2009) Source: Quoted from reference materials in Final Report (Mobile Business Kenkyukai, Sep. 2007) 20

21 The Reasons that Users have not changed Mobile Phone Carriers with Number Portability ( according to the research after introduction of MNP) (three answers allowed) My family, boy (girl) friend, friends use the present mobile phone company. Long-time use discount is lost. Troublesom e procedure Present attractive charge plan, etc. about making calls. A commission needed when switching to another company. The current services, contents, applications, and addresses cannot be used on another phone. Wide calling area A penalty needed for canceling the long-term use discount The present company provides attractive mobile terminals. Present attractive charge plan about use of Websites. Present attractive contents. Others Source: The web questionnaire survey in Evaluation of the Competition State in the Telecommunication Field 2006 (July 2007) 21

22 Procedures for Usage / Remained Problems Procedures for Usage 1Make reservation request for mobile number portability to carrier from which user is moving. 2Carrier from which user is moving explains beforehand the conditions, etc. of breaking the contract and explains procedures for number portability; issues reservation number. 3User takes reservation number to dealer for carrier to which they are moving and applies for a new contract through number portability. 4After the new carrier verifies the reservation number with the old carrier, the old contract is ended. 5The new carrier processes the new contract and the user receives their new mobile phone. If the procedures (for the reservation request for mobile number portability) are done in advance by phone or through the Internet, the user need only go to the dealer for the new carrier and fill out the forms needed for starting a new contract, etc. The time to proceed for a contract with number portability at the new carrier is about the same as for filling out the forms to start a new contract. Carrier from which user is moving (current contracted carrier) Dealer Call center Web site 4Contract with carrier from which user is moving is annulled after reservation number, etc. is checked 2Explanation 3Reservation prior to annulling number used contract; to apply for a explanation of new contract procedures; that allows receipt of number to be 1Reservation reservation carried over application number Procedures carried out by users themselves Procedures carried out through connection between companies 4 User Carrier to which user is moving (new contract carrier) Dealer 5New carrier processes new contract and user receives new mobile phone Remained Problems A user s current address is not portable. The services (fee plan, discount services, etc.) provided by the current contract s mobile telephone carrier will end at the same time that the contract is annulled. There are cases where contents, e-money, etc. provided by the contents service provider cannot be transferred. There are cases where an additional fee is charged when an annual contract, etc. that includes a discount service is annulled. It is necessary to obtain a mobile phone from the new mobile telephone carrier after the user s contract has been changed over. 22

23 Numbering Issues for NGN Era - FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence) - ENUM 23

24 Prospective target issues concerning numbering of NGN era (1) Identifying issues concerning the impact of NGN on numbering plans 24

25 Prospective target issues concerning numbering of NGN era (2) Issue1. Accommodating new trend caused by NGN Variety of terminals For example, M2M communication, in which the target for identification is extended from human users to machines) Diverse type of applications They will be provided through open interfaces such as ANI and SVI. Identification information differing from E.164 numbers there are chances that might be developed. Point of views at this stage; Basically E.164 will be kept using (at this stage). It should be systematized in order to accommodate the issues above. 25

26 Prospective target issues concerning numbering of NGN era (3) Issue2. Meaning of service identification As tariff identification, which places its basis on the distinction of numbering range (ex: fixed telephone number, mobile number, or IP phone number), is bound to become rather pointless. the meaning of service identification will need to be re-examined. The Function of Number - Service identification - Location identification - Tariff identification - Quality identification - Social trust identification How should these role should be considered in NGN Era? 26

27 Users Demand to Phone Number in Japan Is it necessary to see the type of services (i.e. mobile or fixed) from numbers? Is it necessary to be able to guess the distance from numbers? Probably unnecessary 0.9% Unnecessary 3.2% Probably unnecessary 2.5% Unnecessary 2.4% No opinion 4.5% No opinion 6.6% Probably necessary 26.1% Necessary 65.4% Probably necessary 30.9% Necessary 57.6% Is it necessary to be able to guess the amount of charges from numbers? Probably unnecessary 5.5% Unnecessary 5.5% Is it necessary to keep quality of fixed phone services high? Probably no 1.2% No opinion 20.8% No 0.7% Do you trust users of fixed phone because you can identify their locat Probably no 3.0% No 7.8% No opinion 11.8% Probably necessary 40.3% Necessary 36.9% Probably yes 27.0% Yes 67.8% No opinion 20.8% Probably yes 36.9% Yes 57.6% 2005 User s survey by MIC 27

28 Numbering in NGN era 1. Function of Numbers; Keep or Not? Function of number Point of view Transitional period After transition Service identification (ex. Fixed or Mobile) Most users think it s necessary. Keep Keep Location identification No need to keep location identification for routing, but most users want it. keep Keep but reconsider boundaries for efficient allocation. Tariff identification So far, users can guess charges by identifying services or distance, but in NGN, difference of charges will be getting smaller. Keep as long as differences of charges among services exist. No need to keep it after all charges become same. Quality identification At the present time, quality of fixed phone expected to be better than that of mobile phone in general, and quality of fixed phone should be better than that of IP phone. Keep as long as differences of quality among services exist. No need to keep it after all quality becomes same. Social trust identification As location of fixed phone users can be identified, they have some more social trust than users of only mobile phone. Keep to identify Fixed terminal. Keep to identify Fixed terminal. 2.Numbers for New services What number should be allocated to new services will be considered one by one, thinking of their characters from the point of users view, at the time their systems become clear. 28

29 Example <So Far> How to Designate Number to FMC? (Japanese Experience)(1) When User A is out 090 to mobile phone Mobile Network 090 outdoor User B 050 to IP phone GW IP phone network When User A is indoor 050 番号 <FMC (Transition Period to NGN> Only one number is used Home Location Register indoor When User A is out 090 to Both mobile and IP Phone Mobile Network Outdoor GW When User A is indoor User B IP Network Wireless Lan Indoor

30 How to Designate Number to FMC? (Japanese Experience)(2) Example <FMC (NGN> Only one number is used When User A is out 090 to Both mobile and IP Phone Location Management Server Outdoor User B Core Network When User A is indoor Wireless Lan Indoor 30 30

31 How to Designate Number to FMC? (Japanese Experience)(3) Points to be Considered 1. New number should be designated to new services. 2. Numbers already designated can be used unless users are not confused*. * Numbers are expected to make it possible for users to identify services, tariff, location, quality and social trust. Process of Consideration 1 Designate New Number? New numbers should be designated to new services. 0A0 is for location free services 2 Use current Number? - Location free number (080/090(Cellular) 070(PHS) 050(IP Phone) Is it convenient for users? - Fixed phone number (0AB) Is Influence to users expected to be small from the viewpoints of distinction services, tariff, location, quality and social trust? 060 will be designated. 050,070,080&090 can be used with some conditions 0AB~J cannot be used at this stage. Reconsidered as the need arises when migration to NGN progresses 31

32 Situation of ENUM in Japan(1) <Trial> 2003 ENUM Trial Japan (ETJP) was established. Participants Companies, organizations, and individuals who hope to contribute to ETJP activities Purpose Perform ENUM trials to ensure functioning and feasibility of basic technical facility Demonstration of technology for international use (in 2006, implemented trial to connect oversea by 1.8.e164.arpa) Accumulation and sharing of know-how about ENUM DNS operation for ENUM Trial Feasibility test of communication applications (device, software) using ENUM Feasibility test of communication services Results Technical verification Communication devices and software provided by participants Communication services Clarification and consideration of relevant issues 32

33 Situation of ENUM in Japan(2) <Problems found After Trial> There is no serious technological problem found in trials, but comments of many companies participating ENUM trial are - ENUM is a good idea, but not necessary to provide IP phone services at this stage. - There is no clear prospect that the ENUM market is growing in the future - Privacy and security issues are still remain as big problems to be solved. - Need to watch trend in other countries At the present time in Japan There is no company which actually provide ENUM services. After 2006, few activities can be seen. 33

Explanation of Important Matters Concerning Provided Services

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