Open Source as a Platform for 5G Networks

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1 Open Source as a Platform for 5G Networks Juha Oravainen, Head of Open Source SW for Cloud, Nokia Tapio Tallgren, Lead Architect, Nokia Nokia

2 Agenda What is going on in 5G 5G Architecture concepts Open source in 5G networks 5G use cases Nokia

3 What is going on in 5G Nokia

Timeline of 5G Introduction First 5G Standard in March 18 (NSA) and Sept 18 (SA) 5GTF Industry specs 3GPP 5G Rel 15 3GPP 5G Rel 16 Standards roadmap March 18 accelerated ASN.

1 5G IoT (beyond LTE-M and NB-IoT use cases) NSA (Opt. 4 & 7) ASN.

4 Timeline of 5G Introduction First 5G Standard in March 18 (NSA) and Sept 18 (SA) 5GTF Industry specs 3GPP 5G Rel 15 3GPP 5G Rel 16 Standards roadmap March 18 accelerated ASN.1, embb, NSA, L1/L2 only Sept 2018: Full ASN.1 freeze for full 5G feature set (incl. SA) NSA content NSA (Opt. 3) SA ASN.1 ASN.1 5G IoT (beyond LTE-M and NB-IoT use cases) NSA (Opt. 4 & 7) ASN.1 3GPP 5G Rel 17 >40 GHz Optimized standard completing full 5G vision 5G Fixed Wireless Access Industry roadmap Pre-standard 5G Start Extreme Mobile Broadband First standards-based 5G deployments Ultra reliable Low latency Standards-based 5G mass roll-out Massive machine communication Nokia

5 3GPP 5G architecture options EPC 5G-CN 3 EPC 5G CN 3a EPC Can supp. DC/1A DC/3C E-UTRA NR E-UTRA Non-Standalone / LTE assisted, EPC connected 7 EPC 5G CN 7a EPC 5G CN NR 5G CN 3x 7x EPC E-UTRA EPC 5G CN 5G CN NR Non Standalone Options Non-standalone (NSA) Option 3 family by 03/2018 LTE 5G Can supp. DC/3C DC/1A E-UTRA NR E-UTRA Non-Standalone / LTE assisted, 5G CN connected NR E-UTRA NR 3GPP Prioritized options EPC 5G-CN 4 EPC 5G CN 4a EPC 5G CN 5G CN 2 5 5G CN E-UTRA Can supp. DC/3C NR S1-MME S1-U NG2 (CP) NG3 (UP) E-UTRA Non-Standalone / NR assisted, 5G CN connected Xx-C Xx-U Xn-C Xn-U DC/1A NR NR Standalone NR/ 5G CN connected E-UTRA Standalone elte, 5G CN connected Standalone options Standalone Option 2 by 09/2018 LTE 5G Nokia

6 5G NR chipsets for trials and demos Expected technology timeline mmwave GHz - NSA TBC D L T 28 GHz - NSA I D T L SA I T Sub6GHz TDD 3.5 GHz - NSA 3.5 GHz - SA I D T I T T L L Other Freqs - NSA TBC D T L LowBand <1GHz L I D T IODT Start Estimated Demo Estimated (FPGAs) Trial start L L NSA Commercial Samples (Chipsets) SA+ NSA Commercial Samples (Chipsets) Nokia Public

7 Motivations for NSA and SA Deployments Why Dual Connectivity with NSA? Option 3x LTE+5G under EPC EPC Why Standalone SA? Option 2 SA 5G under 5GC NSA = Non-Standalone SA = Standalone 5G core LTE 5G 5G Available 6 months earlier than SA Existing EPC core used Existing LTE idle mode used Data rate aggregation LTE + 5G VoLTE in LTE 5G end-to-end for new services Lower latency without LTE leg Lower setup time in 5G No need for LTE network upgrades Nokia

8 New user demands with extremely diverse requirements 5G is more than 1 generation ahead of LTE Devices 1.5 GB/day Smart Factories 1 PB/day Billions of sensors connected Autonomous driving 1ms latency Design and architecture principles: flexible scalable automated cloud native software centric dynamic network slicing 8 Nokia 2017 Public

9 Network Architecture Evolution Towards 5G Today BTS Large number Very few Core Current radio is distributed Current core is centralized Target BTS Radio processing Edge cloud Core processing Core Radio more centralized for faster scalability Core more distributed for low latency 9

10 Speed of Light is the Limit Content Must be Close to the Radio ms ,1 Round trip time in fiber 5G target is 1 ms round trip time 100 km two-way propagation delay in optical fiber is to 1 ms 10 km propagation delay to 0.1 ms 0, km 100 km 10 km Content must be close to the radio (within a few 10 km) to get full benefit from the 1-ms round trip time in the radio Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) and Local break out will be needed 10

Trade off between latency reduction and growing transport requirements 5G radio architecture options for cloud RAN gnb RF RF RF Challenging RF Radio site Layer 1 Layer 2 low Layer 2 high Layer 3 10

11 Trade off between latency reduction and growing transport requirements 5G radio architecture options for cloud RAN gnb RF RF RF Challenging RF Radio site Layer 1 Layer 2 low Layer 2 high Layer 3 10 Gbps >5 ms Layer 1 Layer 2 low 10 Gbps 5 ms Layer 2 high Layer 1 low 100 Gbps <1 ms Layer 1 high Layer 2 1 Tbps <0.1 ms Layer 1 low Layer 1 high Layer 2 Classical distributed Layer 3 High layer split Layer 3 ecpri Low layer split Layer 3 CPRI Baseband hotel Edge cloud Transport Nokia Public

12 Nokia Public 5G Trial examples

Operators around the world already trialing 5G use cases 50+ engagements with global early adopters NAM EMEA APAC AT&T Multi-phase field trials with E2E 5G lab tests - 28, 39 and 73 GHz Berlin

13 Operators around the world already trialing 5G use cases 50+ engagements with global early adopters NAM EMEA APAC AT&T Multi-phase field trials with E2E 5G lab tests - 28, 39 and 73 GHz Berlin stadium event - 5G powered entertainment in collaboration with DT KT-Korea pre-olympic Games 5G mobile trial at 28GHz in 2018 Verizon pioneering tests with pre-standard 5G. First to complete pre 3GPP radio specification Field coverage tests at 28GHz. KDDI Nokia and KDDI trial 5G with AirScale radio for wireless ultra-broadband in megacities Docomo - MIIT - 8K video over 5G radio, testing all frequency bands, from <6 GHz to mmwave. 5GTF based OTA between Nokia BTS and Intel UE supporting OZO Live video stream January 2018: Nokia to supply 5G NR based equipment to Docomo Extensive testing on massive MIMO, new waveform, network slicing and MEC 13 Nokia 2017 Public

14 5G Trial Example Nokia

15 5G Trial Video Nokia

16 Trial network Nokia

17 5G Architecture Concepts Nokia Public

Edge & Central Data Centers Access Sites Edge DCs cbts + EPC Central DCs Far Edge Aggregate Edge Regional Central 100-1000 s of sites Smallest footprint Low power budget 10-100 s of sites Small

18 Edge & Central Data Centers Access Sites Edge DCs cbts + EPC Central DCs Far Edge Aggregate Edge Regional Central s of sites Smallest footprint Low power budget s of sites Small footprint Medium power budget Few sites Large footprint High power budget 3 sites, Large footprint High power budget Low latency, hardware acceleration for advanced signal processing and terabit throughput Different topology and size, same Edge DC design and capabilities Control plane functions, applications and content delivery can use general purpose cloud computing Different topology and size, same Central DC design and capabilities Nokia

19 Flexible, innovative and open massive scale access Classical BTS Common Cloud Native SW across all different product types Stand alone solution for small scale 5G Open Interfaces allowing multivendor capabilities Adaptive antenna Non cloud or virtualized Towards 4G X2 Zero touch and full automation through open API into analytics, AI and xran controller AI & Analytics Management & Orchestration Cloud BTS vran1.0 Radios connected to radio cloud Adaptive antenna RealTime BB F1 Towards 4G Core Cloud Data Center X2 Cloud Optimized BTS Full Cloud BTS vran2.0 Radios connect directly to radio cloud RT function embedded in the AAS Radios connected directly to radio cloud Adaptive antenna + L2RT BB Adaptive antenna F1 Edge Cloud RT enabled E1 Data Center or Edge Cloud xran Controller Open API Collaborat e Innovate Open Ecosystem Network Co-create Customize Nokia Public

20 Open source in 5G networks Nokia Public

Nokia is leading the Telco ecosystem towards openness. We see openness as a way to accelerate our Time to Market and enhance our technology leadership.

21 Nokia is leading the Telco ecosystem towards openness. We see openness as a way to accelerate our Time to Market and enhance our technology leadership. I know many of us still feel uncertain about openness, and this is understood as a major mindset change for many NOKIA people. Marc Rouanne. President, Nokia Mobile Networks Nokia Public

How openness powers 5G Faster service/feature creation & faster time to market Open interfaces Open HW & SW Reference Architectures Open Source software Open Ecosystem Scalability on cloud for faster

22 How openness powers 5G Faster service/feature creation & faster time to market Open interfaces Open HW & SW Reference Architectures Open Source software Open Ecosystem Scalability on cloud for faster and more affordable mobile broadband Automation for lower cost of ownership (TCO) Lower vendor lock-in Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) Cloud + NFV + SDN Investment on differentiating features Nokia

ETSI NFV reference architectural framework OSS/BSS Service, VNF and Infrastructure Description Os-Ma Se-Ma NFV Management and Orchestration NFV Orchestrator Or-Vnfm EMS 1 EMS 2 EMS 3 Ve-Vnfm VNF

23 ETSI NFV reference architectural framework OSS/BSS Service, VNF and Infrastructure Description Os-Ma Se-Ma NFV Management and Orchestration NFV Orchestrator Or-Vnfm EMS 1 EMS 2 EMS 3 Ve-Vnfm VNF Manager(s) VNF 1 VNF 2 VNF 3 Or-Vi NFVI Vn-Nf Vi-Vnfm Virtual Computing Computing Hardware Virtual Storage Virtualisation Layer Vl-Ha Storage Hardware Virtual Network Hardware resources Network Hardware Nf-Vi Virtualized Infrastructure Manager(s) Nokia Execution reference points Other reference points Main NFV reference points

24 Always open Delivering on 5G promises Open interfaces open APIs for 3 rd party plug-ins and data exposure Open community collaboration + data democracy Nokia openness approach Open analytics data-powered everything for cognitive control Nokia Public

25 Nokia Public Open Interfaces 3GPP, xran, ONAP

Interim Target Cloud Architecture New controller to enable new

26 Implementation for making xran a reality RAN split options under study Management & Orchestration A1 X RAN Controller B1 CU-CP Nokia Interim Target Cloud Architecture New controller to enable new valueadded services RRH Open FH BBU F1 E1 CU-UP Front haul split X+C=O Nokia

27 ONAP Common management and orchestration Nokia Public

28 Nokia Public Open community TiP, OPNFV, OCP

29 TiP OpenCellular Nokia Public

30 Telecom Infrastructure Project's OpenCellular demo at MWC OpenCellular Open source base station html Community hosted OSS Nokia Public

31 Kuha: Tabost Site Isle of Lewis The Place The Coverage ** The Man (Donald) The SupervisorsThe Router 2.8 Km 1.6 Km The Cell ** With 1800MHz band 31 Nokia 2017

32 OPNFV telco gradeness verified 32 Nokia 2017

33 Open Compute Project Community-developed hardware 33 Nokia 2017

34 Infrastructure Maintenance & Upgrade: Zero VNF Downtime with OPNFV Doctor on OCP Hardware Open Rack V1 and V2 compatible 34 Nokia 2017

35 Nokia Public Open analytics Acumos

36 Acumos Nokia

37 AI and HW Nokia

38 Accelerators are coming to OpenStack! Nokia Public

39 ReefShark Baseband processing creating a Terabit BTS Triples cell site from 28 to 84 Gbps per module R2 30x LTE cells Cabinet R3 36x LTE cells 4 units 40nm R4 144x LTE cells 1 unit 28nm ReefShark Baseband SoC 16nm Equal to >4x existing SoC Enabling a terabit BTS Build as you grow 65nm AirScale system module capacity 84 Gbps AirScale BTS capacity Reduction in baseband power consumption up to 6 Tbps 64% Nokia Public

Optimization time Embedding AI into the architecture We bring AI onto the chips sets network optimization in ns Dynamic QoS mgmt. Multi-cell interference mgmt.

40 Optimization time Embedding AI into the architecture We bring AI onto the chips sets network optimization in ns Dynamic QoS mgmt. Multi-cell interference mgmt. mmimo gains Traditional processors AI optimized processor Optimization time Link adaptation Open APIs AI algorithms 5G Future X ns us Time to react ms Nokia Public

41 In summary Old news: VNFs are mainly open source based Cloud infrastructure is even more open source based New news: open source that innovates in radio access networks Commodity hardware Remote radio head + base band unit split xran controller DIY base station installations Market place for AI algorithms (to optimize 5G networks etc) In addition, we have hardware that supports machine learning at the edge Nokia

42 Nokia Public 5G Use Cases

Use case driver perception still changes frequently as new concepts and ideas emerge 2017 ranking of 5G use case drivers* Extreme mobile broadband Real-time gaming Tactile low latency touch & Massive

43 Use case driver perception still changes frequently as new concepts and ideas emerge 2017 ranking of 5G use case drivers* Extreme mobile broadband Real-time gaming Tactile low latency touch & Massive IoT Augmented reality or VR HD and UHD video Fixed-wireless broadband Autonomous driving Factory automation Medical emergency situations Disaster allerts 5% 38% 33% 48% 67% 62% 57% * 81% 81% 81% Expected timing of volume deployment onwards *) Source: IHS 5G Strategies Global Service provider Survey 2017; n=21; % of ranking important/very important **) Compared to 2015/16 43 Nokia 2017 Public

5G early market use cases Dedicated use cases Highway use cases Public transport use cases Dense city area use cases Drones Hotspots Home Healthcare

44 5G early market use cases Dedicated use cases Highway use cases Public transport use cases Dense city area use cases Drones Hotspots Home Healthcare Hotspots Truck platooning In-vehicle infotainment 8K video streaming VR/AR Structural 5G deployment area 5G use case Industry Events 44 Nokia 2017 Public

Digital Smart City: LuxTurrim5G mmw access points in every light

Sensors Video 5G mmw Access Point gnb, sbh wbh sbh µmec AI

15 Gb per sector Local AI services: -sensor fusion -video

45 Digital Smart City: LuxTurrim5G mmw access points in every light pole 5G Base station with sensors, cameras, sbh, sbh sbh sbh sbh Sensors Video 5G mmw Access Point gnb, sbh wbh sbh µmec AI Screen Nokia Fiber On 73 GHz frequency, four sectors and 15 Gb per sector Local AI services: -sensor fusion -video analytics -autonomous traffic -RN optimization - 5G Core Fiber(/wireless)

Telia announcement about the esport demo done in the 5G Innovation Lab Espoo "5G a game changer for the gaming industry" The 5G gaming experience, conducted by Telia and Nokia over a test 5G network

46 Telia announcement about the esport demo done in the 5G Innovation Lab Espoo "5G a game changer for the gaming industry" The 5G gaming experience, conducted by Telia and Nokia over a test 5G network at Nokia Campus 5G Innovation Lab in Espoo, Finland, was one of the first to use 5G for esports Latency, steady connection Steady full HD streaming 5G makes it possible to play over the mobile network Press releases: Nokia Link to Youtube video of the event:

47 Nokia Public Summary

48 How openness powers 5G Faster service/feature creation & faster time to market Open interfaces Open HW & SW Reference Architectures Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) Open Source software Open Ecosystem The way in which applications, networks and services will be built in the future is changing rapidly Openness is key to success in the future Cloud + NFV + SDN Investment on differentiating features Nokia

Making 5G a commercial reality

Making 5G a commercial reality Dr. Brahim GHRIBI Head of Government Relation Middle East & Africa Nokia 1 Nokia 2016 Public The journey for human technology Mobile networks today and tomorrow Mobile Voice