JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.393, ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 6, July 2014

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1 SMART BLUETOOTH AND GSM BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM MAYUR GUPTA* MUKUL SHAHI** *Dept. of Instrumentation & Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal, India **Dept. of Instrumentation & Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal, India ABSTRACT As technology is advancing so houses are also getting smarter. Modern houses are gradually shifting from conventional switches to centralized control system, involving wireless controlled switches. Presently, conventional wall switches located in different parts of the house makes it difficult for the user to go near them to operate. Even more it becomes more difficult for the elderly or physically handicapped people to do so. Remote controlled home automation system provides a simpler solution with Android application technology.the controlling of household appliances can be done using two ways. One is using the Bluetooth module and the other using a GSM module. Bluetooth module can provide controlling by receiving signal from an Android application whereas GSM can provide controlling via text messages. KEYWORDS: Home Automation, Bluetooth, GSM 1. INTRODUCTION With the development of reform and opening up, and the improvement of living standard, different kinds of home appliances have entered our life. Meanwhile, it poses some problems such as how to efficiently utilize and supervise these home appliances to improve the standard and quality of our life. Meanwhile, as electronics grows, the gorgeous processing capacity and network communicating capacity could comfortably access GPRS and Internet, which is feasible and practical. The remote intelligent controlling and monitoring system of home appliances based on embedded computer, is not only small in size, powerful in function, but low in cost. The concept of smart home is an emerging issue to the modern technology dependent society. Remote control technologies are widely used to control household electronic appliances without walking up to them. Controlling household appliances through computer can also be a possible solution. However, it cannot fulfil the current demand which is to control them from remote places. The advantages of GSM and Bluetooth technology is a potential solution for such remote controlling activities. 424

2 Home automation systems are a result of an attempt to enhance the standards of living around and inside the house and were made possible by the breakthrough in the area of integrated circuits and microprocessors. These systems provide the consumers with increased security and safety, economic benefit through energy control, and convenience by giving them control over every piece of domestic electrical equipment in the house. Literature reveals that the main objective for using GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) network for the communication between the home and the users(and vice versa) is its wide spread coverage which makes the whole system online for almost all the time. Home security system is needed for occupants convenience and safety. This system allows real time control and makes it more compatible compared to existing systems. The suggested system is highly flexible and allows many devices to be controlled in different application areas. The Bluetooth wireless technology is set to revolutionize the way people perceive digital devices in our homes and office environment. Now they are no longer just the individual devices; instead, with the embedded Bluetooth technology, they form a network in which appliances can communicate with each other. This wireless technology is especially useful in home environment, where there exists hardly any infrastructure to interconnect intelligent appliances. It could be suitably used for home automation in a cost-effective manner. 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Home automation provides a better use of electricity. The efficient use of electricity makes the home automation to play an important role in daily life. As by the growth of PC (personal computers), internet, mobile phone and wireless technology makes it easy for a user to remotely access and controls the appliances. So Bluetooth and GSM module are used for home automation 2.1 BLUETOOTH Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs) Bluetooth is a global standard for wireless connectivity. Bluetooth technology facilitates the replacement of the cables used to connect one device to another, with one universal shortrange radio link operating in the unlicensed 2.45 GHz ISM band. The main objectives of Bluetooth technology can be described as follows, 425

3 Cable replacement: Getting rid of the various types of cables and wires required for interconnectivity between various devices would enable the lay man to use all electronic devices without wasting time and money. Small size: the Bluetooth device is very small so that it can be attached to any device required like the cell phones without adding much to the weight of the system. Low cost: Bluetooth is aimed to be a low cost device approximately $5 in the near future. Low power: The utilization of power is very less (within 100 mw) as it is short range equipment and so it facilitates the use of small batteries for its usage. Besides the characteristics mentioned above, Bluetooth can imitate a universal bridge to attach the existing data networks, and also as a mechanism for forming ad-hoc networks. Designed to operate in noisy frequency environments, the Bluetooth radio uses a fast acknowledgement and frequency hopping scheme to make the link robust. 2.2 GSM BASICS GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM supports voice calls and data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbps, together with the transmission of SMS (Short Message Service). The GSM standard was developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks, and originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. This was expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuit-switched transport, then packet data transport via GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution or EGPRS). Subsequently, the 3GPP developed third generation (3G) UMTS standards followed by fourth generation (4G) LTE Advanced standards, which are not part of the ETSI GSM standard. GSM module is a kind of mobile Terminal Equipment (TE), and also needs the SIM card like the mobile phone, which can control the calling service, short messages and telephone book, the data business, the complementary business, faxing and so on via RS232 to send AT commands. AT commands start with AT and end with <CR>(the following text will omit <CR> except for sending the short message). If the command is executed correctly, TE returns OK string, otherwise, ERROR string. 426

4 GSM is a standard for digital mobile telephony developed in Europe to substitute the existing analog mobile telephony technology. GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication and has gained worldwide popularity. GSM offers three categories of services. The first category is related to the transportation of data to or from an ISDN terminal. The second category is referred to as Tele-services (includes services such as telephony and SMS). The third category is referred to as supplementary service (includes services such as caller identification, call forwarding). This allows hardware designers to use their creativity to provide the actual functionality. 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS All digital circuit require regulated power supply. For that purpose step down transformer is used that converts 230V AC to 12 V. A rectifier is further used that converts given AC signal to DC signal. A bridge rectifier that converts a full wave i.e. both the positive & the negative half cycle into DC thus it is much more efficient than Half Wave Rectifier & that too without using a center tapped transformer thus much more cost effective than Full Wave Rectifier. The filter capacitor of 1000 microfarad and voltage rating of 25V is used for filtering of undesirable frequencies. Then IC 7805 is used which is an integrated 3-terminal positive fixed linear voltage regulator. It gives output voltage of 5V. A crystal oscillator is then used to provide stable clock signal. Pic18F452 Microcontroller is used whose transmitter pin is connected to the receiver pin of Bluetooth module and vice versa. Programming of PIC Microcontroller is done by using MikroC PRO for PIC software. PIN RD0-RD 3 of microcontroller is connected to four relay interfacing board. The status of relay is indicated by its inbuilt LEDs. Blu Control App is used to send signal to Bluetooth module. For each button pressed a corresponding ASCII code for the label will be send and accordingly the appliances which are connected to the four relays can be controlled. Gsm module is connected to the microcontroller for transmitting and receiving purpose. Text message is send by mobile phone is received by a GSM modem and appliances are controlled according to the message send. A security system is implemented in which the predefined numeric password is set. If the person enters wrong password then the message ( ENTERED WRONG PASSWORD ) is sent to the mobile number mentioned in the code. 427

5 Temperature sensor (LM35) is used for detecting temperature in a particular room. If the temperature in a room exceeds the specified limit as mentioned in the code then the GSM module is used to send message ( TEMPERATURE IS HIGH ) to the mobile number mentioned in the code. A DC motor is used to show speed control of DC fan by the help of GSM. Fan speed is controlled by sending the message ) to the GSM module and accordingly the speed is controlled. Two IR Sensors are used for automatic room light control for different entry and exit. First sensor is used for counting the person entering the room and the second IR sensor is used for decreasing the count when the person goes out. When there will be no person in the room the lights will be automatically switched off. Light Dependent Resistor is used to control outdoor lights. The lights will be turned on during night and will be turned off during day time. 4. RESULT The main objective of our project was to achieve remote controlling of AC appliances like bulb or television using Bluetooth module and home security, temperature detection, automatic room light control and speed control of DC fan by using the GSM module. We are able to attain the controlling of switching on and off of the appliances via text messages (with the help of a GSM SIM 900 module) and via Blu Control Android application in a mobile phone and all the above mentioned. In this part the controlling method used will be discussed. 4.1 BLUETOOTH PART The result obtained is the controlling of the LEDs on the relay board and the corresponding appliance connected to them. Also controlling the switching on and off of the appliances through bluetooth is achieved The appliances are controlled by Blu Control Android Application from our mobile phone. The following are the instructions : -When alphabet A is pressed the first led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched on. -When alphabet E is pressed - the first led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched off. 428

6 - When alphabet C is pressed the second led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched on. - When alphabet F is pressed the second led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched off. - When alphabet B is pressed the third led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched on. - When alphabet G is pressed the third led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched off. - When alphabet D is pressed the fourth led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched on. - When alphabet H is pressed the fourth led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched off. - When Up Arrow is pressed only the first and second led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched on. - When Down Arrow is pressed only the third and fourth led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched on. - When Left Arrow is pressed all four led s and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched on. - When Right Arrow is pressed only the first, second and third led and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched on. - When Centre button is pressed all four led s and the corresponding device connected to it gets switched off. Fig 1.Blu Control Android Application 4.2 GSM PART Various results which are obtained using GSM module are as follows : 429

7 4.2.1 CONTROLLING OF APPLIANCES The result obtained is the controlling of the LEDs on the relay board and the corresponding appliance connected to them. Also controlling the switching on and off of the appliances through text messages connected to the relay board is achieved. The user can control the devices by sending text messages in the prescribed format. The format is as follows: LIGHT ON - To switch on the first LED and consequently the bulb connected to it. LIGHT OFF- To switch off the first LED and consequently the bulb connected to it FAN ON- To switch on the second LED and consequently the appliance(fan) connected to it. FAN OFF- To switch off the second LED and consequently the appliance(fan) connected to it. AC ON- To switch on the fourth LED and consequently the appliance(ac) connected to it. AC OFF- To switch off the fourth LED and consequently the appliance(ac) connected to it. ALL ON- To switch on all four LED s and consequently the appliance connected to it. ALL OFF- To switch off all four LED s and consequently the appliance connected to it HOME SECURITY The password is set at the entrance door of the home. If a person enters a wrong password then the message ( ENTERED WRONG PASSWORD ) will be sent to the specified phone number SPEED CONTROL OF DC FAN The speed controlling of DC fan is achieved by sending the following text messages in the prescribed format. The format is as follows To set the fan speed to 25 To set the fan speed to 50 To set the fan speed to 75 To set the fan speed to 100 To switch off the fan TEMPERATURE DETECTION When the temperature in the room increases above a specified temperature as declared in the code then message ( TEMPERATURE IS HIGH ) will be sent to the specified phone number. 430

8 4.3 AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROL The light of a particular room will be automatically controlled with different entry and exit gates by using an IR sensor. If there will be no person in the room then the lights will be switched off automatically while if even one person is inside the room then the lights will turn on. 4.4 AUTOMATIC OUTDOOR LIGHTS Outdoor lights are automatically controlled using light dependent resistor (LDR). The lights will be turned on during night and will be turned off during day time. 5. CONCLUSION The main objective of this project is to develop a home automation system with Android application controlled remote and GSM module. Our main aim was to achieve remote controlling of AC appliances like bulb or television using Bluetooth module and home security, temperature detection, automatic room light control and speed control of DC fan by using the GSM module. We are able to attain the controlling of switching on and off of the appliances via text messages (with the help of a GSM SIM 900A module) and via Blu Control Android application in a mobile phone and all the above mentioned. Text control is achieved using the GSM SIM 900A module at the receiver end with the help of AT commands to give the instructions. This project puts forward a remote intelligent controlling and monitoring system of home appliances based on GSM and Bluetooth, which enables users to control home appliances. This system solves the problems encountered in the traditional remote controlling which will thus improve the life quality of common people. At the present time, the research of the prototype of the remote intelligent controlling system of home appliances based on GSM and Bluetooth has been carried through. This system is easy to use, flexible, low in cost, small in size, powerful in function and so on, which provides the remote controlling with wide applications and great market outlooks. With the advancement and perfection of this remote controlling system, it is of great realistic significance to put the embedded remote controlling and monitoring terminal system into use. 431

9 6. FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK 6.1 Use of internet to keep a tap on the real time status of the devices As with mobile application the system can be modified to control through internet so that the user can log in through internet to control the appliances and get real time notification of the status of the devices by using internet. GPS can also be used to track the position of the user so that the system can sense whether the user is in home or not. It will certainly improve the overall managing quality of the system and will save the user from manually activating and deactivating the devices each time he/she leaves or come to home. The devices are connected through wires but it can be connected through a Wireless Sensor Network to remove the complexity of passing the wires from one room to other. 6.2 Home Automation from the clouds A well designed home controller server running on the appropriate hardware in the cloud can be implemented. It could be an order of magnitude leap in complexity dealing with a multitasking computer operating system essentially treating the online request from your home to execute sunset lighting scene as an online transaction handled by a server process designed to retrieve appropriate context representing your home and respond with a command string your thin home client device will recognize as the correct lightning control command for your system. Thus creating a true mass market for smart home technology. 6.3 Speech Recognition Home automation can be achieved using speech recognition. Various appliances can be controlled using voice commands. By removing the need to use buttons, dials and switches, consumers can easily operate appliances with their hands full or while doing other tasks. A voice command device is a device controlled by means of the human voice. Newer voice command device are speaker-independent, so they can respond to multiple voices, regardless of accent or dialectal influences. They are also capable of responding to several commands at once, separating vocal messages, and providing appropriate feedback, accurately imitating a natural conversation. They can understand around 50 different commands and retain up to 2 minutes of vocal messages. The words can be trained to the voice control devices that you want the circuit to recognize and perform accordingly. 432

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