IB Computer Science Topic 1.2.1

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1 IB Computer Science Topic By: Mr. A. Lawson

2 Topic Define the terms: Hardware, software, peripheral, network, human resources 5 Key Concepts: 1. Hardware: anything within a computer you can physically touch. 2. Software: the collection of programs and instructions that control the computer. 3. Peripheral: the devices attached to the computer that allow it to interact with its environment and exchange information 4. Network: a group of computers connected together in some way to share resources such as documents or files and printers. 5. Human Resources: the humans operating the computers

3 Topic Types of peripherals Input peripherals: - Keyboard - Mouse - Microphone - Webcam - Scanner Output peripherals: - Screen - Speakers - Printer

4 Topic Describe the roles that a computer can take in a networked world Client vs Server Client: a computer accessing resources hosted by another computer, the server. Resources could be documents, printers, scanners etc. Server: a computer hosting resources to be shared across the network, like documents, printers etc. Computers can be both server and client at the same time!

5 Topic Additional roles for computers DNS server: a special type of server mapping web addresses to IP addresses allowing us to surf the web without having to look up the IP address of every website they want to visit. Router: a computer routing network packages between two networks usually using a different medium for information transfer, like phone cables or glass fibre connections. Firewall: a computer or software package monitoring and protecting the network traffic of a computer or computer network. It decides which computers get access to the network or computer based on a set of rules. It can be looked at as an analogy to bouncer in a disco.

6 Topic Discuss the social and ethical issues associated with a networked world Social & Ethical example issues: Loss of jobs due to computers because less secretaries are needed. Through extensive networking many business activities can be outsources to cheaper locations, like call centers to India, leading to loss of jobs in home country. Is it ethical to fire workers from a company because a computer system has been implemented that does the same job cheaper? Digital divide. Those who are confident with computers have higher chances for success than those who don t. Can an ipad or facebook replace face-to-face social interaction?

7 Topic Identify the relevant stakeholders when planning a new system. Stakeholder Definition: a person with an interest or concern in something

8 Three important questions: 1. Who will the end-user be? 2. What are their needs? IB Computer Science Topic Any other stakeholders involved? Parties usually involved in a system: Systems analyst End users Software manufacturer Client company

9 Describe methods of obtaining requirements from stakeholders Methods: Surveys Interviews Direct observation Collecting documents IB Computer Science Topic 1.2.5

10 Topic Observation Involves systems analyst walking around the organization watching how things are done with his/her own eyes. Advantages: Possibility of gathering first-hand, unbiased information Disadvantage: Often people don't work the way they normally do when being observed

11 Topic Interviews Involves the systems analyst interviewing key people within the system to find out how it works. Advantages: Allows a lot of very detailed information to be gathered People can be asked about what they don't like on the system Disadvantages: Takes a long time

12 Topic Questionnaires/Surveys: involves the systems analysts handing out questionnaires for people to fill out. Advantages: Large amount of data from a large group can be gathered Takes little time Simple Disadvantage: It is hard to ask the 'right question' Information gathered is limited by questionnaire It may not be taken seriously

13 Topic Collecting documents Involves the systems analysts looking in the documents in the archive to try to find out how the present system works Advantages: Detailed information about the present system can be gathered It can be seen where the old system has problems Disadvantages: Time consuming Just looking at the forms may be confusing

14 Topic Describe appropriate techniques for gathering the information needed to arrive at a workable solution Techniques: Examining current systems Looking at competing products Organizational capabilities Literature searches (web/books)

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