CS244-Introduction to Embedded Systems and Ubiquitous Computing. Instructor: Eli Bozorgzadeh Computer Science Department UC Irvine Winter 2010

Transcription

1 CS244-Introduction to Embedded Systems and Ubiquitous Computing Instructor: Eli Bozorgzadeh Computer Science Department UC Irvine Winter 2010

2 CS244 Lecture 2 Embedded Applications Winter CS 244 2

3 Overview Hybrid embedded systems Aerospace, automobiles, robotics, process control, and sensor nets Multimedia Consumer electronics Appliances, office electronics, and home/office automation Network components Bridges, routers, switches, and hubs Medical instruments Patient monitoring, MRI, and artificial hearts E-Business ATM, wending machines Distributed & grid computing 3OVERLAPPING Winter CS 244 3

4 Hybrid Embedded Systems Computation systems whose behavior is tightly integrated with the physical world Eg., the behavior of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be modeled by a combination of differential equations (the aerodynamics and low level feedback controllers) and a finite state automata (high level flight path decisions, such as to ascend or descend). Behavior is governed by both continuous-state dynamics from the physical world and discrete-state dynamics from the computation Passage of time during computation affects the state of the physical world Inherently concurrent (inherent vs. built-in concurrency?) Winter CS

5 Aerospace Flight control Stability: real-time differential feedback loops Positioning & navigation GPS, INS Instrumentation Data acquisition, display, processing, and archive Radar Communication 5 Winter CS 244 5

6 Automobiles Engine management Fuel, ignition, timing Emission control Instrumentation Data acquisition, display, processing, and archive Safety & stability Airbags, active control Entertainment & comfort Radio, A/C, 6 Winter CS 244 6

7 Robotics Implies autonomous operation N physical degree of freedom Artificial intelligence Control heavy Mission oriented Repair, search, rescue, investigate, and perform physically difficult tasks 7 Winter CS 244 7

8 Process Control Industrial automation Plant monitoring and production control Similar to control systems but with emphasis on management 8 Winter CS 244 8

9 Sensor Nets Many sensor nodes each capable (but limited) of sensing, computation/storag e, and communication Structure safety Search and rescue Military use Self organization Energy Efficient Distributed Modern Sensor Nodes UC Berkeley: COTS Dust UC Berkeley: COTS Dust UC Berkeley: Smart Dust UCLA: WINS Rockwell: WINS JPL: Sensor Webs 9 Winter CS 244 9

10 Multimedia An exercise in Signals, analog to digital conversion, quantization, sampling, processing, and digital to analogue conversion Information theory, entropy, Huffman codes, compression, lossless compression Images, audio, video Virtual Reality Presentation Quality of service Think lots of data (formats and standards too)! 10 Winter CS

11 Consumer Electronics Home appliances Yesterday s appliances: add computation Tomorrow s appliances: add networking (Internet) Office electronics Integration Electronic paper (filing, printing, sending, and receiving) Home/office automation Common fantasy about the automated home or office of the future with lights and appliances that operate by themselves or with minimal effort 11 Winter CS

12 Network Components Stitching LANs Bridge Connects two parts of the same network Router Link networks using different network identities Extending ports Switch Transmit to recipient only Hub Transmit to all Handle large volume of highly structured data with little transform 12 Winter CS

13 Medical Instruments Perform diagnosis (screening/evaluation) Data collection Appraisal of that data Developing a plan of action Observation or monitoring Sensing and instrumentation Accuracy and precision Other applications: Radiation therapy Artificial hearts, arms, legs, 13 Winter CS

14 E-Business Information processing systems ATM Cache registers Scanners Credit-card readers Often the interface behind a database Automation and convenience 14 Winter CS

15 Distributed & Grid Computing Coordinated resource sharing and problem solving The grid is static, reliable, and has infinite resource (for practical purposes) Users (the mobile device e.g., PDA) has limited resources Middleware mitigates the resource sharing and coordination efforts 15 Winter CS

16 Summary of Application Domains Looked at a number of application domains Large amount of overlap between these domains Often each domain has associated standards, design methodologies, and certification programs The future appears to suggest a fusion of design differences into a single methodology 16 Winter CS

17 Real-Time Systems A systems where correctness depends on logical results and the time the results are produced Safety-critical: incorrect operation leads to human loss Mission-critical: incorrect operation leads to failed mission J.A. Stankovic et al. Strategic Directions in Real-Time and Embedded Systems 17 Winter CS