What is Mechatronics

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Roger Richardson
6 years ago
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1 Mechatronics

2 What is Mechatronics

3 What Is Mechatronics? Mechatronics is a methodology used for the optimal design of electromechanical products. Multi-disciplinary system design has employed a sequential design-by-discipline. The mechatronic design methodology is based on concurrent, instead of sequentialapproach to discipline design, resulting in products with more synergy approach.

4 Mechatronics Constituents

5 Mechatronics Key Elements

6 Automation/Mechatronics Subjects

7 Mechatronic s Key Elements

8 Mechatronics Key Elements 1-Information Systems a- Modeling and Simulation - Modeling is the process of representing the behavior of a real system by a collection of mathematical equations and logic. - Simulation is the process of solving the model and it is performed on a computer. The process of simulation can be divided into three sections: initialization, iteration, and termination

9 b- Automatic Controls _ Mechatronics appears to be nothing more than control system engineering. What is the difference? The difference is the sequence of design steps

10 c-optimization Optimization solves the problem of distributing limited resources throughout a system such that pre specified aspects of its behavior are satisfied. It is applied to:. Establish the optimal system configuration. Identification of optimal trajectories. Control system design. Identification of model parameters

11 2- Electrical Systems The following electrical components are frequently used: - Motors and generators - Transducers - Solid state devices including computers - Circuits (signal conditioning, impedance matching, amplifiers ) -Contact devices (relays, circuit breakers, switches )

12 3- Sensors Sensors are required to monitor the performance of machines and processes. Some of the more common measurement variables in mechatronics systems are temperature, speed, position, force, torque, and acceleration. The characteristics that are important when one is measuring these variables include the dynamics of the sensor, stability, resolution, precision, robustness, size, - and signal processing. The need for less expensive and precise sensors, as well as integration of the sensor and signal processing on a common carrier or on one chip, has become important.

13 4- Actuators Actuation involves a physical acting on the process, such as the ejection of a workpiece from a conveyor system ini tiated by a sensor. Actuators are usually electrical, mechanical, fluid power or pneumatic based. They transform electrical inputs into mechanical outputs such as force, angle, and position. Actuators can be classified into three general groups. - Electromagnetic actuators, (e.g., AC and DC electrical motors, stepper motors, electromagnets) - Fluid power actuators, (e.g., hydraulics, pneumatics) - Unconventional actuators (e.g., piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, memory metal) There are also special actuators for high-precision applications that require fast responses, They are often applied to controls that compensate for friction, nonlinearities, and limiting parameters.

14 5- Computer Systems - Computer system hardware is usually restricted to computer-specific circuits and devices. These include logic networks, flip flops, counters, timers, triggers, integrated circuits, and microprocessors. - Fast computer hardware is of little value without the appropriate software -Assembly language was the first step toward a higher- Ievel language -For more powerful (higher-level) programming languages to be used, compilers were developed. Some of the most well-known high-level languages are BASIC, FORTRAN, C, and Pascal. -Visual languages, including Matrixx, EasyS, SimuLink, VisSim, and LabView.

15 6- Real-Time Interfacing It is process of fusing and synchronizing model, sensor, and actuator information is called realtime interfacing or hardware-in-the-loop simulation. For mechatronics applications real-time interfacing includes analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/ A) conversion, analog signal conditioning circuits, and sampling theory. The main purpose of the real-time interface system is to provide data acquisition and control function for the computer.

16 Signals transmitted through the A/D and D/ A devices fall into three categories:. Analog. Digital. Frequency

17 Machine cell with robot Machine cell with robot 13. control valve- pneumatic gripper 14. Tactile sensor- gripper force 15. Servo amplifier- robot arm 16. Control computer- robot control 17. Display- robot status 18. Camera- part identification, guidance

18 CNC Machine

19 Aircraft Maneuvers

20 Ship Autopilot

25 The Automobile as a Mechatronic System Ignition timing Fuel-air ratio Lubrication system ABS Traction control Suspension system Steering IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway System)

26 Using a radar to measure distance and velocity to autonomously maintain desired distance between vehicles. Autonomous vehicle system design with sensors and actuators.

27 Temperature Control

diffusion boundary Using the same mobility platform, mobile actuators

33 Mobile Actuator-Sensor Network Tasks (MAS-net) Efficiently deploy a group of mobile sensors to characterize the dynamically evolving diffusion boundary Using the same mobility platform, mobile actuators can actively control the formation of the diffusion boundary to a desired zone/shape

34 MASNET Experimental Platform (Conceptual Block Diagram)

communication system broadcasts commands to

introduced into air stream Fan blows air

35 Base station makes plume prediction and computes sensor locations Wireless communication system broadcasts commands to actuated sensors Fog Contaminant (orange) introduced into air stream Fan blows air (green) through system Vision system for locating sensors Actuated sensors (mote-based robots) take plume samples Air outlet 2-D System Testbed Concept

36 A Closer Look!!! Tag on top With Cover

37 1st Prototype Photos Mote-based Robot: USU MASmote

38 The Test Bed: Motes Camera GUI Serial Cable Parallel Cable Programming Board Wireless Communication Camera Driver Mote (MICA Board) Robots TinyOS

39 Hardware Configuration of the Mobility Platform Sensors 2 Encoders 2ADC Control Board (USU) 3 IR (Sharp GP2D12) 2 Photo- Resistors 3 ADC 2 ADC MICA2 (Berkeley) AVR Atmega 128 (CPU) CC1000 (Comm.) 2 PWM 2 Servos 6V Power 3V Power

40 Software on Mobile Mote TinyOS Stack/Xnp (Comm.) Other Utilities of TinyOS User Applications Low Level Lib TinyDB TinySchema 2 Servos 2 Encoders Other Sensors/Actuators

41 Other Mechatronics Examples Washing Machine Thermostat Camera Fuel Injection

42 Fault Detection

43 Control System Generalised Block Diagram Reference Input Error Signal Control Effort Command and Triggering Power Input Actual Value System Controller Signal Isolation And Conditioning Buffering Feedback And Power Electronics Sensors Input Power Process Output Signal Digital Controller Analogue Part of System

47 Integrated Design Issues in Mechatronics

48 Ways of integration within mechatronics systems.

Mechatronic Design Approach D R. T A R E K A. T U T U N J I P H I L A D E L P H I A U N I V E R S I T Y, J O R D A N

Mechatronic Design Approach D R. T A R E K A. T U T U N J I P H I L A D E L P H I A U N I V E R S I T Y, J O R D A N 2 0 1 3 Mechatronics: Synergetic Integration of Different Disciplines [Ref.] Prof. Rolf