VERSATILE AMBULANCE SYSTEM BASED ON IOT. Keywords Telemedicine, Mobile Ambulance, Internet of Things, Medical Report Exchange.

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1 Volume 119 No , ISSN: (on-line version) url: VERSATILE AMBULANCE SYSTEM BASED ON IOT L.K.Hema 1, R. Indumathi 2 R. Mohanapriya 3 1 Associate Professor, 2,3 Assistant. Prof Gr. II, ECE Department, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission s Research Foundation, Deemed to be University, hemalk@avit.ac.in Keywords Telemedicine, Mobile Ambulance, Internet of Things, Medical Report Exchange. ABSTRACT ======================================================================= India is a huge country which is to fulfill the health care to all the citizens but in reality there is just one doctor per 1,700 citizens. This statistics therefore alarms the Indian healthcare sector to facilitate health care to all public at all times. The mobile ambulance system is becoming common in urban area and now it is booming in rural area too. Internet Of Things (IOT) is a new technology that plays a prominent role in health care and its application. IoT is an innovative technology that aims to enhance the way in which healthcare facility will be delivered to the public by ensuring better service, improving the efficiency and making healthcare affordable to public. To achieve this we are proposing an IoT based air ambulance system to reach and track the patients located in distant parts of India where healthcare facilities are rare. The physicians are enabled to access diverse range of small but powerful wireless monitors connected through the IoT, which track ECG, Temperature, pulse oxygen and so on and these information can be exchanged from distance through telecommunication diagnosis hence treatment and prevention is possible. IoT based health care deals with communication technology, medical science, information technology and biomedical engineering which is vital in saving a human life..======================================================================= 1. INTRODUCTION In India the health care sector is tussling with a lot of challenges like lack of adequate equipment to diagnose, treat and monitor the progress of patients in small towns and rural villages. But, this scenario is changing gradually with Internet of Things (IoT), a platform which facilitates real time monitoring and capturing of information, aggregating and analysis of information followed by decision making. This innovative technology would help to resolve the Indian health industry s existing challenges and ensure healthcare facilities at a lower cost to our vast population. To cater to a population spread across geographies, healthcare organizations will need to leverage mobile technology to advance access to patients and engagement through initiatives such as online scheduling, online chat, and user-friendly patient portals to name a few.[1],[2],[3] According to Gartner, Indian healthcare providers are likely to spend an estimated $1.2 billion on IT products and services in 2015, a seven per cent increase from the previous year. Hospitals, clinics and ambulance services will upgrade or deploy internal services, software, data centers, IT services, devices and telecom services. [1] The general structure of IoT based patient monitoring system is shown in Fig

2 Figure 1. General architecture of IoT based patient monitoring system 2. INTERNET OF THINGS IN BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY The IoT technology is easily adaptable by the the Healthcare industry The reason for this trend is that integrating IoT features into medical devices greatly improves the quality and effectiveness of service, bringing especially high value for the elderly, accident victims, patients with chronic conditions, and those requiring constant supervision. According to some estimates, spending on the Healthcare IoT solutions will reach a staggering $1 trillion by 2025 and, hopefully, will set the stage for highly personalized, accessible, and on-time Healthcare services for everyone. These systems are connected with Zigbee, Wifi, Bluetooth and Radio frequency with the help of transmitting Antenna. Usually, Bluetooth is not preferred for longer distances as distance matters here. [7]. 3. EXISTING SYSTEM IoT based Biomedical Systems are in such a need to save the life of patient under Critical conditions. In a general Mobile Ambulance system assisted with a health professional to save, it is not possible to provide the excellence just like as in Intensive Care Units to monitor all the vital parameters like ECG, Pulse Oxygen, Heart rate, Body Temperature etc., all these systems are not possible to be incorporated in a Mobile Vehicle.[4],[5],[6] It is considered as a drawback for most of the trauma cases to save the life of the patient when he/she is on Wheels. There may be delay in reaching Medical Centre due to unexpected Circumstances.[8] To overcome such kind of failures and to provide a security to life by increasing the chances of saving, a budding idea to develop a system that is capable of transmitting the Biomedical Signals to the Health Centre whenever patient is monitored under a recording setup while moving on wheels through IoT ]13]. 4. PROPOSED SYSTEM The system proposed consists of three planes of service as depicted in the Figure 2. They are i) Sensing, Processing, Communication plane. ii) Data concentration and Cloud computing. iii) Analytics, Pre and Post processing by Physician. Figure 2. Block diagram of IoT enabled Ambulatory system i) Sensing, Processing, Communication plane. First the patient who is travelling in the Ambulance is equipped with different type of sensors such as ECG, Temperature, Pulse oxygen sensors and the sensed data is converted in digital via the data acquisition 2152

3 system. The data is then processed by the microcontroller unit and in turn transmitted through a transceiver. ii) Data concentration and Cloud computing In this level the data is communicated from local base station to the cloud server via the mobile phone. iii) Analytics, Pre and Post processing by Physician In this level the data analytics is carried out and the specific information is transmitted to the host doctor mobile phone or desktop via internet. Once the data is viewed by the physician and based on the parameters obtained about the patient, the post processing or the emergency treatment is carried out in the ambulance itself. 4.1 Data Acquisition and Transmission in Ambulance using IoT In an intra network healthcare, all medical equipment and patients are connected to one another via internet with a single server called Host and the patient s vital physiological parameters are transmitted internally, whereas in the case of moving ambulance these vital parameters cannot be transmitted to the remote doctor s locations with a single server. Here comes IoT.[9],[10] Data Acquisition is carried out by several wearable sensors that measure physiological parameters, namely ECG, body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse oxygen level and posture. These sensors sense the information and these vital information are transmitted from the patient to the intermediate data aggregation device, which is normally a smart phone is by a wireless Transceiver (Zigbee, WiFi or Bluetooth). Further the aggregated data is transmitted from the remote location for example from patient s home or accident location to the Primary Health centre or District Headquarters (GH) by smart phone s cellular data connection or WiFi. In some occasion the intermediate data aggregator signal strength does not fulfill the data transmission and storage for specific applications then a cloud net can be used. The cloud net is nothing but a laptop/desktop computer which is having more data processing capability and it acts as a mobile server. The next phase is to transmit the data from cloud net to cloud by IoT based Cloud Architecture for every 5 minutes or even less than that. The cloud stores and maintains the patient s information such as entry time, physiological status, posture etc., The physicians can log on to the specific web servers to access the information stored. The informations are periodically updated in the cloud. The stored data is processed by analytics and post processing phase. The cloud stores in information for long term and it will enable the physicians in diagnosis and medication. These informations are also stored in the cloud thereby e-health records, discharge summary etc., would help them in future. In our system we have used specific mathematical tools are used to plot the sensory informations as graphs and plots. 4.2 Implementation As an initiative we have developed an IoT enabled ECG and Pulse oximeter that senses the atmospheric temperature, oxygen level in blood and the heart rate. Here the ECG sensors and Pulseoximeter sensors are placed over the patient s body and these sensors senses the vital informations. These informations are sent to the node microcontroller and processed. Then these data are transmitted to the mobile phone (intermediate data aggregator). From mobile phone the informations are stored in the cloud via WiFi. The values and plots can be visualized in the remote desktop using the cloud services by the Physician. 2153

4 IsChanging Everything, Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG), April Moeen Hassanalieragh et.al, Health Monitoring and Management Using Internet-of- Things (IoT) Sensing with Cloud-based Processing: Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, Moeen Hassanalieragh, Alex Page, Tolga Soyata, Gaurav Sharma, Mehmet Aktas Health Monitoring and Management Using Internet-of- Things (IoT) Sensing with Cloud based Processing: Opportunities and Challenges 2015 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing. 5. S. Babu, M. Chandini, P. Lavanya, K. Ganapathy, and V. Vaidehi, Cloud-enabled remote health monitoring system, in Int. Conf. on Recent Trends in Inform. Tech. (ICRTIT), July 2013, pp Figure 3. Prototype of IoT enabled Ambulance system 5. CONCLUSION Thus, the IoT is enabling to have a congenial support on healthcare in India. In digital India the facility of ICT technology supports inherently to the Health care sector also. The system designed primarily improves the viability to patient s care, increases the quality of care and significantly reduces the cost-ofcare. The hurdle we faced is the availability of network connectivity at all time. REFERENCES 1. G. Pardeshi, V. Kakrani, Challenges and Options for the delivery of Primary Health Care in Disadvantaged Urban area, Indian Journal of Community Medicine,Volume 31, No 3, July- September Dave Evans, The Internet of Things: Howthe Next Evolution of the Internet 6. C. Rolim, F. Koch, C. Westphall, J. Werner, A. Fracalossi, and G. Salvador, A cloud computing solution for patient s data collection in health care institutions, in Second Int. Conf. on ehealth, Telemedicine, and Social Medicine, ETELEMED 10., Feb 2010, pp W. Zhao, C. Wang, and Y. Nakahira, Medical application on internet of things, in IET Int. Conf. on Com. Tech. and Application (ICCTA 2011), Oct 2011, pp F. Hu, D. Xie, and S. Shen, On the application of the internet of things in the field of medical and health care, in IEEE Int. Conf. on and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom), (ithings/cpscom), Aug 2013, pp G. Nalinipriya and R. Aswin Kumar, Extensive medical data storage with prominent symmetric algorithms on cloud - a protected framework, in IEEE Int. Conf. on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS), March2013, pp

5 10. Zhibo Pang, Technologies and Architecturesof the Internet-of-Things (IoT) for Health and Well-being, Doctoral Thesis in Electronic and Computer Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden, Jan Mohamed FEZARI, Rachad Rasras and Ibrahiem M. M. El Emary, Ambulatory Health Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensors Node, International Conference on Communication, Management and Information Technology, 2015, Networks And Internet Of Things, 8, Aug 2015, pp L.K. Hema, D.Murugan, M.Chitra, Wireless Sensor Networks emergence and Growth- A survey, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ISSN:

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