SIDE (IRT 3930) Kanal. Põhipunktid. Loeng 5/2007 Sidekanalite moodustumine Teema - kanalid. Vahekihid. Keerukus. Punkt-punkt ühendus.
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1 SIDE (IRT 3930) Loeng 5/2007 Sidekanalite moodustumine Teema - kanalid Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, Põhipunktid Kanalite liigitus Andmeülekande korraldus Liidesed Võrgustruktuuri mõju Raadioeetripõhised juurdepääsutehnoloogiad Juhtme- (kiu-) põhised juurdepääsutehnoloogiad TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst. Kanalid avo.ots@ttu.ee 145 Kanalid 146 Keerukus only nodes on the same physical/link layer could communicate Telnet coaxial cable Vahekihid FTP fiber optic HTTP packet radio Telnet FTP HTTP Kanalid 147 coaxial fiber packet cable optic radio Kanalid 148 Sidesüsteem Punkt-punkt ühendus Inmarsat Signaal Saatja Vastuvõtja Signaali hinnang Kanal Kanalid 149 Kanalid 150 1
2 Broadcast DBS -direct broadcast satellite Võrguhierarhia T u u m Pöördusvõrk Multiple receivers xdsl GPRS Kanalid 151 Transmitter Kanalid 152 Võrgu topoloogia Täht (star) Siin (bus) Ring (ring) Puu (hub/tree) Võrgud ja terminalid B A D C G E F Kanalid 153 Kanalid 154 Andmeülekanne Data Link and Physical Layers Kommuteerimine/marsruutimine ahelkommutatsioon pakettkommutatsioon ühendusorienteeritud püsiliinid sissehelistamine esmane pakettkommutatsioon kiire pakettkommutatsioon X.25 ühendusorienteeritud Frame Relay Kaadrirelee ühenduseta Cell Relay SMDS & ATM Kanalid 155 Kanalid 156 2
3 Virtuaalsed teed ja kanalid (VPI, VCI) VCI-100 VCI-101 VCI-100 VCI-101 VPI-10, 50 Mb/s VPI-20, 60 Mb/s STM Mb/s Tarbijaliidesed USB = Universal Serial Bus (ver 2.0) Andmeedastuskiirus 1,5 Mb/s või 12 Mb/s Max kaabli pikkus 5 m nullmodemi ühendus USB kaabliga käib USB silla kaudu IEEE1394 (FireWire) on suurema edastuskiirusega ja toetab andmevoogu edastavaid seadmeid (videokaamera vm) A B Mini B Kanalid 157 Kanalid 158 Keerdpaar Varjestatud (shielded) ja varjestamata (unshielded) Jäik (trunk) ja pehme (patch) Struktuurne kaabeldussüsteem (TIA/ISO std) Max pikkus 100 m (korrusel) 10/100/1000 Mb/s Cat 5 RJ-45 pistik Sarnane telefoni pistikuga (RJ-11) 8 juhet (4 paari) Standarditud pistiku ja juhtme kvaliteet (Cat5, Cat5e) Tüüpiline terminali kaabli pikkus ei tohi ületada 100 m Terminalikaabel ja ristkaabel (ad hoc) Kanalid 159 Kanalid 160 Kiudmeedia ja kasutus Kiudoptiline kaabel 1620 Valguse murdumise seadus (W.Snellius, R.Descartes) DWDM OXC DWDM X Y Z Plastic Outer Coating Glass Core Optical Cladding 1 sinθ1 n2 sin n = θ 2 W A N Router θ 2 Core Router n 2 cladding Access Router Customers Web Server Web Server Web Server Host R outer/switch eye safety Kanalid 161 n 1 core θ 1 θ 2 Kanalid 162 3
4 Fiber-optic connectors bayonet, snap-lock, and push-pull connectors FC MIC, Standard FDDI connector LC SC ST SC duplex Kiudoptilised ühendused 12-fiber MMF ribbon, 850nm, 1.25 Gbs/fiber 4-fiber MMF ribbon, 850nm, 2.5 Gbs/fiber 1-fiber SMF, 1310nm, 10 Gbs/fiber 1-fiber MMF, 850nm, 10 Gbs/fiber 1-fiber MMF, 4 lambda ~850nm, 2.5 Gbs/lambda Kanalid 163 Kanalid 164 Koaksiaalkaabel Insulation, ground, insulation, main wire Asynchronous and Synchronous Asynchronous communication is used when the two devices are not synchronized in any way. kasutatakse 2 tüüpi koaksiaalkaableid: Jäme 1/2 tolli (thick) 10BASE5 (yellow cable) Peen 1/4 tolli (thin) 10BASE2 Kanalid 165 Synchronous communication takes place between two devices that are synchronized, usually via a clocking mechanism. Kanalid 166 Modemühendus Juhtmepaari häirekindlus Balansseerimata sisend indutseeritud müra V n vastuvõtja väljund TD DTR Terminal RD saatja vastuvõtja Telefoniliin saatja vastuvõtja indutseeritud müra Balansseeritud sisend V gn maandusvooludest tingitud müra V n V n + vastuvõtja - väljund Kanalid 167 V gn Kanalid maandusvooludest tingitud müra 168 4
5 Liidese elektrilised parameetrid Juurdepääsu tehnoloogiad väljund +15 V 0 +5 V -5 V Müra piir 2 V sisend V +3 V -3 V V 3000Ω < RL < 7000Ω C < 2500 pf L o < 25 signaali kasvukiirus dv 30V < dt µ s a/b telefoniliin kaabel keerdpaar (twisted pair) koaksiaal (coaxial) kiud raadiolink satelliit mobiilside -15 V 1 1 ülemineku ala -15 V Kanalid 169 Kanalid 170 Raadiovõrgud (wireless) IEEE (a,b,g) Hajaspektrisüsteemid DSSS (3G), FHSS Topoloogiad: Kaablivõrgu laiendus Ad-hoc Raadiosagedusala 2,4 GHz, 5 GHz. Kiirused 1 Mb/s,, 11 Mb/s,, 54 Mb/s, Traadita kanal Kanalid 171 Kanalid db/km Sumbuvus atmosfääris Mobiilne terminaliühendus Movement Radio interference Weather conditions Concurrent Usage 10 H 2 O Handover Radio shadow O Sagedus (GHz) Kanalid 173 GPRS Bandwidth Delay GPRS Client Some server Disconnection Kanalid 174 5
6 Raadioressursside kasutus Efficient use of Radio Resources Example on Radio Channel Allocation Terminali tüübid TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 3 TS 2 TS 1 Circuit Switched Packet Switched Time MS Class A mode of operation: Simultaneous Circuit (CS) and Packet-Switched (PS) services Class B mode of operation: Attached both to CS and PS. Automatic choice of service, CS or PS, but only one at a time Class C mode of operation: Packet data only mobile. Kanalid 175 Kanalid 176 Network structure (TUT) Otstarbekus controller Internet Internet TUT TUT core core - (PAN) isolated from other in the edge routers - from PAN to Internet controlled by controllers - department intranets may be protected with control lists / filters in the edge routers - VLANs are used to separate controllers to own controller segment - is considered a hostile like the Internet K r o o n Revenue Profit Cost Äritulu New revenues and business growth Network modernisation & cost-efficiency Võrgukulu Kanalid 177 Aeg Kanalid 178 Lõpulingid (5) &query=satellite&ct=%22ebi% Kanalid 179 Kanalid 180 6
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