SIDE (IRT 3930) Raadioliidesed Teema - liidesed. Avo Ots. telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst.

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1 SIDE (IRT 3930) Loeng 7/2014 {13. okt.} Raadioliidesed Teema - liidesed Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst. avo.ots@ttu.ee 241

2 Standardid ja kattealad WPAN IEEE ZigBee; Bluetooth WLAN IEEE WMAN IEEE WWAN 3GPP/4G IEEE Range 0 10m 0 100m 0 10 km 242

3 Juurdepääsu tehnoloogiad (Wireless) Personaalvõrk (WPAN), Kohtvõrk (WLAN) Piirkonnavõrk (WMAN) Ulatus 10 m (WPAN) kuni 10 km (WMAN) Bitikiirus 1 Mbit/s (WPAN) kuni 25 ( ) Mbit/s 243

4 wired LAN IEEE WLAN Infrastructure BSS Independent (BSS) /Ad-Hoc Network / AP Bluetooth BT 244

5 AP kasutus 245

6 Seoses võrgumudelitega (WLAN) WLAN 246

7 IEEE 802 LAN Network OSI Layer 3 IEEE Logical Link Control (LLC) LLC OSI Layer 2 (data link) Ethernet IEEE Carrier Sense IEEE Token Bus IEEE Token Ring Wi-Fi IEEE Wireless a b/g n MAC Physical Layers twisted pair, coaxial, optical, radio paths; OSI Layer 1 (physical) Bus (802.3 ) Star (802.3u ) 247

8 IEEE kanalikiht IP Packets MAC Layer Management Entity (MLME) radio mgmt e.g. scanning association management MAC DSAP Fragmentation & ARQ Retransmission, error correction power management management info base (MIB) shared-key authentication addressing WEP (RC4) encryption framing Radio link security Data authentication Data encryption Simple scrambling Peer-to-peer 48 bit MAC address Ethernet compliant Unique identifier Multicast & bcast support PHY SAP CSMA/CA channel access Radio link QoS Dedicated real-time support with PCF 248

9 Raadiokanali moodustamine Ülekantav info 1 0 XOR Pseudojuhuslik jada kildu (chip) DSSS 249

10 Hajaspektri signaal 250

11 Laiaribaline ülekanne 251

12 Raadiokanali moodustumine 2,4 GHz 252

13 FDM vs OFDM FDM f OFDM f f 253

14 Sagedusalad & tehnoloogiad 254

15 Sageduskasutus 2.4 GHz loavabad sagedused MHz, RLAN, suurim e.i.r.p. 100 mw, CEPT/ERC/DEC(01)07 modulatsioonitüüp: DSSS FHSS OFDM >>> MIMO Euroopas kasutatavad sagedusalad (5GHz) MHz, (200 mw, indoor) MHz, Hiperlan (1W, indoor/outdoor) Channel bonding 255

16 Kolm kattumiseta kanalit (1; 6; 11) 256

17 (Sagedus)Kanalid 257

18 Mitu tugijaama 258

19 Raadiokanalite monitoorimine 259

20 Wi-Fi standardid ja bitikiirused Wifi=IEEE a, 5 GHz, 54 Mb/s b, 2,4 GHz, 11 Mb/s g, n 2,4 GHz/5GHz 54 Mb/s Mb/s ac // standardi heakskiit jaanuaris 2014// Kasutab CSMA/CA CA-collision avoidance pdf 260

21 Erinevad kanalijaotused Sagedusala (GHz) Kasutatava te kanalite numbrid Sagedusala vahemikus 5,15-5,35 (lubatud nii Euroopas kui USAs) 8 kanalit Sagedusala vahemikus 5,47-5,725 (lubatud või peagi lubatud nii USA-s kui ka Euroopas 11 kanalit Sagedusala vahemikus 5,725-5,825 (lubatud vaid USA-s) 4 kanalit Kanali kesksagedus (MHz) Kiirus (Mb/s) Modulatsioon ja kodeerimise kiirus Kodeeritud bitte alamkandja kohta Kodeeritud bitte sümboli kohta Andmebitte sümboli kohta 6 BPSK, R=1/ BPSK, R=3/ QPSK, R=1/ QPSK, R=3/ QAM, R=1/ QAM, R=3/ QAM, R=2/ QAM, R=3/

22 Kiiruse muutus Kiirus (Mb/s) Modulatsioon ja kodeerimise kiirus Kodeeritud bitte alamkandja kohta Kodeeritud bitte sümboli kohta Andmebitte sümboli kohta 6 BPSK, R=1/ BPSK, R=3/ QPSK, R=1/ QPSK, R=3/ QAM, R=1/ QAM, R=3/ QAM, R=2/ QAM, R=3/

23 Kanalid 5 GHz sagedusalas EN <<< h The following countries are affected by the new DFS standard: Belgium, Bulgaria, Danmark, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Finland, France, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Croatia, Latvia, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Slovakia, Slowenia, Spain, Sweden, Swizerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Hungaria, Cyprus and UK. only the following channels will be available in radio mode h, as from April 01, 2009: h channel 36 (5.18 GHz 5.20 GHz), channel 40 (5.20 GHz 5.22 GHz), channel 44 (5.22 GHz 5.24 GHz) and channel 48 (5.24 GHz 5.26 GHz). 263

24 WLAN raadiokaardi põhisõlmed 264

25 Peidetud terminali probleem Collision A B C A saadab B-le C kuulab kanalit C ei kuule A saadet C saadab B-le A ja C signaalide põrge (collision) Hidden terminal 265

26 Peidetud terminal - lahendus A RTS CTS B CTS C DATA A saadab RTS B saadab CTS C kuulab pealt CTS C ei saada A saadab DATA B-le RTS CTS A LLC MAC data ACK B LLC MAC 266

27 Eksponeeritud (exposed) terminal Not A B C possible D B talks to A C wants to talk to D C senses channel and finds it to be busy C stays quiet (when it could have ideally transmitted) 267

28 Seadmed hoones 268

29 Kiirgusvõimsuse hindamine (EN ) dbi Lähtutakse allika väljundvõimsusest db Lahutatakse kaod kaablis ja pistmikes (db) mw Lisatakse antenni võimendus isotroopse kiirgaja suhtes (dbi) 269

30 Signaalihinnangud 270

31 Tugijaamaga ühenduse leidmine 271

32 Signaalitugevuse muutus 272

33 Free space loss (2.4 GHz) 273

34 AP <-> terminal +10 dbm +10 dbi +14 dbi -1 db km -1 db??? -82 dbm 274

35 5.2 dbi Omni-directional Antenna Vertical Pattern 275

36 2.4 Gz 19 dbi Reflector Grid Antenna 276

37 MAC spoofing Turvamured Session hijacking (MAC disassociate) WEP key cracking or discovery - Don t count on WEP - Use secure, application-based encryption protocols (SSH) Man-in-the-middle Access Point spoofing (Two-way authentication required) SECURITY>> Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) >> WiFi Protected Access (WPA) >> IEEE i (WPA2) 277

38 Wireless broadband Wi-Fi WiBro WiMAX Flash-OFDMA WiMAX m HSPA LTE 1XEvDo TD-CDMA iburst TD-SCDMA 278

39 FHSS 279

40 Lõpulingid (7) channels-number-frequencies-bandwidth.php 280

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