WIRELESS Overview: Today

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Augustine Hudson
6 years ago
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1 WIRELESS Overview: Today CURRENT AND EMERGING TRENDS: SPONSORED BY: IEEE Hawaii Section Joint Signal Processing and Communications Chapter

2 ROADMAP My Background Wireless Technologies Legacy Current and Emerging Real-Life, Practical Diorama: Data Center; 1x1:1 Clients; 3x3:3 MU-MIMO AP External Outdoor Environment (Non-Mesh)

3 My Background IEEE First and currently, only engineer in Hawaii to achieve IEEE Wireless Communications Professional (WCP) certification Hawaii Section Chair: Joint Signal Processing and Communication Society Chapter Former Chair, Current Vice-Chair: Computer Society Chapter Communications Society Antenna and Propagation Society Power and Energy Society Computer Society CWNP CWNA Wireless Internet Service Provider Association (WISPA), Member Association of Computing Machinery (ACM), Member American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), Member Pre-K to 12 Committee Member

4 IEEE A set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication in the following frequency bands: 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 3.6 GHz 5 GHz 60 GHz

5 What s so great about WiFi? WiFi radios are now the primary communications component in: Smartphones Tablets PCs Other mobile devices Traditional: Corporate mobile devices with custom software Improve productivity or functionality Current: Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Each employee connect with multiple personal mobile devices Enterprise mobile business applications

6 Wi-Fi: End User Viewpoint Protect with very strong authentication methods so that only legitimate users with the proper credentials will be authorized to access network resources

7 COMPLEXITY REALITY End-to-End Non-US location No inherent security PSTN DISA Government Entity Actual Work Site

8 Wireless: Portal to Wired Infrastructure Inherently has no Application Services Wired Bounded Transmitted only on physical wires Electromagnetic Copper Light/Photons Fiberoptic Wireless Unbounded Transmitted freely and openly in the air Electromagnetic RF Light/Photons Laser/LiFi Sound Visual Smoke signals Aldis Lamps Semaphore Flags

9 Comparison: Licensed vice unlicensed Licensed Lengthy process for submittal and approval Unlicensed Physically accessible by anyone in listening range (Visual line-of-sight [LOS] RF line-of-sight [LOS] Shared Access (no exclusive rights or restrictions) Subject to regulatory domains for specific standards

10 CURRENT & EMERGING DIRECTION n ac ax ad ay LiFi CWBS (Citizens Wireless Broadband System) TVWS (TV White Space) Vehicle-to-Vehicle Ethernet Radios Mining and Transportation: Communications with vehicles moving up to 220 miles per hour Ethernet over Power Lines

11 802.11n and ac Comparison n Supports 20 and 40 MHz channels Supports 2.4 and 5 GHz frequency bands Supports BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM Supports many types of explicit beamforming Supports up to 4 spatial streams Supports single-user transmission only Includes significant enhancements (A-MSDU, A-MPDU) ac Add 80 and160 MHz channels Supports 5 GHz only Adds 256-QAM Supports only null data packet (NDP) explicit beamforming Supports up to 8 spatial streams (AP); client devices up to 4 spatial streams Adds multi-user transmission Supports similar MAC enhancements, with extensions to accommodate high data rates

12 IEEE ax High Efficiency WLAN Next step from ac Wave 2 Work in progress MIMO-OFDM Increase throughput up to 5x of ac Wave 2 Predicted: 10 Gbps [2.4 and/or 5 GHz] (tested by Huawei Technologies) 1024-QAM modulation EMPHASIS: High-Density Wi-FI deployments Efficiency: more sophisticated system for routing bits of messages where they need to go Example: Technology convention or trade shows Example: User checking on a public Wi-Fi at a busy airport terminal ~2019 Existing co-existence features built into WiFi are not sufficient in dense environments

13 IEEE ax High Efficiency WLAN Key Features and Applications Backwards compatible with a/b/g/n/ac Increase 4X the average throughput per user in high-density scenarios: Train stations Airports Stadiums Data rates and channel widths similar to ac Exception: MCS 10 and 11 with 1024-QAM Specified for downlink and uplink multi-user operation by means of MU-MIMO and OFDM Larger OFDM FFT sizes (4x larger) Narrower subcarrier spacing (4x closer) Longer symbol time (4x) for improved robustness and performance in multipath fading environments and outdoors Improved traffic flow and channel access Better power management for longer battery life

14 IEEE ax High Efficiency WLAN Target Applications Cellular data offloading By 2020, 38.1exabytes (38.1 EB) Wi-Fi offload traffic will be generated each month 1 EB bytes one quintillion bytes Equivalent to moving more than 6000 Blue-ray movies per minute on these networks Continues to exceed projected monthly mobile/cellular traffic (30.6 EB) Environments with many APs and a high concentration of users with heterogeneous devices (Airport Wi-Fi Home Wi-Fi) Indoors/Outdoors Mixed environments

15 802.11ac vs ad Different Frequencies ac 5 GHz Constrained to existing unlicensed frequency bands Founded as gigabit less than 6 GHz Two new channels 80 MHz 160 MHz 256-QAM 8 bits /symbol (30% gain) Pre ac: 6 bits/symbol ad 60 GHz Founded on recently released unlicensed new/repurposed spectrum US, Europe, Very wide channel (4 GHz) Conservative modulation (16- QAM(

16 IEEE ad WiGig WiFi Alliance WiGig certification Began product certification: Oct. 28, GHz frequency band Speed: 8 Gbps Range: 10 m (32.8 ft) Think DoD/Intel/Ops classified environments (-----): Instant Wireless Sync Peer-to-Peer; Kiosk Sync & Data Exchange High-density, heterogeneous environments (indoors/outdoors mixed environments) Levi Stadium has APs under every other-2 seats VoWiFi: Healthcare 180 million WiGig chipsets expected to ship within smartphones in billion WiGig devices expected to ship in 2021

17 IEEE ay Next Generation 60 GHz Expected IEEE standard: 2017 Extension of ad

18 IEEE ay WiGig Product Status Intel and Qualcomm have released several tri-band chipsets that support 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 60 GHz Wi-Fi Bluetooth WiGig

19 IEEE ay WiGig WiFi WiGig Certified Intel Tri-Band Wireless (Maple Peak) chipset Qualcomm QCA9500 chipset Devices Dell Latitude E7450/70 Peraso 60 GHz USB Adapter Socionext 60 GHz USB Adapter Smartphones Docking stations

20 Feature Benefit Function IEEE ay WiGig Ultra-wide channels High performance Ultra-wide channels enable data rates up to 8 Gbps for extremely high transmission speeds High bandwidth 60 GHz spectrum Low latency Greater bandwidth enables real-time data transfer Band switching support Dynamic Session Transfer Dynamically switch between 2.4, 5, and 60 GHz in multiband devices Beamforming Increased capacity Reduce link interference using multiple antennas and directional communication Data rate optimization Power efficiency Modulation schemes provide flexibility between battery life and performance Reference:

21 DIORAMA VoWiFi: Data Center AP is MU-MIMO capable End-user device (EUD) is a very small VoWiFi device Limited, low power battery 1x1:1 Actual diorama shown at this point; discussion Limited by EUD Single-input, single-output antenna: SISO Only a single spatial stream for each EUD Six Data Centers Each row consists of 26 single-wide and double-width racks of standard height

22 EXTERNAL OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT (Non-Mesh) Most dense urban environment with dense foliage and moving vehicles Narrow streets with varying building heights (3-stories to stories) Sustained throughput: 522 Mbps 200 users Single user with multiple mobile devices (Android phone, Windows phablet, ipad, imac with OS X) running simultaneous applications 15 Netflix 9 YouTube 20 Google Tabs/webpages NO CONSIDERATION Fresnel Zone Link Budget

23 EXTERNAL OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT (Non- Mesh) Dense urban, mobile traffic Fresnel Zone; Capacity; Coverage

24 EXTERNAL OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT (Non-Mesh) ac/n; 4x4 MIMO Fresnel Zone

25 EXTERNAL OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT When cables are NOT connected securely (Non-mesh) When cables ae securely connected

26 EXTERNAL OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT (Mesh) Fresnel Zone; Building Attenuation No PoE (Direct utility line)

27 EXTERNAL OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT (Mesh) Fresnel Zone (> 60%??) Fresnel Zone (your thoughts)

28 Outdoor WLAN Mesh Analysis Non-Root Mesh Access Points (MAPs) AP Model: 1552E Antenna Type: Patch/Semi-Directional Locations: Utility Poles across QTRS: 4,5,6,8,10,11,12,16 Hale Ikena T-100 T-117 Non-Root Mesh Access Points (MAPs) AP Model: 1552E Antenna Type: Omni-directional; x3 Locations: Utility Pole across QTRS 3 Provide communication link to/from Bldg. T-128 Utility Pole across QTRS 16 Provide communication link to/from Hale Ikena T-128 QTRS 6 Large Tree QTRS 5 QTRS 3 Large Tree Arc/Sector Symbol Antenna Pattern for Patch/Semi-directional antenna Dashed Circle Antenna Pattern for Omni-directional antenna Solid Circle Utility Pole across QTRS 3 and QTRS 16

29 EXTERNAL OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT (Mesh)

Alternate PHYs

Alternate PHYs A whitepaper by Ayman Mukaddam 2018, LLC Page 1 of 12 Contents Modern 802.11 Amendments... 3 Traditional PHYs Review (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz PHYs)... 3 802.11ad Directional Multi-Gigabit - DMG PHY... 4 Frequency