Internetworking. Prof. Ir. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc, PhD Direktur Komunikasi & Sistem Informasi IPB. Bogor, 05 Mei What is Internetworking?

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1 Internetworking Prof. Ir. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc, PhD Direktur Komunikasi & Sistem Informasi IPB Bogor, 05 Mei 2013 What is Internetworking? Internetworking : suatu bentuk hubungan, kerjasama atau kemitraan yang mendayagunakan TI (teknologi informasi) berbasis jaringan (internet, intranet, ekstranet) Trend: menuju pada Internetworked Enterprises (B-to-B, B-to-C, G-to-G, G-to-B, G-to-C) 1

2 How Information Technology Support The Globalization of Business? Drives of Change Globalization Technology Competitive Environment Efficient Global Markets Competitive Response Global Business Operation and Alliances Implementation The Networked Global Corporation Shift of Paradigm in Business: Towards Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) LAN/ WAN Video Conference Merging of Computing & Communications Fax Voice mail Cable- Television Pagers Phone/ Celullar 2

3 Businesses Trend Becoming internetworked enterprises Supported by computer networks to allow fast & accurate data exchange and expansion of business scale with better coordination, and cooperation Widely distributed enterprises connected via MAN, WAN, LAN Business Telecommunications Telecommunications: sending of information (voice, data, text, and images) from place to another. supported by Telecommunications Networks include Enterprise Collaboration Systems Electronic Commerce Systems Internal Business Systems 3

4 Electronic Collaboration Systems Voice Mail Discussions Forums Data Conferencing Voice Conferencing Video Conferencing Electronic Meeting Electronic Commerce Systems On-Line POS (Point of Sale) Web Retailing & Wholesaling EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) E-Funds Transfer E-Banking Interactive Marketing Supply Chain Management 4

5 Internal Business Systems Internal Transaction Processing Inquiry Processing Intranet Web Publishing Workflow Systems Activity Monitoring Process Control Management Support Systems Trend of Telecommunication Technology Toward the use of the Internet and other open and interconnected local & global digital networks for multimedia with heavy use of high speed fiber optic lines and satellite channels to form a global information superhighway system. 5

6 Information Superhighway An advanced high speed Internet-like network that connects individual households, businesses, government agencies, libraries, schools, universities, and other institutions with interactive voice, video, data and multimedia communications. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) A network that provides integrated services of data exchange in various forms: voice, video, data, images, and multimedia communications. 6

7 Business Value of Internetworking Overcome geographic barriers Overcome time barriers Overcome cost barriers Overcome structural barriers Jejaring Komputer (Computer Network) 7

8 Computer Network Computer Network Physical Radius Scope of Users Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Intra-Net Extra-Net Inter-net Layered System View Intranet Corporate members Extranet Internet Clients, partners, customers Global society: competitors 8

9 What is Internet? a worldwide system of computer networks a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide use a set of protocols called Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) What is Intranet? Networks connecting an affiliated set of clients Using standard Internet Protocols, especially TCP/IP and HTTP, and some FTP IP-based network of nodes behind a set of firewalls 9

10 What is Extranet? part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses How Does Intranet Work? Establish an internal network Via LAN (Local Area Network) Via WAN (Wide Area Network) Via MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) which rely on ISDN (Integrated Services of Digital Network) When TCP/IP protocols are set up, web servers & browsers can be installed to give access to the Intranet. 10

11 FASILITAS INTERNET person-to-person messaging Telnet: logon on into a remote computer (remote login) Chatting: interactive conversations WWW (World Wide Web): retrieve, format, & display information (text, audio, graphics, video) using hypertext links BBS (Bulletin Board System): discussion groups Archive: search database of documents, software WAIS: Locate files in databases using keywords What Tools are in Intranet? A decision-making tool A complete communication tool An expert s tool A customer tool A human resource tool 11

12 Benefits of Intranet Cost-effective communication in corporate Fostering actual/real interaction of knowledge Providing more flexibility in human s abilities to do jobs Promoting secure system of access & interaction Becoming corporate communication tools Corporate can use Extranet for Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) or XML Share product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers or those "in the trade" Collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts Jointly develop and use training programs with other companies Provide or access services provided by one company to a group of other companies, such as an online banking application managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks Share news of common interest exclusively with partner companies 12

13 Security for Intra- & Extra-net require firewall server management, the issuance and use of digital certificates or similar means of user authentication, encryption of messages, and the use of virtual private networks (VPN) that tunnel through the public network. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) an information industry term for methodologies, software, and usually Internet capabilities that help an enterprise manage customer relationships in an organized and efficient manner an enterprise builds a database that describes relationships in sufficient detail so that management, salespeople, and customer service reps can access information; match customer needs with product plans and offerings; remind customers of service requirements; know what other products a customer had purchased; etc. 13

14 Supply chain management (SCM) the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed) Related to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Internetworking for Strategic Advantage 5/8/2013 Kudang B. Seminar 28 14

15 Fundamentals of Strategic Advantage An enterprise must survive in the globally competitive era Internetworking can change the way businesses compete Internetworking is designed & implemented as vital competitive networks that help an enterprise achieve its strategic objectives 5/8/2013 Kudang B. Seminar 29 Information Systems as a Strategic Resource Competitive Marketplace Externally Strategic Company A Internally Strategic Inter-Firm Strategic Focus Alliance Company B 5/8/2013 Kudang B. Seminar 30 15

16 Competitive Forces and Strategies Chapter 2 Competing with Information Technology 31 Competitive Forces Rivalry of competitors within its industry Threats of new entrants, Threats of substitutes, The bargaining power of customers, and The bargaining power of suppliers 16

17 Competitive Strategies Cost Leadership Strategy Differentiation Strategy Innovation Strategy Growth Strategies Alliance Strategies 5/8/2013 Kudang B. Seminar 33 Cost Leadership Strategy Become a low cost producer of products and services Find ways to help suppliers or customers reduce their costs Increase the costs of competitors. 17

18 Differentiation Strategy Develop ways to differentiate products and services from competitors. Reduce the differentiation advantages of competitors. Innovation Strategy Develop new products & services Enter new markets or marketing segments Establish new business alliances Find new ways of producing products/services Find new ways of distributing products/services 18

19 Growth Strategies Significantly expand the company s capacity to produce goods and services Expand into global markets Diversify into new products and services Integrate into related products and services. Alliance Strategies Establish new business linkages and alliances with customers, suppliers, competitors, consultants and other companies (mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, forming virtual companies, etc.). 19

20 Using the Inter-, Intra-, Extra-net Strategically Cost and Efficiency Improvements Performance Improvement in Business Effectiveness Global Market Penetration Product and Service Transformation System Security Internetworking in Global Management 5/8/2013 Kudang B. Seminar 40 20

21 Geographic Concept Towards a Global Company Centralization/Decentralization Mechanistic Isolationism Today Not Invented Here Geographic Presence Central Controllers Replication of Resources Stove Pipe Connection Short Term View Business Concept Any Place Holistic Global Low Boundaries Network of Trust Cultural Fit Core Connectors Economic of Scales Great Network Communications Long Term View Visi & Misi Enterprise: Become a Global Company A global company is a business that is driven by a global strategy which enables to plan and treat all its activities in the context of a whole-world system, and therefore serve its local and global customers with excellence. Global IT Management Cultural, Political, Geo-economic challenges Business/IT Strategies Application Portfolios Technology Platforms Data Management Systems Development 21

22 Business Drivers for Global IT Global customer Global products Global operations Global resources Global collaboration Global IT Platforms Internet or Internet-Like High computing systems Cyber & International Laws Information/Data Encryption & Decryption Open Systems GDSS 22