Research topic: Multimedia Communication over Wireless Mesh Networks
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1 Research topic: Multimedia Communication over Wireless Mesh Networks Marcel Castro
2 Education background Bachelor in Electrical Eng. - Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil 2000 Master or Science in Electrical Eng. State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil PhD in Computer Science Karlstad University (KAU), Karlstad, Sweden - present
3 Introduction Wireless Mesh Networks Usage Scenarios Challenges Outline Current Work and Contributions VoIP over hybrid MANETs Routing Metrics Evaluation Multimedia Communication over P2P in WMNs Future Work
4 Introduction Wireless Mesh Networks Usage Scenarios Challenges Outline Current Work and Contributions VoIP over hybrid MANETs Routing Metrics Evaluation Multimedia Communication over P2P in WMNs Future Work
5 Wireless Mesh Networks Node Types Wireless routers Gateways Link Types Intra-mesh wireless links Stationary client access Printers, servers Mobile client access Mobile clients Stationary clients Internet access links
6 Residential/Home Networks Usage Scenarios Office Campus/Community/Public Access Router/GW
7 Mesh Networks: Challenges Transmission Range Directional Antenna or MIMO Multiple Frequencies Multi-radio interfaces Multihop Routing Route Selection with multiple radios Multiple paths Routing to/from gateway Security, Privacy Malicious Users Admission Control Self Management Minimal human intervention avoid network operator Smart Spectrum Utilization Capacity Mobility Use of non-interference channels Header Compression Aggregation of traffic Priorization Multihop Handover Mobile Gateways Service Scalability Quality of Service Real-time applications Gateway 1 Internet Internet Gateway 2
8 Introduction Wireless Mesh Networks Usage Scenarios Challenges Outline Current Work and Contributions VoIP over hybrid MANETs Routing Metrics Evaluation Multimedia Communication over P2P in WMNs Future Work
9 Voice over IP VoIP over Hybrid MANETs Very hot topic in 3G Uses packetized voice over RTP/UDP/IP High overhead for small voice packets when used over standard Signalling via SIP involves 2 centralized entities: Registrar and Proxy User A e.g. GPRS/UMTS/WLAN User B Mobile Communication Devices Telecom Network Public Internet Wireless Access Networks Mobile PDAs Wireless Sensors Laptops Internet Connectivity Internet Connectivity Mobile Ad Hoc Network
10 Motivation and Characteristics Key Issue: How to provide VoIP services? Potential performance degradation Self Interference due to forwarding Routing required Call Setup Delay: below 5 sec for user satisfaction and interworking with ISDN: Possible Solutions Analyzed* Standard Approach Proxy located at Gateway Distributed SIP SIP signaling delay, network dependent SIP processing delay, proxy dependent Amount of signaling traffic SIP and Service Discovery Peer-to-Peer SIP Media * * M.C. Castro, A.J. Kassler, SIP based Service Provisioning for hybrid MANETs. IWT2007, Brazil, Feb AR1 AR2 INVITE,.. Internet AR3 SIP Request/Response RTP Media Samples Link Connectivity Proxy/ Registrar
11 Standard Approach - Simulation A brief insight through ns-2 simulation: Hybrid MANETs, MNs in grid, Different voice background traffic: ITU G729: 8Kbps, 20ms Bidirectional Exponential traffic talk/silence: 350ms/650ms Distance btw source/destination: 2-7 hops Out-In: 25%-75% SIP INVITE TA SIP Request payload: 500 bytes SIP Response payload: 300bytes Performance in terms of: SIP Call setup delay: Time btw SIP INVITE and 200 OK SIP Call Blocking Probability SIP msg loss IEEE g Data Rate = 24Mbps Link speed of 5Mbps / 2ms AODV-UU Hello Interval: 1s Routing towards Gateway using tunneling Carrier Sence = 500m Received Threshold = 250m Node space in grid = 200m TwoRayGround: Frequency: 2.4GHz Transmission Power = 100mW Tx/Rx Antenna height = 1,5m Tx/Rx Antenna gain = 1dB Sesitivity = -85dBm
12 Standard Approach - Simulation *ITU-T E.721, Network grade of service parameters and target values for circuit-switched services in the evolving isdn, May hops 1 gatew ay 0,9 5 hops 1 gatew ay 2 hops 1 gatew ay 0,8 Call blocking probability (<5sec) 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 Call Setup Delay (s) Blocking Probability SIP msg. drops Number of SIP INVITE messages Re-invitations due to SIP timeout - 2 hops Re-invitations due to SIP msg dropped - 2 hops 0,1 0 Alternative Approaches Desired Re-invitations due to SIP timeout - 5 hops Re-invitations due to SIP msg dropped - 5 hops Number of background flows Number of background flows
13 Proxy located at Gateway Gateway acts as SIP proxy/registrar on behalf of MANET nodes MANET nodes need to have information about the proxy Static configuration, or Autoconfiguration: Extension of GW discovery mechanism to inform MN about Gateway SIP Capability. Media AR1 AR2 INVITE,.. Proxy/ Registrar Internet Proxy/ Registrar SIP Request/Response RTP Media Samples Link Connectivity AR3 * M.C. Castro, A.J. Kassler A.J., Challenges of SIP in Internet Connected MANETs, Proc. of Int. Symposium of Wireless Pervasive Computing, Puerto Rico, February 2007.
14 Proxy located at Gateway Call Setup Delay where Proxy at AN/GW Call Setup Delay versus number of hops PLR versus number of hops
15 Introduction Wireless Mesh Networks Usage Scenarios Challenges Outline Current Work and Contributions VoIP over hybrid MANETs Routing Metrics Evaluation Multimedia Communication over P2P in WMNs Future Work
16 Routing Metrics in WMNs Related Work: QoS related approach: Calculate spare bandwidth Perform admission control on new flow [Chen & Heinzelman, JSAC05] Best-effort approach: Various routing metrics
17 Routing Metrics in WMNs Routing Metric should count: Path Length Link Capacity Packet Loss Ratio Interference: Inter-flow interference: Intra-flow interference:
18 Routing Metrics in WMNs ETX Expected Transmission Count [De Couto et al., MobiCom03] WCETT Weight Cumulative ETT [Draves et al., MobiCom04] MIC Metric of Interference and Channel Switching [Yang et al., WiMesh05]
19 Why new metrics? Metric needs to incorporate existing traffic and selftraffic: Self-traffic
20 How to do it? Use MAC timers [Saha, PhD thesis, Rice Univ., 07] Carrier sense and hidden terminal information [Yin et al., JWCMC06]
21 Where to use it? Packet Aggregation M A C IP U D P R T P AUDIO M A C IP U D P R T P AUDIO M A C DATA D T IP U P R P AUDIO DIFS Backoff SIFS ACK DIFS Backoff SIFS ACK DIFS Backoff SIFS ACK t M A C IP AH IP U D P R T P AUDIO IP U DATA D P R T P AUDIO IP U D P R T P AUDIO DIFS Backoff SIFS ACK t Traffic aware routing saved transmission time
22 Introduction Wireless Mesh Networks Usage Scenarios Challenges Outline Current Work and Contributions VoIP over hybrid MANETs Routing Metrics Evaluation Multimedia Communication over P2P in WMNs Future Work
23 P2P in WMNs Advantages of P2P over centralized infrastructure: Significant autonomy from central servers Exploits resources at the edges of the Internet storage and content CPU cycles Resources at edge have intermittent connectivity, being added & removed Classification: Unstructured P2P file sharing: Napster, Gnutella, KaZaA, search theory, flashfloods Structured DHT systems: Chord, CAN, Pastry, Tapestry, Bamboo, etc
24 Broad definition P2P file sharing Napster, Gnutella, KaZaA, etc P2P communication Instant messaging P2P computation DHTs & their apps Chord, CAN, Pastry, Tapestry P2P apps built over emerging overlays PlanetLab
25 Peer-to-Peer SIP INVITE REGISTER => Contact: columbia.edu Client-server maintenance, configuration, controlled infrastructure Alice s host INVITE alice P2P overlay REGISTER Alice No central server, but potentially higher search latency Cross-layer Cross-layer design: design: -Interaction -Interaction between between P2P P2P Protocols Protocols (DHT (DHT maintenance) maintenance) and and SIP SIP -All -All SIP SIP users users participate participate in in the the P2P P2P overlay overlay
26 Peer-to-Peer SIP cont. P2P SIP Functions Lookup: Find a node that is responsible for given ID through INVITE Node answers 200OK if responsible, otherwise 302 moved temporarily Join the P2P overlay Send REGISTER to Bootstrap node with nodeid, build up finger table Leave the P2P Leaving node stores ressources at predecessor Distributed hash table (DHT) Manage SIP user location Node-ID 683 = hash(bob@kau.se) Overlay maintanance P2P protocol, e.g: OpenDHT, or SIP REGISTER may transport DHT Internet connected MANET Hierarchy of P2P SIP network GW must act as P2P SIP proxy/registrar Bob s Node Node-ID 683 Node C Node-ID INVITE INVITE Alice s Node Node-ID 503 Node A Node-ID Bob s Node Node B Node-ID 24 Alice trying to contact Bob
27 P2P SIP with DHT in hybrid MANET Problems Which protocol is used to maintain P2P SIP Overlay? Reuse SIP REGISTER for maintaining overlay structure Use OpenDHT for register and SIP for INVITE TA Performance of DHT in MANET under mobility and high churn rate? Interworking with external networks: Need P2PSIP node to act as gateway to external networks How P2PSIP finds those gateways? How to contact external nodes? Cross register OR Locate user during call setup DNS GW or Bootstrap nodes represent the domain P2P SIP Hierarchy GW reachable from global and local P2P SIP Network
28 Current Status VoIP over Hybrid MANETs Four proposals described Scalability versus number of hops, gateways, and different number of traffics. Simulation in NS-2: SIP + AODV-UU
29 Introduction Wireless Mesh Networks Usage Scenarios Challenges Outline Current Work and Contributions VoIP over hybrid MANETs Routing Metrics Evaluation Multimedia Communication over P2P in WMNs Future Work
30 Future Plans VoIP over Hybrid MANETs Evaluate SIP over P2P in simulation and testbed (using Linksys WRT54GL) Packet Aggregation Design of optimal Aggregation Technique using Traffic-aware Routing Metric Evaluation of packet aggregation over testbed P2P Systems in WMNs Cross-layer adaptation (physical location, link condition, ) Support of Quality of Service (Admission control, class of service, )
31 Thank you! Marcel C. Castro
32 Backup Slides
33 Node Joining Extended SIP Msg Joining Node Node-ID REGISTER 302 Node B Bootstrap Node Node-ID REGISTER 3. REGISTER 302 Node C Node B Node-ID 245 Key = Hash( ) = Node-ID OK Node C Node-ID 520 Iterative search increases reliability 4. Joining node after join Node-ID 503 REGISTER sip: SIP/2.0 To: <sip:503@ ;user=node> From: <sip:503@ ;user=node> Contact: <sip:503@ ;user=node> Expires: 600 DHT-NodeID: <sip:503@ ;user=node>;algorithm= sha1;overlay=chat; expires=600 Require: dht Supported: dht
34 User Registration Extended SIP Msg Alice s Node Node-ID 503 Node A Node-ID 023 Key = Hash(alice@example.com)= Alice -> REGISTER 302 Node B 2. REGISTER 200 OK Node B Node-ID 245 Alice-> Alice s Node Node C Node-ID 520 User s node must register in DHT SIP REGISTER used for nodes and users Alice s Node Node-ID 503 REGISTER sip: SIP/2.0 To: <sip:alice@example.com; resourceid=234> From: <sip:alice@example.com; resourceid=234> Contact: <sip:alice@ > Expires: 600 DHT-NodeID: <sip:503@ ;user=node>;algorithm=sha1;o verlay=chat; expires=1200 Require: dht Supported: dht
35 Contacting a User Extended SIP Msg Bob s Node Node-ID INVITE Node A Node-ID 023 Bob-> Bob s Node 302 Bob s Node Alice -> 234 Bob -> 723 Node C Node-ID 520 DHT used for initial location 2. INVITE Alice s Node Node-ID 503 Node B Node-ID 245 Alice-> Alice s Node REGISTER sip: SIP/2.0 To: <sip:bob@example.com;resourceid=723> From: <sip:alice@example.com; resourceid=234> DHT-NodeID: <sip:503@ ;user=node>;algorithm=sha1;o verlay=chat; expires=800 Require: dht Supported: dht
36 Session Establishment Bob s Node Node-ID 683 Node A Node-ID 023 Bob-> Bob s Node Alice -> 234 Bob -> 723 Node C Node-ID 520 Node B Node-ID 245 Alice-> Alice s Node Standard SIP used for connection No reliance on DHT Alice s Node Node-ID 503
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