Interdomain Routing Policies in the Internet: Massimo Rimondini

Transcription

1 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI ROMA TRE Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione Interdomain Routing Policies in the Internet: Inference and Analysis Massimo Rimondini Defense of the PhD in Computer Science and Engineering Mar 16th, 2007

2 Interdomain Routing ISP Autonomous Systems BGP WAN LAN Internet

3 Routing Policies

4 Why Routing Directions Policies? Routing Interdomain dynamics topology discovery Routing Inference consistency of commercial relationships Traffic Oscillation engineering prevention Debugging Interplay of routing policies Traffic Emulation engineering of computer networks Interconnection strategies??

5 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI ROMA TRE Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione Interdomain Topology Discovery

6 State of the Art CAIDA Skitter B. Huffaker, D. Plummer, D. Moore, kc claffy. Topology Discovery by Active Probing. Proc. SAINT 02 kc claffy. Internet Measurement and Data Analysis: Topology, Workload, Performance and Routing Statistics. NAE Workshop, 1999 University of Washington Rocketfuel N. Spring, R. Mahajan, D. Wetherall, T. Anderson. Measuring ISP Topologies with Rocketfuel. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 2004 N. Spring, R. Mahajan, T. Anderson. Quantifying the Causes of Path Inflation. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 2003 R. Mahajan, N. Spring, D. Wetherall, T. Anderson. Inferring Link Weights using End-to-End Measurements. Proc. IMW 02

7 State of the Art AS level Router level

8 BGP Probing C C 1 6 C

9 BGP Probing 0 0{12} 30{12} 3 C {12} {12} 8 C 1 6 C

10 BGP Probing: Contributions Probing primitives AS-set stuffing Withdrawal observation Exploration algorithm Experimentation on the IPv4/IPv6 Internet Route flap dampening analysis Publications Technical report ISCC 2006 Journal (pending acceptance)

11 BGP Probing: Results Method IPv6 IPv4 ASes Links ASes Links Stable state Withdrawal 94 (2.9 ) 211 (6.8 ) 28 (1.2 ) 49 (2.1 ) Level-by-level 97 (3 ) 222 (7.2 ) 29 (1.2 ) 55 (2.4 ) Protocol Induced by W on global (I) Withdrawal graph (W) I only W only IPv (51%) (13%) IPv (50%) (14%) IPv (51%) (17%) IPv (25%) (2%)

12 IRR Data Extraction Internet Routing Registry assignment of Internet resources (IP addresses, AS numbers) routing policies Volunteered updates inconsistent registrations out of date information

13 IRR Data Extraction Routing Policy Specification Language aut-num: AS137 import: from AS20965 action pref=100; from AS1299 action pref=100; accept ANY [...] export: to AS1299 announce AS-GARR [...] changed: source: RIPE

14 IRR Data Extraction Routing Policy Specification Language aut-num: ASX5 import: { from ASX2:AS-Z2 accept /8; } refine { from ASX1 ASX2 accept /16; } except { from ASX3 accept /24;} export: to ASX1:PRNG-Y1 to ASX1:AS-Z1 except ASX9 announce /24 mp-export: to ASX11 at 2001::1 announce 2001::/48 default: to ASX12 action pref=10 default: to ASX at

15 IRR Data Extraction aut-num: AS24336 as-name: DIGITALBANK-JP descr: d-b net Backbone import: from AS17685 accept ANY export: to AS17685 announce AS24336 admin-c: DM210-JP tech-c: DM211-JP notify: mnt-by: MAINT-AS24336 changed: source: RADB aut-num: AS24336 as-name: DIGITALBANK-JP descr: DIGITALBANK, Inc., Regional ISP in Japan country: JP import: from AS17685 action pref=100; accept ANY import: from AS7682 action pref=100; accept ANY export: to AS17685 announce AS24336 export: to AS7682 announce AS24336 admin-c: DM210-AP tech-c: DM211-AP notify: mnt-routes: MAINT-JP-DIGITALBANK mnt-by: MAINT-JP-DIGITALBANK changed: source: APNIC

16 IRR Data Extraction: Contribs A methodology to extract BGP links from the IRR A classification of the links into confidence levels An on-line service Extracted links Statistics about the health of the IRR Collaboration with the RIPE NCC Publications Technical report ACM SIGCOMM MineNet 2006

17 IRR Data Extraction: Results APNIC ARIN RADB RIPE VERIO APNIC ARIN RADB RIPE VERIO This work RIPE RRCC [mahadevan06] (RIPE only) [zhang05] (RIPE) [siganos04]

18 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI ROMA TRE Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione Inference of Commercial Relationships N W E

19 Commercial Relationships 0 3 C C 1 6 C

20 Commercial Relationships 0 Core Provider Peer 4 5 Peer Customer 6 7 C 8 9 C C

21 State of the Art X. Dimitropoulos, D. Krioukov, B. Huffaker, kc claffy, G. Riley. Inferring AS Relationships: combined Dead End or Lively Beginning? LNCS, 2005 approach G. Di Battista, M. Patrignani, M. Pizzonia. Computing the Types of the Relationships between SAT Autonomous based Systems. Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 03 heuristics T. Erlebach, A. Hall, T. Schank. Classifying Customer-Provider Relationships in the Internet. Proc. CCN 02 L. Subramanian, S. Agarwal, J. Rexford, R. H. Katz. Characterizing the Internet Hierarchy from Multiple Vantage Points. Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 02 L. Gao. On Inferring Autonomous System Relationships in the Internet. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2001 Z. Ge, D. R. Figueiredo, S. Jaiswal, L. Gao. On the Hierarchical hierarchy Structure of the Logical Internet Graph. Proc. SPIE ITCom 01 L. Gao. On Inferring Autonomous System Relationships in the Internet. Proc. IEEE Global Internet Symposium 00 SAT based apx algorithms combinatorial formulation vantage points policies degree based

22 Validation

23 Validation Inference algorithms Comparative validation Data set (AS paths) Algorithm independence report Stability report

24 Validation: Contributions Methodology Set of measures Software suite Validation of [sark02] against [dpp03] Publications IPS 2004

25 Commercial Relationships: Results Algorithm independence (% consistent assignments on same data set) >90% Stability (% consistent assignments over consecutive data sets) [dpp03]: between 95% and 99% [sark02]: between 96% and 99% # edges # changes

26 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI ROMA TRE Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione Traffic Engineering W S N

27 Traffic Engineering

28 State of the Art R. K. C. Chang, M. Lo. Inbound Traffic Engineering for Multihomed ASes Using AS Path Prepending. Proc. NOMS 04 B. Quoitin, C. Pelsser, L. Swinnen, O. Bonaventure, S. Uhlig. Interdomain Traffic Engineering with BGP. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2003 N. Feamster, J. Borkenhagen, J. Rexford. Guidelines for Interdomain Traffic Engineering. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2003 guidelines B. Quoitin, S. Uhlig, C. Pelsser, O. Bonaventure. Internet Traffic Engineering Techniques. TR, 2002 L. Swinnen, S. Tandel, S. Uhlig, B. Quoitin, O. Bonaventure. An Evaluation of BGP-based Traffic Engineering Techniques. TR, 2002 D. Awduche, A. Chiu, A. Elwalid, I. Widjaja, and X. Xiao. Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering. RFC 3272, L. Gao, F. Wang. The Extent of AS Path Inflation by Routing Policies. Proc. IEEE Global Internet Symposium 02 H. Tangmunarunkit, R. Govindan, observation S. Shenker, D. Estrin. The Impact of Routing Policy on Internet Paths. Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 01

29 Seeking for Optimal Prepending ILP formulation Different objective functions Multiple prefixes Tie break Computational geometry u i prepending on u i 1 2 X 3 0 X

30 Traffic Engineering: Contribs Two formal models Avoid trial-and-error Pluggable requirements Algorithmic optimization Publications IPS MoMe 2005

31 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI ROMA TRE Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione Interplay of Routing Policies S E W

32 Policy Probing N. T. Spring. Efficient Discovery of Network Topology and Routing Policy in the Internet. PhD Thesis U. Washington F. Wang, L. Gao. Inferring and Characterizing Internet Routing Policies. ACM SIGCOMM IM 03 See commercial relationships

33 Policy Probing {1,6,7} 0{1,3,5,6,7,9} C C 9 C !?

34 Policy Probing: Contributions Path feasibility determination Path preference comparison Experiments on the IPv4/IPv6 Internet

35 Stability J. L. Sobrinho. Network Routing with Path Vector Protocols: Theory and Applications. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 03 T. G. Griffin, F. Bruce Shepherd, G. Wilfong. The Stable Paths Problem and Interdomain Routing. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2002 L. Gao, T. G. Griffin, J. Rexford. Inherently Safe Backup Routing with BGP. Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 01 T. Griffin, G. T. Wilfong. A Safe Path Vector Protocol. Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 00 K. Varadhan, R. Govindan, D. Estrin. Persistent Route Oscillations in Inter-domain Routing. Elsevier Computer Networks, 2000 L. Gao, J. Rexford. Stable Internet Routing without Global Coordination. Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS 00 T. G. Griffin, F. B. Shepherd, G. Wilfong. Policy Disputes in Path-Vector Protocols. Proc. ICNP 99)

36 Stability

37 Stability: Contributions Event timings Two kinds of stability strict stability forwarding stability Properties Transitions & reachability

38 UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI ROMA TRE Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione Emulation of Computer Networks

39 State of the Art Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden IMUNES - An Integrated Multiprotocol Network Emulator / Simulator University of Zagreb Technical University of Madrid UMLMON - Virtualization with User Mode Linux Gerd Stolpmann

40 Netkit The poor man's system to experiment computer networking Easy to install and use Lightweight Easy setup of complex experiences Compact all-in-one virtual labs blah blah blah... Corpus of ready-to-use labs & teaching material

41

42 Contributions Improved user interface Stability Functionalities Usability Improved labs Self tests Lecture slides Publications Technical report Nearly submitted paper F Beta

43 Overall To contributions Do Interdomain topology discovery complexity & effectiveness of algorithms network validate other measurements algorithms describe bounds on the complexity space of solutions hierarchy case efficiency study game accuracy theory locate stable states upgrade system characterization of networking tools new features new & improved labs integration with other products Commercial relationships Traffic engineering Policy discovery Stability Emulation

44 Thank you!