On the importance and pervasiveness of computer networking

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1 26 Computer Networks Giuseppe Di Battista Roma Tre University Massimo Rimondini Roma Tre University 26.1 Introduction Benefits of Visualizing Computer Networks 26.2 The Very Basics of Computer Networking A Network Model Interconnection Technologies Routers, Routing and Routing Protocols The Internet Structure The User s Point of View 26.3 A Taxonomy of Methods and Tools for Visualizing Computer Networks Data to be Visualized Drawing Conventions Graph Drawing Methodologies User Interfaces Licenses 26.4 Data Sources Networks Managed by the Same Entity Requesting the Visualization Foreign Networks 26.5 Tools for Visualizing Local Networks Internet Visualization Global Visualization Partial Visualization Visualization of the ISP s Hierarchy 26.7 Visualizing the Network of an ISP Basic Internet Services Introduction On the importance and pervasiveness of computer networking Benefits of Visualizing Computer Networks For network administrators: capacity planning, network design, interdomain peering, troubleshooting, maintenance, monitoring For the research community: topology reconstruction, model validation, random network generation and testing, event analysis 26.2 The Very Basics of Computer Networking A Network Model Overview of the TCP/IP stack Interconnection Technologies /01/$0.00+$1.50 c 2004 by CRC Press, LLC 1

2 2 CHAPTER 26. COMPUTER NETWORKS Overview of link layer technologies (Ethernet, WiFi, WiMax, SDH, DWDM, etc.) Routers, Routing and Routing Protocols IP Routing protocols The Internet Structure Autonomous Systems Interdomain routing and peerings The User s Point of View What a common user needs to know about a network What an operator needs to know about a network What a researcher needs to know about a network 26.3 A Taxonomy of Methods and Tools for Visualizing Computer Networks There are several interesting aspects in the operation of a network that can be better investigated by taking advantage of a visualization system. For this reason, a variety of tools has been made available, each designed to address a certain kind of analysis. The existence of many tools aimed at visualizing computer networks can make it difficult to point out which is the best one that suits specific requirements. This section proposes a classification of existing visualization tools according to some fundamental coordinates: the set of data being visualized, the drawing paradigm that is used to display information, the features made available by the user interface, and the kind of license under which the tools are distributed Data to be Visualized Scale: a local area network, the network of an Interner Service Provider, the Internet Granularity: a network at the routers level, the network of an Interner Service Provider that uses OSPF at the Areas level, the the Internet at the interdomain routing level Kind of displayed network information besides topology (bandwidth, traffic measures, etc.) Data source (Testing data sets, current network status, live routing data, Route Views, RIS, etc.) Collection rate (daily, hourly, etc.) Usage of absolute geographic location coordinates Collection strategies (active probing, passive monitoring, etc.)

3 26.4. DATA SOURCES Drawing Conventions Spatial dimension (2D, 3D) Graph drawing standard (straight line, upward, planar vs non-planar, etc., hierarchical) Graph Drawing Methodologies Force-directed methods Upward planarity Hierarchical drawing algorithms User Interfaces Static/Dynamic(Animated) Possibility of user interaction (no interaction, interaction with the visualization, interaction with the network e.g., for configuration ) Update rate (real time, deferred, etc.) Licenses Type of tool (library, application/applet, etc.) License (commercial, free) 26.4 Data Sources Networks Managed by the Same Entity Requesting the Visualization Accessing a Management Information Base (MIB) via SNMP Accessing a Network Management Database set-up by some Network Management Platform (e.g. HP-Openview) Foreign Networks Active probing (traceroute, ping) Interdomain updates collection Registries 26.5 Tools for Visualizing Local Networks 26.6 Internet Visualization Global Visualization Partial Visualization Route flapping

4 4 CHAPTER 26. COMPUTER NETWORKS Persistent routing instabilities Visualization of the ISP s Hierarchy 26.7 Visualizing the Network of an ISP 26.8 Basic Internet Services Visualization of , multicasting, peer-to-peer (the Web is out of the scope) (security is out of the scope)

5 Bibliography [DETT99] G. Di Battista, P. Eades, R. Tamassia, and I. G. Tollis. Graph Drawing. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, /01/$0.00+$1.50 c 2004 by CRC Press, LLC 1

PoP Level Mapping And Peering Deals

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