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1 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
2 Introduction to IP Mobility Session 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Agenda IP Mobility Overview Terminology Mobile IP Access Technology Examples Cisco Technologies for IP Mobility Security Issues Summary 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
3 IP Mobility Overview 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Challenge of Mobility in the Internet Mobile Node A x B Internet C D Route Next x.x A x.x D Route Next 171.x.x.x B x???? A D x.x B Internet C Route Next 171.x.x.x B 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
4 IP Mobility Definition IP mobility allows a mobile device to change connection points to an IP network while maintaining IP routability to the mobile device 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 IP Roaming Roaming allows an IP server application to be reachable via a pre-assigned name and/or IP address regardless of point of connection 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
5 IP Handoff IP Handoff allows an IP client or server application to maintain a session (TCP/UDP) while the IP network connection changes 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Mobility Implications for Servers IP server applications include Web, Telnet, FTP, or VoIP Server uses registered IP address and/or name, and Port Number The server IP address may not be routable over the current point of connection How to reach an IP server via its IP address which is not routable to the server s current point of connection? IP mobile servers require IP roaming IP mobile servers may need IP handoff 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10
6 Mobility Implications for Clients IP client applications include Web, Ftp, Telnet, or VoIP Client may use dynamically assigned IP address associated with a given access link How to maintain an application session (TCP/UDP) while changing access links? Roaming not need for client applications 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Wireless and IP Mobility Terminology 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12
7 IP Mobility Framework Architecture Security Infrastructure QoS Infrastructure IP Cloud Home Network Trust Domain (TD 1 ) Access Router (AR 1 ) TD 2 AR 2 AR 3 Access Link (AL 1 ) Access AL 2 AL 3 Point (AP AL 4 3 ) Mobile Node (MN) Moves _05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Mobile Node (MN) An IP device which changes access links from time to time A mobile node may be a host or router IP Mobile Node 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 14
8 Mobile Nodes Mobile Hosts Many Functions Notebook PCs Power + Content PC Companions Creation Few Functions Cost Data-Plus Plus-Voice Content Access Voice-Plus Mobility Requirements 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Mobile Node Mobile Router (MR) Gateway for mobile subnet Optional address translation Multiple IP interfaces Satellite Cellular Wireless LAN Ethernet MR Workgroup Bridge 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16
9 Access Point (AP) IP Access point provides physical layer access to a mobile node Access point may be wired or wireless Access Point Satellite Ethernet Switch Access Point 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Access Link (AL) Data link between mobile node and the access router Wireless WAN GSM/UMTS, GPRS, CDMA, CDPD, EDGE, satellite Wired DSL, cable, Ethernet Wireless LAN/PAN , , Bluetooth, infrared IP IP Access Link 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
10 Access Router (AR) Mobile node s first hop IP router Terminates access link protocol Usually PPP or Ethernet framing Supports security and QoS May support roaming and handoff Examples Packet Data Service Node (PDSN), Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), Cisco IOS with foreign agent, AS Access Router IP IP 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Trusted Domain (TD) Collection of access routers and IP infrastructure with pre-established trust relationships Examples Enterprise network Private IP network Wireless IP network 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
11 Home Network A virtual or physical IP network Advertises route containing mobile node host or network IP address Home network tunnels to mobile node when MN is away from home Provides DNS service for assigned IP address or subnet Enables handoff 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Security Infrastructure Contains security servers which authenticate/authorize the use of an access link by a mobile node May also allow mobile node to authenticate the access network Examples Authentication, Authorization, Accounting server Kerberos server 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22
12 QoS Infrastructure Contains QoS servers with policy definition and authorization for a mobile node Examples COPS server AAA server with QoS extensions 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Access Network Supports multiple access links and services of the same access technology May include authentication and encryption Examples General Packet Radio Server (GPRS) PSTN/ISDN Cellular 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24
13 Mobile IP _05_2001_c1 1999, 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 Mobile IP Layer 3 Mobility Route Next Tunnel A Home Agent Route Next EO D B Route Next x.x A x.x D Internet C Route Next 171.x.x.x B A dynamic tunnel from the home network to the current location 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 26
14 Mobile IP Transparent connectivity to all other hosts Mobile always reachable at the same IP address Only the home/foreign agent needs to know the mobile s location All other routers do normal forwarding 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 Overview: Mobile IP Terminology HA Internet FA Home Agent (HA) Foreign Agent (FA) Mobile Node (MN) Care of Address (COA) Correspondent Node (CN) MN 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 28
15 Access Technology Examples 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Cellular Acronyms GSM Global System for Mobile communications BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station Controller MSC Mobile Switching Center PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network NAS Network Access Server GPRS General Packet Radio Service SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node RNC Radio Network Controller PDSN Packet Data Service Node 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30
16 Mobile Wireless Access Networks Local Area Networks b, a Wide Area Networks GSM, CDMA, Ricochet Personal Area Networks Bluetooth, _05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved Access Network Access Point? Access Point Internet Access Point?? Access Router Access Link 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32
17 GSM IP Access Networks 2G GSM 2.5G GPRS BTS BTS Circuit BSC BSC Circuit SGSN MSC ISDN Data/Voice GGSN PSTN V.110/V.90 NAS? 3G UMTS Node B Circuit RNC Frame Relay SGSN IP Tunnel ATM IP/ATM IP Tunnel? GGSN? Internet? Access Router Access Link 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 CDMA IP Access Networks 2G GSM BTS Circuit BSC Circuit MSC ISDN Data/Voice PSTN V.90 NAS? Home Agent 2.5G GPRS BTS BSC PSDN Circuit IP Tunnel? Simple IP Mobile IP Tunnel to Home Agent Internet? Access Router Access Link 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34
18 Cisco Technologies for IP Mobility 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 CDMA 2000 Architecture Layer 2 and Layer 3 Mobility Visited Access Provider Network Mobile Station Mobile Client R-P Interface Access Network BSC/PCF VLR Visited AAA PDSN FA R-P Interface A10/A11 MIP/GRE Cisco s Current Product Offerings FA SS7 Network AAA Server AAA Broker Network IP Network Home IP Network HLR Home Access Provider Network Home AAA HA Home ISP Private Network Visited Provider Home Provider 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 36
19 Mobile Router: Layer 3 Mobility FA MR (FA) HA CN 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 Wireless LAN : Layer 2 and Layer 3 Mobility Roaming/Handoff Wireline Infrastructure Internet 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 38
20 GPRS Network Elements: Layer 2 Mobility BTS BTS Internal Frame Relay Network BSC SGSN SGSN Internal Packet Network Border Gateway Router Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) Firewall GGSN (Cisco 7200 and Cisco IOS ) Corporate Intranet Internet Management (SNMP) DHCP Server Charging Gateway Function DNS Server Security Server (RADIUS) Application Server Cisco Data Solution Is Shown in Red Cisco GGSN Is an Integral Part to Complete the Cisco End-to-End Data Infrastructure for the Operator 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 39 MNET GSM Technology: Application Layer Mobility True H.323-Based Wireless VoIP Network Ethernet VoIP Handset Handset GP10 GP10 VoIP GSM Mobility Controller VoIP Gateway PBX Service Providers Handset Browser 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 40
21 Security Issues 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 41 Network to User The security infrastructure requires a username and password before allowing mobile node to use an access link PPP authentication for wireless WAN 802.1x authentication wireless LAN A-key authentication for cellular 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 42
22 User to Network The mobile node verifies a username and password from the security infrastructure before using an access link PPP authentication for wireless WAN 802.1x authentication wireless LAN No user to network authentication for cellular 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 43 Other Attacks Wireless networks are more susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks and eavesdropping than wired networks IPSEC may be need to protect against both man-in-the-middle and eavesdropping 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 44
23 Summary 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 Summary Roaming allows an IP mobile device to maintain reach-ability from different access links and access networks while using the same IP address and/or name Handoff allows an IP mobile device to maintain application sessions while changing access links Wireless networks are more susceptible to security risks than wired networks Both IP hosts and IP networks can be mobile Mobile IP is useful for roaming and handoff 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 46
24 Related Networkers Sessions Introduction to Wireless Access Technology WMT-101 Deploying and Managing Wireless LANs WMT-210 Deploying Mobile Wireless Applications and Services WMT-240 Deploying Packet Data Services in Mobile Wireless Networks WMT _05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 47 References Mobile Wireless Overview s122/122cgcr/fmwire_c/mwcfbkov.htm Mobile IP/PDSN GPRS technology.html wp.htm Wireless LAN airo_ov.htm 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 48
25 Introduction to IP Mobility Session 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 49 Please Complete Your Evaluation Form Session 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50
26 3001_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 51
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