Next-Generation ROADMs
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1 Next-Generation ROADMs October 1, 2012 Sheldon Walklin CTO, Optelian
2 Contents troduction Wavelength Selective Switch Colorless, Directionless and Contentionless Flexible Bandwidth ROADMs and Transmission Beyond 100 Gb/s ROADM Control, OpenFlow and SDN Conclusion 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 2
3 Wavelength Selective Switch Functionality Nx1 SW 1 VOA 1 Port 1 Port N SW M... VOA M mon 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 3
4 Colorless, Directionless and Contentionless (CDC) Colorless Any wavelength can be dynamically added/dropped without having to re-fiber a transceiver. Directionless A wavelength can be dynamically added/dropped from any direction without having to re-fiber a transceiver. Contentionless A wavelength can be re-used on all directions without any restrictions Optelian. All rights reserved. 4
5 4-Degree ROADM (Colored) B general, can build an N-degree ROADM using Nx1 s and 1xN splitters. A C The color and direction are fixed by fiber connections. A B C D A B C D Colored add ports D Colored drop ports Transceiver Rx Tx 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 5
6 4-Degree ROADM (Colorless) B Any transceiver wavelength (color) can be remotely configured A C The direction is fixed by fiber connections. Reduced number of access ports compared to colored. A B C D A B C D Colorless add ports D 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 6 Colorless drop ports Transceiver Rx Tx
7 Colorless and Directionless Drop directions A B C D 4x1 1xN... Colorless drop ports Wavelength Contention Add directions A B C D... Colorless add ports Passive combiner Structure for cross connecting between degrees remains the same as shown for the 4-degree ROADM on earlier slide Optelian. All rights reserved. 7
8 Colorless, Directionless and Contentionless (using NxM s) drop directions A B C D 4xN... CDC drop ports add directions A B C D Nx4... CDC add ports 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 8
9 Colorless, Directionless and Contentionless (using Broadcast-and-Select with Tunable Filters) Drop directions A B C D Add directions A B C D 4x1 SW 4x1 SW 4x1 SW 4x1 SW 4x1 SW 4x1 SW TF TF TF CDC add ports CDC drop ports 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 9
10 Colorless, Directionless and Contentionless (using Adjunct NxM Photonic Switches) B Use NxM photonic switches to upgrade existing colored ROADMs to full CDC functionality A C A B C D A B C D NxM Switch... NxM Switch... Colorless add ports Colorless drop ports D 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 10 Transceiver Rx Tx
11 Ideal CDC Directions A B C CDC ROADM (module) D Concept module Non-blocking wavelength switching between any set of ports. Per wavelength attenuation control at line egress ports. Low insertion loss (up to a few db) Very high reliability. CDC drop ports CDC add ports 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 11
12 The Benefit of CDC Functionality R1 s2 s1 s3 R3 R2 s4 R4 s7 s6 R7 s8 s9 s10 s5 R5 s11 R6 s12 R8 Without CDC, cannot automatically restore optical circuit for failure on Span S1 or S6, or power failure at Node R2 or R4. CDC allows more flexibility to remotely reroute optical circuit when optimizing network utilization. Consideration: OTN and/or Layer 2+ protection and switching capabilities may reduce need for optical circuit dynamic routing Optelian. All rights reserved. 12
13 Flexible Bandwidth ROADMs Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4 Ch5 Flexible bandwidth (FB) ROADMs (aka gridless ROADMs) allow the passband center and/or width to be dynamically adjusted. Many people advocate that FB ROADMs will be required to support bit rates beyond 100G Optelian. All rights reserved. 13
14 Considerations for Transmission Beyond 100 Gb/s For 40G and 100G transmission, the client interface has transitioned to parallel optics, while the line interface has retained single-carrier optics for improved transmission capacity. Parallel optics will likely be required on the line interface for bit rates approaching 1 Tb/s and beyond. Multi-carrier channels or superchannels are likely to be used for longhaul transmission beyond 100 Gb/s, with PDM-QPSK used for each constituent carrier. PDM-xQAM may be used in Metro (shorter distance) applications. Although FB ROADMs may provide improved spectral efficiency, they are not required for transmission beyond 100 Gb/s Optelian. All rights reserved. 14
15 ROADM Control Automated Optical Layer Controls the power level of each wavelength at ROADM ports to a set target (Automatic Power Balancing) Span or link gain control Automated Wavelength Circuit Provisioning Impairment-aware path computation (wavelength routing) ROADM switch configuration 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 15
16 Automated Wavelength Circuit Provisioning 5 done 1 wavelength circuit request 2 A-to-Z circuit request with routing constraints Optical Network Connection Controller 4 signaling viable route(s) and required regen location(s) 3 Path putation Element impairment-aware 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 16
17 OpenFlow and SDN R1 s2 s1 s3 R3 R2 s4 R4 s7 s6 R7 s8 s9 s5 R6 R8 s10 s12 R5 s11 App OpenFlow Controller App App Centralized dynamic control Simple flow table entry at each ROADM for wavelength connection Smart Apps must be aware of topology, resource availability and state, fiber properties, impairment modeling, etc. Opportunity for OpenFlow applications to have multilayer control and visibility Apps can evolve independently of physical network 2011 Optelian. All rights reserved. 17
18 Conclusion Current generation ROADMs use modules and have colored or colorless access ports. CDC functionality generally has a higher capital cost and lower access port density, but may provide lower operational costs. FB ROADMs may provide improved spectral efficiency, but are not required to achieve transmission beyond 100 Gb/s Multi-carrier channels or superchannels will likely be used for long-haul transmission beyond 100 Gb/s, with PDM-QPSK used for each constituent carrier. PDM-xQAM may see application in the Metro Automated ROADM networks are well-suited to centralized control, making OpenFlow a good match. This could also facilitate multi-layer control Optelian. All rights reserved. 18
19 Thank You
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