M. Danelutto. University of Pisa. IFIP 10.3 Nov 1, 2003
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1 M. Danelutto University of Pisa IFIP 10.3 Nov 1, 2003
2 GRID: current status A RISC grid core Current experiments Conclusions M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
3 GRID: current status A RISC grid core Current experiments Conclusions M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
4 Characterization of GRID Tools Abstract machine view Current, GRID aware applications M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
5 Target architectures for complex computations Complex, multidisciplinary, multilanguage Heterogeneous HW & SW heterogeneous Dinamic Instant (latency!) and long range (node up&down) Distributed Geographic scale networks M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
6 Middleware Between hw & sw! Many flavours One winner Complex functionalties Scheduling, resource manag., data/code staging, monitoring, etc. All is in charge to the appl. programmer! Applications Middleware / services Hardware/OS M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
7 Layer 0 OS services, common core (TCP, POSIX) Layer 1 Middleware (resource discovery/management, code/data staging, remote execution, security, monitoring) Layer 2 Programming environment (PSE, in some cases) Layer 3 Applications M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
8 Case A Embarassingly parallel computations (CONDOR like), no heterogenity, dinamicity Case B Esplicitly needed resources (compiler, CPU power, ), hand made placement, no dinamicity (but instant one) Case C Data intensive/data driven applications (no dinamicity, heterogenity) M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
9 Case D High level parallel code, high level requirement specs, automatical resource discovery, automatic adaption, automatic restucturing upon dynamic changes lowering overall performance, M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
10 GRID: current status A RISC grid core Current experiments Conclusions M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
11 Perspective Basic functionalities Implementation M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
12 GRID components actively participate to offer services Subject Entity needing services Entity providing services RGC basic service: computing services M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
13 Need to compute A What to be a GRID actor X X What to be a GRID actor X X X M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
14 Run RISC GRID RTS Run RISC GRID RTS X X Run RISC GRID RTS X X X M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
15 Analize Appl requirements Application Manager Security Code Staging X X Data staging X X X Data staging Security M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
16 Secure access (user classes, certificates, etc.) Code & Data staging (on demand!) Secure data/code staging Introspection/reflection/meta info Remote control (monitor, checkpoint, interrupt&resume) Accounting All services managed from application! M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
17 Identify class of users Allow different sandbox levels Guarantee unique id & certificates Use session certificates for the single computation M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
18 On demand No long range consistency Completely application driven Caching allowed/enforced upon application directives To enhance appl. performance as well as multiple runs performance M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
19 Session certificates Data & code on demand, default encode Performance issues Latency/bandwidth vs. cypher/decypher time Critical? Very often latency much larger! M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
20 Needed to gather compatibility info Needed to set up application deployment Open format E.g. XML Service To be asked from application manager Announce When announcing node availability w.r.t. grid M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
21 Available to the application manager To monitor code execution To preempt no more useful computations To force different behaviour upon performance changes (loss w.r.t. theoretical model) M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
22 Needed to bill users! Account CPU time Different policies per user class Different policies per type (idle time, ) Must be present to make the approach acceptable Differently from other points above! M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
23 Appl A embarassingly Start comp on Two parallel workers: Perf suboptimal Look Code for workers staging (wait for Data (task) staging intermediate results) place another worker X X X X X Reflection: Start May compute computing Reflection: Start May computing compute Reflection: Start May compute computing M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
24 Appl A embarassingly Start comp on Two parallel workers: Perf suboptimal Look Code for workers staging (wait for Data (task) staging intermediate results) place another worker X X X X X Reflection: Start May compute computing Fault/user back office/ Stop computing Reflection: Start May computing compute Reflection: Start May compute computing M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
25 Server process on well known port Peer2peer discovery/announce Implements all basic RGC services Possibly built on top of existing middleware Globus JXTA Explicitly run by machine owner! M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
26 !" Compare Globus services with our ones! Compare the amount of code in the p2p server placed on the machines! Compare the usage of services (application driven, even concerning server code staging)! M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
27 # $ M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
28 $ %&' ( M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
29 ! Control/policies moved up to application manager Application Application Middleware (Services) OS currently Appl. manager Middleware (Services) OS RGC M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
30 GRID: current status A RISC grid core Current experiments Conclusions M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
31 ) * FIRB GRID.it Three year Italian National Project Basic research on grids WP8 advanced, structured, component based parallel programming model for grids In the meanwhile Several proptotypes already available P3L, Lithium, ASSIST, M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
32 &' Java based, parallel, structured programming environment RMI Algoritmical skeletons (including farms, pipelines & divide&conquer) Full Java library On since 2001 (experimental) M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
33 &' '' Fireable MDFi TASK POOL result Control Thread : Control Thread : Control Thread : Fetch Fetch Fetch Dispatch Dispatch Dispatch Store Store Store results results results Discover worker task result IDLE Discover worker Discover worker RMI server (gets serialialized Code) RMI server (gets serialialized Code) RMI server (gets serialialized Code) result task IDLE M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
34 &' ' Discovery JINI, JXTA, Code/Data staging Java serialization Security SSL Reflection Beans Remote Control RMI Accounting??? M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
35 + Embarassingly parallel computations Data at the application site Results at the application site TASK FARM dynamic template Compute tasks ASAP On the available resources This is a CONDOR-like, Case A application schema! M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
36 ,'!$ Task list (pool) Code computing f List of possible workers (static, dynamic required to the GRID resource manager, available once and for all) go & wait for completion M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
37 Task farm manager Looks for workers (p2p) Assigns tasks for execution When results come back Stops looking for new workers (steady state) Assigns tasks for execution to idle workers Workers Just receive work to be computed (RGC: computation services only at the GRID peers!) M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
38 * + ) Wj send Ri & Ti Assign Ti to Wj adj + set Timeout Wj found & Ti Assign Ti to Wj adj + set Timeout init Timeout elapsed Ti to be reassigned Timeout elapsed (k times) Ti to be reassinged Wj removed from the pool Wj sends Ri & Ti reassigned to Wj & Ti & Ti Assign Ti to Wj & interrupt Wj & assign Ti to Wj steady Idle & Wj found & Ti Assign Ti to Wj Adj + set Timeout Timeout elapsed Ti to be reassigned Timeout elapsed (k times) Ti to be reassinged Wj removed from the pool Wj found & Ti Assign Ti to Wj adj + set Timeout M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
39 * ) init Recv(Ti) Recv(interrupt)&Ti Abort current Ti Send (here I am) Recv(end) steady end Recv(Ti) &Compute Ri = Ti Send Ri M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
40 $ Adaptivity To faulty workers To dinamic changes in network performance Fault tolerance Faulty workers Heterogeneity Java M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
41 -. Modified version of the Lithium prototype RMI, Serialization, Simulator Java program Exact knowledge compared to measured M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
42 ' Execute a stream of independent task Average execution time not known Distribution not known On a set of production workstations Different Hw Different load M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
43 ' tasks (normalized) WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5 WS workstation WS load #task (normalized) WS power M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
44 ' Run a stream of tasks On a set of production workstations First run All discovered since T0 Secon run WS4 discovered after ½ tasks Third run WS3 never discovered WS2 discovered after 1/3 tasks WS4 discovered after ½ tasks M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
45 ' Task per WS WS1 ( BogoMIPS) WS2 ( BogoMIPS) WS3 ( BogoMIPS) WS4 ( BogoMIPS) Run 1 Run 2 Run 3 M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
46 ' Workers assumed to fail Due to internal problems Due to network problems/delays Faults % to the total number of tasks executed Efficiency measured M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
47 ' Efficiency Faults (% of tasks) M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
48 ' A stream of 1024 tasks executed With 2 or 10 workers 2 or 4 faults per worker (at random time) α = 0.15 or α = 0.85 RTT = α RTT + (1-α) RTTcurrent M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
49 ' 160 Extra (duplicatged) tasks alpha/faults(total)/workers M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
50 GRID: current status A RISC grid core Current experiments Conclusions M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
51 -' Task farm manager application schema manager Other managers (e.g. pipeline) more complex application schemas Become an environment Suitable to handle common grid aware applications M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
52 -' Structure managers! Other manager interface Task Farm Manager Other manager interface Grid Resouce interface Other manager interface Task Farm Manager Pipe Manager Other manager interface Task Farm Manager Grid Resouce interface Grid Resouce interface Grid Resouce interface GRID mw M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
53 -'# Programming environment Target GRIDs GRID aware Structured Component based With application managers Sitting on top of common sense middleware (say GT3, Java/Jini/JXTA, ) M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
54 / * So much activity on GRID! Want to cite CONDOR Limited application schema Very efficient RTS Included in recent toolkits Whereas RGC: Unlimited application schemas (hopefully) efficient RTS??? M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
55 ' New methodology for GRID tool development proposed Join skeleton/design pattern results with the GRID world Preliminary results Currently evolving M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
56 /0/%'% %/%'%12 / A RISC approach to the GRID M. Danelutto IFIP WG Nov.1st
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