Armando BORRERO MOLINA

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1 Armando BORRERO MOLINA

2 Universidad de Los Andes

3 Universidad de Los Andes

4 Universidad de Los Andes

5 Short Biography Associate Professor Engineering Faculty University of Los Andes. Mérida - Venezuela. Associate Researcher at: Telecommunications Engineering Group, GITEL. Investigation Centre in Human Sciences, HUMANIC, Advisor in Statistics Area. Applied and Experimental Chemistry Group, QUEXA, Advisor in Simulation Area.

6 Short Biography Advisor of the National Center of the Development and Researching of Telecommunications (CENDIT), Venezuela. Member of the National Committee for the Development of Optical Technologies Projects of the Telecommunications Researching and Development Fund (FIDETEL), Ministry of Science and Technology, Venezuela. Member of the Committee of Seminars in Foreign Countries at Scientific, Technical and Humanistic Development Counsel, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. Head of my Department, (Department of Humanistic and Applied Sciences) at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Los Andes.

7 Short Biography Ph.D. in Informatics. University of Versailles, France. Simulation of All-Optical Networks, using Deflection Routing. Master of Sciences in Business Administration. Management. Speciality in Statistics - University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. Systems Engineering Advisor of several Master Project Thesis, undergraduate thesis and Jury of both kinds of projects in various universities in Venezuela.

8 Research Area - Techniques and technologies for the generation, transport and routing of packages for all-optical telecommunication networks. - The performance assessment of all-optical networks, analysis of routing methods for information packages transmitted through these networks, characterisation of traffic supported by them, their topologies, quality of service and the establishment of access control to this kind of networks.

9 Research Area - Algorithms to route information packages in all-optical networks. - Informatics, simulation, as well as in the statistical analysis of data and computer programming.

10 Research Area - Interconnection of Metro and Access Networks, focused mainly on developing and applying algorithms for integrating both levels and trying of improving the routing and information exchange functionalities between networks. - Resource optimisation by applying new strategies that could exploit this information exchange to realize enhanced network efficiency and robustness.

11 - Introduction + Optics + Photonics - Network Generations - Routing Methods + Eulerian + Weighted + Deflection - Minimal D. - Scale Routing - Metro-Access Networks - Topologies - Resource Optimization Index

12 Introduction Ever-increasing customer demand for new broadband applications requires the implementation of smarter strategies for routing and information exchange among networks. Bottleneck at nodes interconnecting Metro and Access networks can be resolved by using more intelligent algorithms. Minimal Deflection or Scale Routing. New approaches to tackling this problem have recently been investigated by various groups, making this one of the new hot topics in the community. Interconnection of Metro and Access networks, developing and applying algorithms for integrating both levels and looking for ways to improve the routing and information exchange among networks. Resource optimization with the application of new strategies that consider the information exchange mentioned above.

13 Introduction Optics: branch of physics which studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.* Today, the pure science of optics is called optical science or optical physics to distinguish it from applied optical sciences, which are referred to as optical engineering. Subfields: illumination engineering, photonics, and optoelectronics. Applications: physics, medicine, engineering, photography, industry, recreation * Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia

14 Introduction Photonics: This science includes the generation, emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, detection and sensing of light.* The science and technology of generating and controlling photons, particularly in the visible and near infrared light spectrum en.wiktionary.org/wiki/photonics Photonic - of, or relating to photons or to photonics en.wiktionary.org/wiki/photonic * Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia

15 Introduction Photonics is the study or application of electromagnetic energy whose basic unit is the photon, incorporating optics, laser technology, electrical devices The technology of transmission, control, and detection of light (photons). This is also known as fiber optics and optoelectronics. techresearch.intel.com/articles/tera-scale/1609.htm The science of manipulating photons

16 Introduction The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. Photonic - a term coined for devices that work using photons or light. It is analogous to "electronic" for devices that work with electrons. *It appeared in the late 1960s to describe a research field whose goal was to use light to perform functions that traditionally fell within the typical domain of electronics, such as telecommunications, information processing, etc. * Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia *

17 Introduction "Photonics was originally introduced as a counterpart of electronics - using photons instead of electrons to process and transfer signals and information - but now the meaning of photonics is gradually becoming wider." Electronics: First transistor ( 40). Photonics: Still appearing lasers ( 60). Potentiality illimited. Applications

18 Introduction Photonics Ever-increasing customer demand for new broadband applications requires new solutions. Electronic Routers Optical Routers Cost by bit Energy by bit Network efficiency Aprox. 80% traffic Kms. Optical Fiber

19 Network Generations First Generation Optoelectronics (OEO) Buffers Opaque Networks Switching Protocol: Multiplexing Users + Circuits + Packets + SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Network) (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) + ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) + IP

20 Network Generations User Applications Virtual Circuits Datagrams Virtual Circuits ATM Conexions SONET/SDH SONET/SDH IP OTHERS Lightpaths OPTICAL LEVEL Source: Optical Networks. A practical perspective. Ramaswami-Sivarajan.

21 Network Generations Second Generation Photonic Packet Switching Networks Transparents/Semitransparents Networks Buffers FDLs Photonic Crystals Multiplexing Routing Methods: Deflection Core Networks (All-Optical Transparent Islands) Topology Regular / Irregular Mesh Core Networks (All-Optical Transparent Islands)

22 Projects Use of Routing Strategies in All-Optical Networks. Main responsible of the project. University of Los Andes, Venezuela. Heuristics Selection for the Managing of Data Packets in an All-Optical Network using deflection routing. Main responsible of the project. University of Los Andes, Venezuela. Evaluation Analysis of an All-Optical Network Efficiency, with Torus topology, with the use of Scale Routing Method. Main responsible of the project. University of Los Andes, Venezuela.

Natural Photonic Crystals Photonic crystals are

to affect the motion of photons in a similar way

forms have been studied scientifically for the last

23 Natural Photonic Crystals Photonic crystals are periodic optical nanostructures that are designed to affect the motion of photons in a similar way that periodicity of a semiconductor crystal affects the motion of electrons. Photonic crystals occur in nature and in various forms have been studied scientifically for the last 100 years.* Euplectella Aspergillum Venus Flower Basket" * Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia

24 Por su atención, Gracias.

5. Introduction to Optical Networks

Lecture 5: Introduction to Optical Networks 1/ 5. Introduction to Optical Networks Optical Communication Systems and Networks Lecture 5: Introduction to Optical Networks 2/ 27 BIBLIOGRAPHY Optical Networks.