Event based local cloud IoT automation. Professor Jerker Delsing EISLAB Luleå University of Technology

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1 Event based local cloud IoT automation Professor Jerker Delsing EISLAB Luleå University of Technology

2 IoT Product Segments Conveyor (Tier2) Components and Parts (Tier3) Drive Heads LTU & Winches Belt Structure Belting Pulleys Feeder Breakers Components (a.u. idlers, motors, etc.) Suppliers of these Products are: Potential partners, and; Future Service Providers One customer, KGHM, one component 120 km conveyers idler bearings

3 Heathrow terminal 5 5 million connected points!!

4 Collaborative automation URBAN ENERGY INTEGRATION CHP HEAT, EL WASTE Homes, offices & industry HEAT, EL HEAT, EL HEAT, EL PRIMARY PRODUCT CYCLE Resources RAW MATERIAL PRODUCTS Product market A European Roadmap for Industrial Process Automation based on global trends and industrial needs.

5 Benefits to the production industry - Spire BeBer opdmizadon and coordinadon of single processes or process chains and of complete plants and sites, Significantly improved resource efficiency. BeBer coordinated control loops in one process step and improved collaboradon of control s of different processes along a process chain give higher process yields which results in beber material efficiency, waste reducdon, less energy use and reducdon of polludon. Improved product quality through beber process control and smart quality control Higher udlizadon of equipment New collaboradve soludons with integrated informadon management offer new possibilides for supply chain management including price-based coordinadon or opdmised market mechanisms Safer operadon of plants due to improved control and shut-down procedures. PossibiliDes to integrate muldple processes. Shorter delivery Dmes and lower producdon cost.

6 The automation challenge Annual growths more than 10% and over 500 billion connected devices are expected worldwide by Cisco 2013 Massive automation s not possible with current technologies Not enough many engineers on the globe to do the job with current technology

7 7 Arrowhead Process and energy automation 4 years project 68M 78 partners Coordinated by an ARTEMIS CoIE - jerker.delsing@ltu.se ARTEMIS Industry Association The association for R&D actors in embedded s

8 Classical automation 8 characteristics/properties Centralised controllers, DCS, SCADA, PLC, Pull based - time slotted streaming of all data Hard real time Design time bindings Seams to have an upper bound of X*10 5 I/O s

9 9 ISA-95 s in to the cloud? The

10 10 Arrowhead Grand challenges Enabling the interoperability of services provided by almost any device. Enabling the integrability of services provided by almost any device.

11 The global cloud approach 11 A Survey of Commercial Frameworks for the Internet of Things. Hasan Derhamy, Jens Eliasson, Jerker Delsing, and Peter Priller, SOCNE workshop at ETFA 2015, Luxemburg

12 12 Collaborative automation in the cloud Automation is local - requirements on: Real time Security and safety Continuous engineering Scalability Local clouds are beneficial to: Latency - real time Security - supporting safety Less engineering dependencies Inter cloud service exchange enables scalability

13 13 Cloud based automation s -features Choice of centralised or distributed control and data to information computations Push on event or pull Late binding - runtime binding Hard real time?

14 How to build a local automation cloud? Requirements 14 Interoperability between devices and s to be utilised Security Real time performance Scalability Engineering simplicity Run time configuration and orchestration

15 15 Local cloud properties Self contained - now external resources needed to establish the local cloud - Device, System and Service registry - Service orchestration - SoS run time configuration - Service authentication and authorisation Provide a security fence to external networks Secure bootstrapping and software update Support for device, and service meta data Support for protocol and semantics transparency Support for secure administration and data exchange with external resources

16 16 Local cloud properties Automation support automation design, configuration, deployment, operation and maintenance at - Plant level - Device level - Device to device interaction - Function level event based information exchange communication QoS secure inter-cloud information exchange information exchange audit

17 17 Arrowhead Framework Open source technology enabling local automation clouds A mean of enabling Device interoperability at service level System of Systems design and implementation

18 18 Arrowhead Framework design fundamentals Loose coupling Autonomy - a service exchange is not supervised Distributed - services are distributed over several devices A is responsible, owns the information and can decide whom to share with Late binding Possible to use information any time by connecting to the correct resource at a given time Lookup Publish and register services to notify others about endpoints (how to reach me) Discover others that comply with (expected/wanted Service Type) A producing a service has the initial authority of its own service offering Information assurance shall be at service exchange level Information centric networking

19 19 Arrowhead Framework design fundamentals The Arrowhead Framework allows for A Publish - Subscribe approach Both the Push and Pull approach Dynamic creation of new services and its subsequent usage The above properties, fundamental and functionalities are provided by the Arrowhead Framework through: A minimal set of mandatory services to create a System of Systems A set of automation support services - facilitating design of application System of Systems

20 How to build a local automation cloud? Approaches 20 Service oriented architecture SOA Loosely coupling, late binding, autonomy, pull and push behaviour, several standardised SOA protocols, data structures, information semantics, data encryption and data encoding technologies, bulky data messages Agent technology Late binding, autonomy, degree of standardisation of agent technologies, standardised data semantics, agents introduces an intermediate data mediator between two s. Middle-ware solutions Very low degree of standardisation, introduction of a intermediate layer which has to be trusted

21 Establish a local cloud - self contained 21 Authentication Authorisation ServiceRegistry Service discovery Service registration Authorisation Orchestration Orchestration Mandatory core Pump speed controller Pump Level sensor

22 How to build a local automation cloud? Requirements 22 Interoperability between devices and s to be utilised Security Real time performance Scalability Engineering simplicity Run time configuration and orchestration

23 Service Oriented Protocols - The interoperability challenge 23 Application Pilot A Service def Pilot B Service def Pilot C Service def Pilot D Service def Pilot E Service def Pilot A XML def Pilot B JSON def Pilot C XML def Pilot D JSON def Pilot E XML def Semantics Compression/EXI CoAP DDS XMPP DPWS upnp MQTT OPC- UA UDP HTTP 1.1 TCP IPv4/IPv6/IP multicast

24 Service Oriented Protocols - The interoperability challenge 24 Application Pilot A Service def Pilot B Service def Pilot C Service def Pilot D Service def Pilot E Service def Pilot A XML def Pilot B JSON def Pilot C XML def Pilot D JSON def Pilot E XML def Semantics Compression/EXI CoAP DDS XMPP DPWS upnp MQTT OPC- UA UDP HTTP 1.1 TCP IPv4/IPv6/IP multicast

25 Hasan Derhamy, Pal Varga, Jens Eliasson, Jerker Delsing and Pablo Punal Pereira Translation Error Handling for Multi-Protocol SOA Systems, ETFA 2015, Luxembourg Interoperability It is possible to make machine assisted translation like CoAP <-> XMPP <-> MQTT <-> OPC-UA <-> REST.. Service integrity over protocols, data structures, semantics etc. 25 Current status: REST - CoAP - MQTT - (OPC-UA) Some protocol properties may be lost

26 26 Security Authorisation of service exchange AA - Authentication and Authorisation X.509 certificates or AAA - Authentication, Authorisation & Accounting Radius ticket Payload encryption IPSec - IP layer Protocol level e.g. DTLS X.509 certificates - AA Resource constrained devices Radius tickets - AAA An Authentication and Access Control Framework for CoAP-based Internet of Things, Punal, P., Eliasson, J. & Delsing, J IECON 2014: 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Dallas, TX, USA, Oct Nov , pp

27 Hard real time IoT local cloud 27 Hard real time dependent on underlaying communication capabilities Local hard real time cloud to prescribe communication technology e.g. Industrial ethernet, TTE, time slotted SOA overhead eats bandwidth Use compression EXI QoS Manager End-to-end delay hard/soft real-time guarantees; Data bandwidth; Communication semantics delivery guarantees, and message ordering Message prioritization Local device parameters on device application scheduling Service configuration parameters buffer size, middleware parameters and prioritization of requests. EXIP: A Framework for Embedded Web Development Kyusakov, R., Punal, P., Eliasson, J. & Delsing, J. Oct 2014, In : ACM Transactions on the Web. 8, 4, 29 p.23

28 QoS sequence diagram 28

29 System-of-Systems in a local cloud 29 Support core s ServiceRegistry Authorisation Orchestration Application ARROWHEAD FRAMEWORK LOCAL AUTOMATION CLOUD Application Application Application Application

30 Scalability 30 Service exchange administration Inter cloud discovery Inter cloud authorisation Inter cloud orchestration Secure data path

31 Application Real Dme local cloud automadon & inter cloud automadon Application Real time Local cloud #1 II IA SM Application Application Application Application Real time Local cloud #2 II Application IA SM Application Application 31 Application Application Application Application Application Real time Local cloud #3 II IA SM Application Application Application Application

32 Event orientation - Publish - Subscribe 32

33 Event orientation - Publish - Subscribe 33

34 Arrowhead Framework Core s 34

35 35 Orchestration from PlantDescription Plant hierarchy System-Objects Systems Services Plant descriptions for engineering tool interoperability, Carlsson, O., Vera, D., Delsing, J., Ahmad, B. & Harrison, R IEEE 14th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). Association between Plant Object and System and Services

36 Engineering data usage 36 Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) HIC 0-4 UC 0-3 FI YC TI B V-0-1 C. Pang, V. Vyatkin, and W. Dai IEC based model-driven process control engineering

37 Engineering data usage 37 PlantDescription -> Orchestration rules HIC-0-4 AF Systems Services C UC-0-3 P C C C Orchestration rules FI-0-1 P YC-0-2 P TI-0-5 P

38 Wheel loader scenario: Organisation 38

39 39 Wheel loader scenario: Organisation Possible PlantDescription including Wheel loader and gateways Site hierarchy Loading group 1 Wheel loader 1 Gateway Monitoring 1 Wheel loader 2 Gateway Loading group 2 Wheel loader 7 Gateway Monitoring 2 Wheel loader 12 Gateway

40 40 Wheel loader scenario: Organisation Creation of Orchestration rules Monitoring 1 AF Systems Services C Gateway WL1 Gateway WL2 P P Orchestration rules Monitoring 2 C Gateway WL12 P Gateway WL12 P

41 41 Wheel loader scenario: Organisation Wheel loader is reassigned to different section/unit/stakeholder Monitoring 1 AF Systems Services C Gateway WL1 Gateway WL2 P P Orchestration rules Monitoring 2 C Gateway WL12 P Gateway WL12 P

42 42 Wheel loader scenario: Organisation Wheel loader is reassigned to different section/unit/stakeholder Monitoring 1 Gateway WL1 AF Systems Services C P Orchestration rules Gateway WL2 P Monitoring 2 C Gateway WL12 P Gateway WL12 P

43 Configuration of s and services 43

44 44 Automation engineering time Automation is a service based on products Simplicity of automation service engineering is market key Arrowhead Framework reduces engineering time From 5-6 days -> 6-8 hours (Abelko) From 4-5 weeks to 1 week (BnearIT)

45 Necessary technologies for large 45 automation s in local clouds Robust communication, wired or wireless IoT sensors, actuators, PLC:s, etc. DCS and SCADA functionality MES and ERP functionality Cloud integration technology Engineering tools for cloud automation s Test tools and simulators for debugging Migration of cloud automation into legacy production Suitable security

46 Can we build Arrowhead automation 46 s today? Robust communication IoT sensors, actuators, PLC:s, etc. DCS and SCADA functionality MES and ERP functionality Cloud integration technology Engineering tools cloud automation Test tools and simulators Migration to cloud automation Suitable security Products on the market Some products on the market First products on the market Demonstrated in industrial env. Some products on the market Demonstrated in industrial env. First products on the market Demonstrated in industrial env. First products on the market

47 47 Arrowhead Framework wiki

48 48 Arrowhead.eu an Artemis and ProcessIT.EU project