IEEE Issues in Microgrids Evolution towards a distributed energy future William J. Miller, President, MaCT USA

Transcription

1 Advanced Energy October 12-13, 2011 IEEE Issues in Microgrids Evolution towards a distributed energy future William J. Miller, President, MaCT USA November 16, 2011 Slide 1

2 November 16, 2011 Slide 2 Slide 2

3 OBJECTIVE Monitor electric power throughout the plant to determine consumption and evaluate how to better manage energy use to save $$$ CURRENT USAGE COST $.085/KW AREAS OF FOCUS 11 MW Incoming power from utility at main transformer Large Consumers: 1. Finish Mills and support equipment (3.5 KW & 4.5 KW) 2. ID FAN 3. Raw Mill 4. Kiln Drive (VFD) (600 KW) Microgrid Automation (Industrial) ENERGY MONITORING Data collection to track consumption ENERGY PROTECTION Large consuming devices could be isolated ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE Energy usage goes up energy savings lost November 16, 2011 Slide 3

4 November 16, 2011 Slide 4 Microgrid Automation Broadband over Power Lines (BPL)

5 Adaptive Protection Systems Decentralized vs. Centralized The most significant advantage of a centralized architecture is that local devices do not make decisions, and therefore are simple. The effort of data processing and decision making falls on the central unit based on data received from the local devices. The main disadvantage of a centralized architecture is wellknown, the dependence on the central unit is a single point of failure of the whole adaptive protection system. Decentralized adaptive protection is possible based on P2P communications, considering standard protocols (e.g. IEC Goose messages) and Ethernet communications. November 16, 2011 Slide 5

6 November 16, 2011 Slide 6 Conventional vs. Microgrid s

7 November 16, 2011 Slide 7 Autonomous Microgrid

8 Autonomous Microgrid s E&C ENERGY Peer-to-Peer Control Distributed local generation Decentralized adaptive protection Autonomous operation Accommodate legacy systems Accommodate AC or DC COMMUNICATIONS Peer-to-Peer requires multi-path links for fault tolerance Adapt to changing network conditions with optimal path selection Technology agnostic and protocol Independence that can leverage use of existing devices Leverage existing wire/fiber infrastructure High scalability and secure Assured Interoperability November 16, 2011 Slide 8

9 Microgrid Automation Challenges PROTOCOLS - Legacy IP protocols in common use do not use new high speed broadband wireless cellular or the Internet. TRANSITION - Transition to new protocols is a slow process with investment needed INTEROPERABILITY - Vendor implementation variants has in many cases resulted SCALABILITY - Significant cost and complexity MANAGEMENT - is limited to small scale networks DATA SHARING - with others including other utilities including disaster response personnel SECURITY - is more difficult to assure the devices are authorized to participate in the network SOLUTION >> IEEE P1451.1d/XMPP (SOA) >> November 16, 2011 Slide 9

10 XMPP Metadata Approach for Microgrids Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is an open-standard communications protocol for message-oriented middleware based on XML (Extensible Markup Language). The XMPP protocol was developed by the Jabber opensource community in 1999, was originally used as nearreal-time extensible instant messaging, presence information, and contact list maintenance. The protocol was designed to be extensible, the protocol today also finds application in VoIP and file transfer signaling. XMPP makes use of an Open Systems approach of development and application, by which anyone may implement an XMPP service and interoperate with other organizations' implementations. The software and many client applications are also open source. XMPP offers a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), (i.e. Cloud Computing. November 16, 2011 Slide 10

11 Applications Layer Routers (ALR) are Intermediary servers using XMPP FUNCTIONS: Enhanced security by blocking unwanted messages, provide authentication to establish that a device is allowed to participate and use of firewalls. Transcoding, protocol conversion, reformatting, or other functions that enable heterogeneous endpoints to communicate. Filter or transform content. Multi-point connections out of point-to-point connections, and allow the endpoints to be shared. Improved performance in application-dependent ways including caching to assure message delivery. Improved reliability in application-dependent ways for example by providing automatic retry and retargeting. Provides capabilities difficult to put into a end device. November 16, 2011 Slide 11

12 IEEE d Smart Transducer Standard for Sensor, Actuators, and Devices The proposed IEEE d standard offers a SOA based on XMPP (Extensible Markup and Presence Protocol) IEEE TEDS (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet) used to validate the characteristics of a end point (sensor, actuator, or device). Proposed standard will establish a cloud computing architecture for sensor information. The standard will offer interoperability of protocols and facilitate transport. The standard will offer assured interoperability, scalability, and security November 16, 2011 Slide 12

13 BPL Fiber Downlink Wired November 16, 2011 Slide 13

14 IEEE d/XMPP BENEFITS Transport Layer Security (TLS) Provides assurance that the proper credentials are offered to participate including characteristic identity Advanced Data Sharing Multiple devices can be shared between multiple authorized users or applications Distributed Management Management of all devices via a web browser Service Broker Single point reference locally or over the Internet Directory Services Indication of online status, device name, description, etc., Technology Agnostic Any link offering a connection to the XMPP server Protocol Independent Future Proof XMPP Provides ability to transport any IP protocol, even proprietary devices can be used Public IP addresses are not needed, the end devices are effectively transparent using DHCP All devices are registered by a name not an IP address facilitating ease of use November 16, 2011 Slide 14