Are there Differences in Force Exposures and Typing Productivity between Touchscreen and Conventional Keyboard?
|
|
- Harold Waters
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS and ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 56th ANNUAL MEETING Are there Differences in Force Exposures and Typing Productivity between Touchscreen and Conventional Keyboard? Jeong Ho Kim 1, Lovenoor Aulck 2, Michael C Bartha 3, Christy A Harper 3, and Peter W Johnson 1 1 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences 2 Department of Bioengineering University of Washington, Seattle, WA 3 Hewlett-Packard Company, Houston, TX As the use of tablets is becoming increasingly prevalent, it is important to understand how using a touchscreen (virtual) keyboard affects typing forces, productivity and. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in typing forces, typing productivity and users dis between virtual and conventional keyboards. A total of 19 subjects (10 males and 9 females) typed for 10 minutes on a virtual keyboard and two conventional keyboards. The results showed that virtual keyboard use resulted in lower typing forces (p < ), lower typing performance (p < ), and higher subjective dis at the hand/wrist and the neck/shoulder (p < ). The results indicate that using a virtual keyboard may not cause any detrimental effect on physical exposures, but may increase musculoskeletal dis on the upper extremities and neck/shoulder regions; therefore, appropriate interventions should be considered for the prolonged use of a virtual keyboard. Copyright 2012 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. DOI / INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that computer keyboard use may be associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the upper extremities (Chang, Johnson, Katz, Eisen, & Dennerlein, 2009; Gerr, Monteilh, & Marcus, 2006). Repetitive finger movements (Lin, Liang, Lin, & Hwang, 2004) and applied finger forces (Rempel, Tittiranonda, Burastero, Hudes, & So, 1999) are thought to be potential risk factors behind these MSDs. Previous experimental studies have shown that the keyboard s key activation force, force-displacement characteristics, and tactile feedback affect typing forces (Armstrong, Foulke, Martin, Gerson, & Rempel, 1994; Martin, Armstrong, Foulke, Natarajan, Klinenberg, Serina, & Rempel, 1996; Rempel, Serina, Klinenberg, Martin, Armstrong, Foulke, & Natarajan, 1997). Increased typing forces due to inadequate activation force force-displacement, and tactile feedback increased muscle activity levels (Martin, et al., 1996; Rempel, et al., 1997), and users dis (Rempel, et al., 1999). As tablets have become increasingly prevalent, touchscreen (virtual) keyboards have replaced traditional computer input devices such as the keyboard and mouse. Because virtual keyboards have interfaces and forcedisplacement characteristics that differ from their conventional counterparts, typing exposures and risks for MSDs when using a virtual keyboard may also differ. Since most conventional keyboards have the same fixed activation force (between 0.5 and 0.8 N per ISO ; 2008), most users can rest their fingers on the keyboard keys without any accidental key activation. However, because a virtual keyboard is activated by physical contacts (zero activation force and travel distance), users must elevate their fingers and hands over the keyboard to avoid accidental key activation. This may cause static muscle loading in the finger extensor, wrist extensor and shoulder muscles. Furthermore, as applied typing forces on a keyboard are influenced by key activation force (Armstrong, et al., 1994; Martin, et al., 1996; Rempel, et al., 1997), there may be differences in applied typing forces between a virtual and conventional keyboard. Due to the substantial differences in keyboard characteristics, the possibility exists that typing exposures and user dis may be different between the keyboards. Thus, it would be important to understand how the use of a virtual keyboard may affect physical exposures and/or risks for MSDs. There have been some studies on tablet usability (Ozok, Benson, Chakraborty, & Norcio, 2008) and the effect of touchscreen use on muscle activity and subjective dis (Shin & Zhu, 2011). Shin and Zhu (2011) found that the use of a virtual interface increased user dis and muscle activity at the neck and shoulder. However, there is a lack of research into
2 PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS and ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 56th ANNUAL MEETING how a virtual keyboard may influence typing force exposures and typing performance. By comparing virtual and conventional keyboards, the present study investigated the effect of virtual keyboard use on typing forces, productivity, and subjective dis on the upper extremities and neck/ /shoulder. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized thatt applied typing forces as well as user dis differ between a virtual keyboard and conventional keyboards. METHODS Subjects A total of 19 subjectss (10 male and 9 female) were recruited to participate in the study through solicitations. All subjects were experienced touch typists with no history of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and 17 participants were right hand dominant. The average age and typing speed for all subjects was 24.3 (SD 6.4) and words per minute (SD 9.8), respectively. Their average years of computer use were 14.1 years (SD 5.5). The experimental protocol was approved by the Human Subjects Committee of the University of Washingtonn and all subjects gave their written consent prior to their participation in the study. counterbalanced to minimize any potential confoundingg due to keyboard testing order. Before starting the typing task, the chair, table, and monitor were adjusted to each subject s anthropometry in accordance with ANSI/HFES During the typing sessions, typing forces were also measured by placing the devices on a force platformm (Figure 1). The force platform consisted of a 36 cm x 188 cm x 0.64 cm (14.17 in x 7.09 in x 0.25 in) aluminumm platee mounted to a six-degree of freedom force/torque load cell (Mini40E, ATI Inc., USA) which allowedd detection of forces and torques in three dimensions. The devices were placed on the force platform such that the H key of each keyboard aligned with the center of the broadest face of the force platform. Only forces appliedd by typists that were orthogonal to the face of the keyboard (z-axis)) were analyzed. A polyoxymethylene frame was constructed to surround the force plate both too offset the height of the force platform (thereby creating a flat work surface) and to allow for subjects to rest their hands without applying forces to either the device beingg tested or the force platform. Experiment design During the repeated-measures laboratory experiment, participants typed for two five-minutee sessions on each of three keyboards used in the experiment: a detachable keyboard with 4. 0 mm of key travel (SK-8115, Dell Inc., USA), a laptop with a keyboard with 1.6 mm of key travel (Envy14, Hewlettt Packard Inc., USA), and a laptop with a dual touch screen interface with 0 mm of key travel (Iconia, Acer Inc., Taiwan). The 1.6 and 4.0 mm keyboard had roughly the same activation force, approximately 0.6 N. During the typing sessions, typing speed and accuracy were measured by a software program (Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing Platinum - 25th Anniversary Edition, Broderbund Software Inc., USA). After typing on each keyboard, subjective and preference ratings were collected using a 7-point Likert scale questionnaire, a modification of the ISO keyboard questionnaire (ISO ; 2008). A 5-minute break was given between each keyboard to minimize residual fatigue effects of the previous condition. The order in which the keyboards were used was randomized and Figure 1. Experiment setup. A LabVIEW program (Ver 2009, National Instruments, USA) was used to record force data at a rate of 500 Hz. The force platform was zeroed prior to eachh typing task. Mean and peak forces, keystroke duration, and keystroke time-tension product (KTTP) were calculated for each individual keystroke. The KTTP was
3 PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS and ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 56th ANNUAL MEETING the integrated area under a keystroke and had units of Newton-milliseconds (Figure 1). Data analysis The statistical analysis was conducted in JMP (Version 9; SAS Institute Inc., USA). A mixed model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML) was used to determine if any keyboard-based differences existed in terms of typing forces and typing performances. Any statistical significance was followed by the Tukey-Kramer method to determine differences between groups. The Friedman test and post-hoc multiple comparisons in R (R , Development Core Team) were used to determine the effect of keyboards on subjective, typing performance, and preference. All data are presented as mean and standard error; significance was noted when Type I error was less than 0.1 or RESULTS The results showed that there were significant differences in peak and mean keystroke forces (p < ), keystroke durations (p < ), and KTTP (p < ) between the keyboards (Table 1). The 0 mm (virtual) keyboard had significantly lower peak force than the other keyboards whereas the 4.0 mm travel keyboard had higher peak forces compared to the other keyboards. The mean keystroke force on the virtual keyboard was lower than the other keyboards (p < ) while there were no differences in the mean keystroke forces (p = 0.61) between 1.6 and 4.0 mm travel keyboards. Similarly, the virtual keyboard had shorter keystroke durations compared to the other keyboards (p < ) while no differences in keystroke duration were found between 1.6 and 4.0 mm travel keyboards (p = 0.43). Table 1 Mean (± SE) typing forces compared across the three keyboards [n = 19]. Across rows, different letters indicate significant difference. Peak Force (N) Mean Force (N) Keystroke Duration (ms) KTTP (N-ms) Keyboard 1.15 a (±0.10) 0.76 a a (±4.02) b (±6.90) 2.15 b (±0.10) 1.12 b b (±4.00) b (±6.84) 2.38 c (±0.07) 1.14 b b (±3.99) b (±5.75) Table 2. Mean (± SE) typing speed in word per minute and percent accuracy compared across the three keyboards [n = 19]. Across rows, different letters indicate significant difference. Typing Speed (WPM) Typing Accuracy (%) Key Travel 24.3 a 84.4 a 63.4 b 95.4 b 62.7 b 95.2 b As shown in Table 2, there were significant differences in typing speed and accuracy between the virtual keyboard and the conventional keyboards (p < ). Typing speed on the virtual keyboard was approximately 60% slower compared to the other keyboards (p < ) while there was no difference in terms of typing speed (p = 0.97) between 1.6 and 4.0 mm travel keyboard. Accuracy on the virtual keyboard was 84.5% while the accuracy on the 1.6 and 4.0 mm travel keyboards was 95% on average (p < ). Table 3. Mean (± SE) of subjective and preference ratings [n=19]. Across rows, different letters indicate significant difference. Hand/Wrist Arm/Shoulder Easy-to-use Typing accuracy Typing speed Activation force Adjustment speed Preference Keyboard 2.9 a (1.72) 3.4 a (1.74) 1.7 a (1.28) 1.5 a (1.02) 1.7 a (1.29) 2.4 a (1.57) 2.4 a (1.38) 1.6 a (1.11) 5.5 b (1.17) 2.1 b (1.20) 5.7 b (0.89) 5.2 b (1.07) (0.93) 4.1 b (1.75) (1.11) (1.05) 5.2 b (1.01) 5.1 b (0.88) 5.9 b (0.74) 6.1 c (0.88) 5.7 c (0.67) 4.6 b (0.84) 6.1 b (0.78) 5.5 b (0.96) Subjective dis, productivity and preference ratings showed that the virtual keyboard consistently received the worst (least preferable) ratings whereas the only differences between the 1.6 and 4.0 mm travel keyboards were for subjective typing accuracy and speed (Table 3). The 1.6 mm travel keyboard received the lowest dis ratings while 4.0 mm travel keyboard had the highest subjective productivity and usability ratings in terms of subjective user perceptions of accuracy, speed, easy-to-use, and the time to adjust to the keyboard (p < ). Similarly, the perceived activation force on the virtual keyboard was substantially lower than the other keyboards (p <
4 PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS and ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 56th ANNUAL MEETING ) whereas there were no differences in the perceived force between 1.6 and 4.0 mm travel keyboards. DISCUSSION The present study tested the hypothesis that differences exist between virtual and conventional keyboards in terms of typing forces, productivity, subjective and preference. This study found that the virtual keyboard had lower typing forces but was also less preferred than the other keyboards, given its significantly lower productivity and higher subjective dis ratings. Typing forces are known to be positively correlated with key activation forces (Radwin and Ruffalo 1999, Rempel et al. 1999, Radwin and Jeng 1997, Armstrong et al. 1994, Lee et al. 2009). That is, higher activation forces typically leads to higher typing forces applied to the keyboard. The activation force of 1.6 and 4.0 mm travel keyboard were both approximately 0.6 N whereas a virtual keyboard had no activation force threshold. This substantial difference in activation force was likely the reason for the keyboardrelated differences in typing forces. Typing productivity, as measured by the software program, was consistent with the corresponding subjective measures. Both the objective and subjective typing speed and accuracy on the virtual keyboard were lower while the 4.0 mm keyboard had the highest typing speed and accuracy (Tables 1 and 2). The keyboardbased differences in the typing productivity may be due to participant s familiarity with the keyboards. All the participants stated that they regularly use either a desktop computer (n=10) with a standard keyboard or a laptop computer (n=9), thus making them more familiar with the conventional keyboards than with the virtual keyboard. The unfamiliarity may have made it more difficult for the participants to adjust to and use the virtual device. Moreover, the typing speed on the virtual keyboard tested in this study is likely slower than on tablets due to the dual viewing demands created by the laptop. Hence, the slower typing on the virtual keyboard is likely the result of subjects having to view the laptop screen and then switch to viewing the virtual keyboard keys when they typed. Subjective dis ratings of the hand, wrist, arm and shoulder showed that the virtual keyboard was the most unable while there were no differences between the conventional keyboards (Table 3). Participants could not rest their fingers and hands on the virtual keyboard due to the minimal activation force of the device. This may have resulted in prolonged static muscle loading on the upper extremity extensor, shoulder, and neck muscles whilst using the virtual keyboard, consequently resulting in increased user dis. This finding is consistent with a previous study (Shin & Zhu, 2011). The prolonged muscle loading is a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders (Chang et al. 2007, Ijmker et al. 2007, Jensen et al. 2002); thus, using a virtual keyboard may pose an increased risk for musculoskeletal dis and/or injuries. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that there were differences between a virtual keyboard and conventional keyboards in terms of typing forces, productivity, and subjective dis. The lower typing forces may imply that using a virtual keyboard may not be detrimental in terms of physical exposures (e.g. force). However, the virtual keyboard showed a substantial reduction on typing performance, as compared to the other keyboards. Furthermore, users dis on the upper extremity and neck/shoulder regions was higher on the virtual keyboards than the other keyboards. Given higher dis and detriment in typing productivity, ergonomic interventions should be proposed for using a virtual keyboard on a regular basis to prevent its possible adverse health effects. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was supported by a research grant from the Washington State Medical Aid and Accident Fund and the Ergonomic Research and Development Group within Hewlett-Packard. Authors would also like to thank Ornwipa Thamsuwan from the University of Washington for her support with the EMG data processing and all of the participants in this study. REFERENCES Armstrong, T. J., Foulke, J. A., Martin, B. J., Gerson, J., & Rempel, D. M. (1994). Investigation of applied forces in alphanumeric keyboard work. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 55(1), Chang, C. H., Johnson, P. W., Katz, J. N., Eisen, E. A., & Dennerlein, J. T. (2009). Typing keystroke duration changed after submaximal isometric finger exercises. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(1), Gerr, F., Monteilh, C. P., & Marcus, M. (2006). Keyboard use and musculoskeletal outcomes among computer users. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 16(3),
5 PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS and ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 56th ANNUAL MEETING Lin, M. I., Liang, H. W., Lin, K. H., & Hwang, Y. H. (2004). Electromyographical assessment on muscular fatigue - an elaboration upon repetitive typing activity. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 14(6), Martin, B. J., Armstrong, T. J., Foulke, J. A., Natarajan, S., Klinenberg, E., Serina, E., et al. (1996). Keyboard reaction force and finger flexor electromyograms during computer keyboard work. [Article]. Human Factors, 38(4), Ozok, A. A., Benson, D., Chakraborty, J., & Norcio, A. F. (2008). A comparative study between tablet and laptop PCs: User satisfaction and preferences. International Journal of Human- Computer Interaction, 24(3), Rempel, D., Serina, E., Klinenberg, E., Martin, B. J., Armstrong, T. J., Foulke, J. A., et al. (1997). The effect of keyboard keyswitch make force on applied force and finger flexor muscle activity. [Article]. Ergonomics, 40(8), Rempel, D., Tittiranonda, P., Burastero, S., Hudes, M., & So, Y. (1999). Effect of keyboard keyswitch design on hand pain. [Article]. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 41(2), Shin, G. S., & Zhu, X. H. (2011). User dis, work posture and muscle activity while using a touchscreen in a desktop PC setting. [Article]. Ergonomics, 54(8),
The Effects of Touch Screen Virtual Keyboard Key Sizes on Typing Performance, Typing Biomechanics and Muscle Activity
The Effects of Touch Screen Virtual Keyboard Key Sizes on Typing Performance, Typing Biomechanics and Muscle Activity Jeong Ho Kim 1, Lovenoor S Aulck 2, Ornwipa Thamsuwan 3, Michael C Bartha 4, Christy
More informationStudy of Thumb Muscles to Determine Optimum Screen Size for One Hand Mobile Phone Use
Study of Thumb Muscles to Determine Optimum Screen Size for One Hand Mobile Phone Use Mangesh Naik 1, Sameer Kharadkar 2, Trushart Wagh 3, Nachiket Patil 4, Mahdi Ali M Alsagour 5 Abstract: The study was
More informationAN EXPLORATION OF MULTITOUCH TECHNOLOGY: A COMPARISON OF A SPLIT ANGLE KEYBOARD WITH MULTITOUCH AND CURRENT INPUT TECHNOLOGIES
AN EXPLORATION OF MULTITOUCH TECHNOLOGY: A COMPARISON OF A SPLIT ANGLE KEYBOARD WITH MULTITOUCH AND CURRENT INPUT TECHNOLOGIES Jenna Shanis, Alan Hedge October, 2003 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
More informationLogitech Keyboards and Desktops
Logitech Keyboards and Desktops Leading innovation in the design of comfort 2004 Logitech. All rights reserved. Logitech, the Logitech logo, and other Logitech marks are owned by Logitech and may be registered.
More informationijcrr Vol 04 issue 09 Category: Research Received on:06/03/12 Revised on:17/03/12 Accepted on:28/03/12
PREVALENCE OF NECK PAIN AMONG DESKTOP AND LAPTOP COMPUTER USERS IN UNIVERSITY STAFF AND STUDENTS ijcrr Vol 04 issue 09 Category: Research Received on:06/03/12 Revised on:17/03/12 Accepted on:28/03/12 Andrew
More informationPaging vs. Scrolling: Looking for the Best Way to Present Search Results
January 2002, Vol. 4 Issue 1 Volume 4 Issue 1 Past Issues A-Z List Usability News is a free web newsletter that is produced by the Software Usability Research Laboratory (SURL) at Wichita State University.
More informationCascading versus Indexed Menu Design
February 2003, Vol. 5 Issue 1 Volume 5 Issue 1 Past Issues A-Z List Usability News is a free web newsletter that is produced by the Software Usability Research Laboratory (SURL) at Wichita State University.
More informationThe Ergonomics of a Smart Society. Lamis Al-Kaisi, HSE Consultant
The Ergonomics of a Smart Society Lamis Al-Kaisi, HSE Consultant Introduction Ergonomics, the science of designing the job to fit the worker, not forcing the worker to fit the job. Introduction Fit Concern
More informationHealthy Computing. Microsoft Hardware s Guide to Ergonomics at Work
Healthy Computing Microsoft Hardware s Guide to Ergonomics at Work Ergonomics 101: What is it? Healthy Computing Microsoft Hardware s Guide to Ergonomics at Work Contents Did you know? Polish professor
More informationLaptop Health & Safety Policy
The use of laptop or notebook computers is widespread and many people use them regularly as part of the work process. Regulation 1(4)(d) of the Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations
More informationDesign of Blue Pottery Working Table for Indian Population Using Taguchi Approach
Proceedings of the 2 nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'16) Budapest, Hungary August 22 23, 2016 Paper No. ICMIE 111 DOI: 10.11159/icmie16.111 Design of Blue Pottery
More informationThe study of fatigue compared between touch screen and keypad mobile phone for use social network
1009 The study of fatigue compared between touch screen and keypad mobile phone for use social network Buensanteai SUMALEE, Musikapong PIRUTCHADA, Mevasana KHANIDTHA, Butsungnoen KIATTISAK, Ruangram SUPATTRA,
More informationComputer Workstation Self-Assessment Checklist
Safe Hands The following checklist is provided to assist you with setting up and assessing your own workstation ergonomics. Once you have completed the self assessment checklist, record any problems identified,
More informationExperimental Validation of TranScribe Prototype Design
Experimental Validation of TranScribe Prototype Design Hao Shi Velian Pandeliev ABSTRACT In this paper we describe an experiment to compare a new transcription design prototype to an existing commercial
More informationChapter I. Introduction Excerpts from the Chapter
Introduction What is an Ergonomics Program? This document emphasizes the engineering aspects of ergonomics as a design and evaluation tool. However, it should be emphasized that ergonomics can and needs
More informationThe Ergonomics of a Smart Society. Lamis Al-Kaisi, HSE Consultant
The Ergonomics of a Smart Society Lamis Al-Kaisi, HSE Consultant Introduction Ergonomics, the science of designing the job to fit the worker, not forcing the worker to fit the job. Introduction Factories;
More informationComparing the Usability of RoboFlag Interface Alternatives*
Comparing the Usability of RoboFlag Interface Alternatives* Sangeeta Shankar, Yi Jin, Li Su, Julie A. Adams, and Robert Bodenheimer Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt
More informationErgoNBC A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR RECOMMENDING NOTEBOOK COMPUTER, WORKSTATION, AND ACCESSORIES SETTINGS
ErgoNBC A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR RECOMMENDING NOTEBOOK COMPUTER, WORKSTATION, AND ACCESSORIES SETTINGS Suebsak Nanthavanij, Kanlayanee Prae-arporn, Sorajak Chanjirawittaya, Satirajit Paripoonyo, and Somsak
More informationERGONOMIC WORKSTATION SET-UP CHECKLIST
Work Health and Safety System ERGONOMIC WORKSTATION SET-UP CHECKLIST Employee: Position: Site: Assessed by: Signature: When conducting assessments, refer to Workstation Setup diagram as a guide on page
More informationA CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER PREVALENCE SYMPTOMS AT VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL (VDT) WORK- STATIONS.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER PREVALENCE SYMPTOMS AT VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL (VDT) WORK- STATIONS. Dr.SUMATHY MUNIAMUTHU Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Vel
More information3.2. Keyboard/Calculator/Mouse Use Revision October 21, 2013
3.2. Keyboard/Calculator/Mouse Use Revision October 21, 2013 If you are experiencing any discomfort, be sure to also review the section on Making Changes to Reduce Discomfort (see Main Menu) Computer User
More informationA Breakdown of the Psychomotor Components of Input Device Usage
Page 1 of 6 February 2005, Vol. 7 Issue 1 Volume 7 Issue 1 Past Issues A-Z List Usability News is a free web newsletter that is produced by the Software Usability Research Laboratory (SURL) at Wichita
More informationUser study to evaluate FlexArm flexibility and efficiency
Image guided therapy Azurion 7 C20 with FlexArm User study to evaluate FlexArm flexibility and efficiency Including 17 clinical users from Europe and USA Interventional suite requirements are a paradox.
More informationStandards for Computer Workstations at Duke Contents
Standards for Computer Workstations at Duke Contents I. Introduction...2 II. Task Seating...3 For Employees Who Sit More Than Four Hours Per Day...3 For Employees Who Sit Four Hours or Less Per Day...3
More informationComparison of Postures from Pen and Mouse Use
Global Ergonomic Technologies P.O. Box 2667 Guerneville, CA 95446 - U.S.A. Phone: (77) 869-194 Fax: (77) 869-1956 Comparison of Postures from Pen and Mouse Use June 8, 1998 Introduction There are a variety
More informationThumb Reach of Indonesian Young Adult When Interacting with Touchscreen of Single-Handed Device: A Preliminary Study
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Thumb Reach of Indonesian Young Adult When Interacting with Touchscreen of Single-Handed Device: A Preliminary Study To cite this article: M K Umami
More informationDevelopment of a Smart Workstation for an Assembly Task
Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, January 22 24, 2011 Development of a Smart Workstation for an Assembly Task
More informationWork with Lap Top computers (Portable Display Screen Equipment)
Work with Lap Top computers (Portable Display Screen Equipment) 1 Portable DSE, such as laptop and notebook computers, is subject to the Occupational Safety and Health (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations
More informationA Comparative Usability Test. Orbitz.com vs. Hipmunk.com
A Comparative Usability Test Orbitz.com vs. Hipmunk.com 1 Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Participants... 5 Procedure... 6 Results... 8 Implications... 12 Nuisance variables... 14 Future studies...
More informationPCD MALTRON Ergonomic Keyboard Specialists. Keyboard User Guide. Head/Mouth Stick Keyboard. SINGLE FINGER or HEAD/MOUTH STICK KEYBOARD & KEY GUARD
PCD MALTRON Ergonomic Keyboard Specialists Keyboard User Guide Head/Mouth Stick Keyboard SINGLE FINGER or HEAD/MOUTH STICK KEYBOARD & KEY GUARD PCD Maltron Keyboards Important contact information for sales
More informationInvestigating the Effects of User Age on Readability
Investigating the Effects of User Age on Readability Kyung Hoon Hyun, Ji-Hyun Lee, and Hwon Ihm Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea {hellohoon,jihyunl87,raccoon}@kaist.ac.kr Abstract.
More informationRelationship between the Notebook Input Devices and Working Tasks
Relationship between the Notebook Input Devices Working Tasks < digital picture> Wu Chih-Fu < IF AVAILABLE> Industrial Design/ Tatung University / No.40, Sec. 3, Zhongshan N. Rd./ Taipei / 10452 Taiwan
More informationUsability Report for Online Writing Portfolio
Usability Report for Online Writing Portfolio October 30, 2012 WR 305.01 Written By: Kelsey Carper I pledge on my honor that I have not given or received any unauthorized assistance in the completion of
More informationExplosion at Acme Chemical Company
ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS REPORT EXAMPLE: Explosion at Acme Chemical Company AGENCY Acme Chemical Co. REFERENCE NO. ACH#200-1 PROGRAM Lab DATE RCA COMPLETED 12/11/16 FACILITY Seattle West DATE OF EVENT 11/27/16
More informationMONITOR MOUNTS. Monitor Mounts OVERVIEW
MONITOR MOUNTS Monitor mounts can be used with either fixed height or adjustable height workcenters and are an excellent way to achieve the optimal level of adjustability recommended by ergonomists. When
More information+27 (0) Display screen equipment workstation assessment
www.keysafety.co.za keith@keysafety.co.za +27 (0) 741017403 Display screen equipment workstation assessment Name of user: Checklist completed by: Follow up action(s) completed on: Assessment number: Date:
More informationProducts Catalogue 2011
Products Catalogue 2011 Software : CAPTIV L2100 CAPTIV L7000 Acquisition systems : T-Log T-USB T-Sens wireless sensor modules : T-Sens Accelerometer T-Sens Heart rate T-Sens semg T-Sens FSR T-Sens Gonio
More informationTHE MSD/ERGONOMICS PROGRAM STANDARD
DECEMBER 28, 2003 THE MSD/ERGONOMICS PROGRAM STANDARD 1910.900 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1910.900 Table of contents 1910.901 Purpose 1 1910.902 Scope 1 1910.903 Covered MSDs/jobs/employers 1 1910.910 ERGONOMICS
More informationEFFECTS OF KEY SIZE AND SPACING ON THE COMPLETION TIME AND ACCURACY OF INPUT TASKS ON SOFT KEYPADS USING TRACKBALL AND TOUCH INPUT
EFFECTS OF KEY SIZE AND SPACING ON THE COMPLETION TIME AND ACCURACY OF INPUT TASKS ON SOFT KEYPADS USING TRACKBALL AND TOUCH INPUT Martin Schedlbauer Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts,
More informationStreamline3 User s Guide
Streamline3 User s Guide Welcome to your new Streamline3 machine! Please follow the few simple steps described in this leaflet to ensure you get the most out of your new computer. When you first power
More informationA Detailed Analysis of RSIGuard s AutoClick Functionality
A Detailed Analysis of RSIGuard s AutoClick Functionality A Remedy Interactive Publication March 2009 Remedy Interactive 1 Harbor Drive, Suite 200 Sausalito, California 94965 (415) 332-6433 www.rsiguard.com
More informationSearch Costs vs. User Satisfaction on Mobile
Search Costs vs. User Satisfaction on Mobile Manisha Verma, Emine Yilmaz University College London mverma@cs.ucl.ac.uk, emine.yilmaz@ucl.ac.uk Abstract. Information seeking is an interactive process where
More informationWA1 From the Frugal to the Flamboyant: Ergonomics for Any Budget. A Guide to Ergonomic Solutions
WA1 From the Frugal to the Flamboyant: Ergonomics for Any Budget Earnest Ray, Intel Corporation Rani Lueder, Humanics ErgoSystems Inc. Alan Hedge, Cornell University DISCLAIMER Products shown in the presentations
More informationAnalyzing keyboard noises
08/17 Introduction 1 Recording keyboard noises 2 3 Sound pressure level vs. time analysis 3 Loudness vs. time 4 Sharpness vs. time 4 Sound design by means of Playback Filters 5 Summary 7 Note 7 Introduction
More informationTable of contents. Introduction...1. Simulated keyboards...3. Theoretical analysis of original keyboard...3. Creating optimal keyboards...
Table of contents Page Introduction...1 Simulated keyboards...3 Theoretical analysis of original keyboard...3 Creating optimal keyboards...4 Empirical analysis...6 Learning effects...8 Conclusions...10
More informationArranging Touch Screen Software Keyboard Split-keys based on Contact Surface
CHI 21: Work-in-Progress (Spotlight on Posters Days 3 & 4) April 14 15, 21, Atlanta, GA, USA Arranging Touch Screen Software Keyboard Split-keys based on Contact Surface Acknowledgements Part of this work
More informationEffects of Feedback on Eye Typing with a Short Dwell Time
Effects of Feedback on Eye Typing with a Short Dwell Time Päivi Majaranta, Anne Aula, and Kari-Jouko Räihä Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction University of Tampere, Finland ETRA2004 @ San Antonio,
More informationCOMPUTER WORKSTATION CHECKLIST
COMPUTER WORKSTATION CHECKLIST COMPUTER WORKSTATION CHECKLIST This checklist can help you create a safe and comfortable computer workstation. You can also use it in conjunction with the Purchasing Guide
More informationThis unit standard is expiring
Page 1 of 5 Title Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system Level 1 Credits 3 Purpose People credited with this unit standard are able to: demonstrate knowledge of the hardware components
More informationEquipment loan arrangements and loan form
Safety and Health Services Equipment loan arrangements and loan form Document control information Published document name: Work-equip-loan-gn Date issued: July 2016 Version: 4.2 Previous review dates:
More informationWeb Accessibility for Older Readers: Effects of Font Type and Font Size on Skim Reading Webpages in Thai
Web Accessibility for Older Readers: Effects of Font Type and Font Size on Skim Reading Webpages in Thai Sorachai Kamollimsakul 1,2, Helen Petrie 1, and Christopher Power 1 1 Human Computer Interaction
More informationChapter 1 Introduction to Computers and the Internet
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and the Internet Learning Objectives LO1.1: Explain what computers do LO1.2: Identify types of computers LO1.3: Describe computer networks and the Internet LO1.4: Understand
More informationUsability Testing Methodology for the 2017 Economic Census Web Instrument
Usability Testing Methodology for the 2017 Economic Census Web Instrument Rebecca Keegan Economic Statistical Methods Division March 8th, 2017 FCSM Disclaimer: Any views expressed are those of the author
More informationJESK. Usability Evaluation of Touch Keyboard in Smart Watch Environment. Euitaek Oh, Jinhae Choi, Minhaeng Cho, Jiyoung Hong
JESK J Ergon Soc Korea 2016; 35(6): 569-580 http://dx.doi.org/10.5143/jesk.2016.35.6.569 http://jesk.or.kr eissn:2093-8462 Usability Evaluation of Touch Keyboard in Smart Watch Environment Euitaek Oh,
More informationTransition Times for Manipulation Tasks in Hybrid Interfaces
Transition Times for Manipulation Tasks in Hybrid Interfaces Allan Christensen 1, Simon A. Pedersen 1, Per Bjerre 1, Andreas K. Pedersen 1, and Wolfgang Stuerzlinger 2 1 Aalborg University 2 Simon Fraser
More informationCOMPARISON OF TYPING SPEEDS ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF
COMPARISON OF TYPING SPEEDS ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF Comparison of Typing Speeds on Different Types of Keyboards and Factors Influencing It, Siddharth Ghoshal, Gaurav KEYBOARDS Acharya, Journal AND Impact
More informationKEEPING IT PROPORTIONAL: ALTERNATIVE JOYSTICK OPTIONS
KEEPING IT PROPORTIONAL: ALTERNATIVE JOYSTICK OPTIONS Learning Outcomes The participant will be able to: 1. describe the difference between analog and digital control. 2. list 3 different mini proportional
More informationVisual Appeal vs. Usability: Which One Influences User Perceptions of a Website More?
1 of 9 10/3/2009 9:42 PM October 2009, Vol. 11 Issue 2 Volume 11 Issue 2 Past Issues A-Z List Usability News is a free web newsletter that is produced by the Software Usability Research Laboratory (SURL)
More informationUnder My Finger: Human Factors in Pushing and Rotating Documents Across the Table
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES http://www.merl.com Under My Finger: Human Factors in Pushing and Rotating Documents Across the Table Clifton Forlines, Chia Shen, Frederic Vernier TR2005-070
More informationUsability Evaluation of a New Text Input Method for Smart TVs
Vol. 11, Issue 3, May 2016 pp. 110 123 Usability Evaluation of a New Text Input Method for Smart TVs Young Mi Choi Assistant Professor School of Industrial Design, Georgia Institute of Technology 247 4th
More informationErgonomic Preferred Product Catalog Pointing Devices
Ergonomic Preferred Product Catalog Pointing Devices Mice and Trackballs Description Image Application Logitech M510 Wireless Mouse Full size wireless, wireless laser Mouse Soft rubber grips Includes scroll
More informationA REAL-TIME DATA ACQUISITION APPORACH OF ENVIROMENTAL ERGONOMIC PARAMETER USING LabVIEW
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Special Issue on ICE & ICIE 2015, April (2016) 40-47 School of Engineering, Taylor s University A REAL-TIME DATA ACQUISITION APPORACH OF ENVIROMENTAL ERGONOMIC
More informationUser Centered Design Approach to an Integrated Dynamic Positioning System
Author s Name Name of the Paper DYNAMIC POSITIONING CONFERENCE October 15-16, 2013 DESIGN AND CONTROL SESSION By Brian Butler and Younghwan Kwon L-3 Dynamic Positioning and Control s Abstract Operating
More informationCAR-TR-673 April 1993 CS-TR-3078 ISR AlphaSlider: Searching Textual Lists with Sliders. Masakazu Osada Holmes Liao Ben Shneiderman
CAR-TR-673 April 1993 CS-TR-3078 ISR-93-52 AlphaSlider: Searching Textual Lists with Sliders Masakazu Osada Holmes Liao Ben Shneiderman Department of Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory,
More informationKeyboarding Basics - Teacher Notes
Directions: Fill in the blanks. Keyboarding Basics - Teacher Notes 1. Keyboarding Is the act of entering data into a computer through the use of a keyboard Is a valuable skill for anyone to learn Is commonly
More informationErgonomic Checks in Tractors through Motion Capturing
31 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 58, 2017 Guest Editors: Remigio Berruto, Pietro Catania, Mariangela Vallone Copyright 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-52-5; ISSN
More informationFine muscular activity recognition using Electromyography. Ala Shaabana
Fine muscular activity recognition using Electromyography Ala Shaabana Outline What is Electromyography? A little Biology. Surface EMG (semg) Signal Classifying semg. Myoelectric Control strategies. Our
More informationUniGest: Text Entry Using Three Degrees of Motion
UniGest: Text Entry Using Three Degrees of Motion Steven J. Castellucci Department of Computer Science and Engineering York University 4700 Keele St. Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada stevenc@cse.yorku.ca
More informationTouchscreen Accessibility in Self-Service Terminals
114 Touchscreen Accessibility in Self-Service Terminals Elina Jokisuu, Mike McKenna, Andrew W.D. Smith, Phil Day NCR Corporation, Dundee, United Kingdom elina.jokisuu@ncr.com, andrewwd.smith@ncr.com, phil.day@ncr.com
More informationWhen Technology Hurts. November 3, 2016 Melissa Statham MHK, CCPE Candidate
When Technology Hurts November 3, 2016 Melissa Statham MHK, CCPE Candidate Presentation Overview Statistics Types of New Technology Challenges of New Technology Musculoskeletal Disorders Review of Literature
More informationA Psychophysical Comparison of Two Stylus-Driven Soft Keyboards
A Psychophysical Comparison of Two Stylus-Driven Soft Keyboards Michael Bohan Chad A. Phipps Alex Chaparro Charles G. Halcomb Department of Psychology Wichita State University Abstract This study compared
More informationA Usability Study of Physicians Interaction with PDA and Laptop Applications to Access an Electronic Patient Record System
A Usability Study of Physicians Interaction with PDA and Laptop Applications to Access an Electronic Patient Record System Nestor J. Rodriguez, Jose A. Borges, Yajaira Soler, Viviam Murillo Institute for
More informationLeica F12 I. The mobile Solution for large objects in Restoration, Forensic and Industry. Living up to Life
Leica F1 I The mobile Solution for large objects in Restoration, Forensic and Industry Living up to Life Work in comfort (1) Simply move the rolling floor stand to your restoration object or forensic specimen
More informationDesign and Functional Evaluation of a Novel External Logger for Computer Input Activities
Design and Functional Evaluation of a Novel External Logger for Computer Input Activities Hsieh-Ching Chen, Hsin-Chieh Wu, Yung-Ping Liu Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University
More informationComparison of physical fatigue by holding Compact shoulder camcorder and handheld camcorder. Experiment report
Comparison of physical fatigue by holding Compact shoulder camcorder and handheld camcorder Experiment report February 2007 Contents Chapter 1 Purpose and method of experiment...1 1. Purpose...1 2. Method...1
More informationTobii Technology AB. Accuracy and precision Test report. TX300 fw RC Bright Light Illumination Mode
Tobii Technology AB Accuracy and precision Test report TX300 fw 1.1.1 RC Bright Light Illumination Mode Date: 2013--17 Methodology version: 2.1.7 Software version: 3.0.0.553 1. Introduction This document
More informationErgotron. WorkFit-A Sit-Stand Workstation. The platform for balance and productivity. Highlights
Product Sheet Ergotron WorkFit-A Sit-Stand Workstation Highlights For Computer Users For IT and Facilities Staff For HR/Risk Management and Company Cost Savings The platform for balance and productivity
More informationMUSCULOSKELETAL SIMULATION :
TUTORIAL MUSCULOSKELETAL SIMULATION : FROM MOTION CAPTURE TO MUSCULAR ACTIVITY IN LOWER LIMB MODELS Nicolas Pronost and Anders Sandholm Musculoskeletal simulation? What is it? 2 Musculoskeletal simulation?
More information10 Inventions on modular keyboards
From the SelectedWorks of Umakant Mishra March, 2005 10 Inventions on modular keyboards Umakant Mishra Available at: https://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/9/ 10 Inventions on modular keyboards A TRIZ
More informationDSE User Checklist. User name Workstation location
DSE User Checklist User name Workstation location Checklist completed by. on (dd/mm/yy) / / It is important that you are comfortable when using your DSE workstation. Your workstation includes the screen,
More informationUsing Mixed-Mode Contacts in Client Surveys: Getting More Bang for Your Buck
June 2013 Volume 51 Number 3 Article # 3FEA1 Using Mixed-Mode Contacts in Client Surveys: Getting More Bang for Your Buck Abstract Surveys are commonly used in Extension to identify client needs or evaluate
More informationCOMPARISON OF 3D LASER VIBROMETER AND ACCELEROMETER FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS
Proceedings of the IMAC-XXVII February 9-12, 2009 Orlando, Florida USA 2009 Society for Experimental Mechanics Inc. COMPARISON OF 3D LASER VIBROMETER AND ACCELEROMETER FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS Pawan Pingle,
More informationIV&V HBE Periodic Assessment Review Update
IV&V HBE Periodic Assessment Review Update May 15, 2013 Board Update of PAR #3 www.pcgtechnologyconsulting.com Topics ADA Accessibility Overview Updates to PAR3 Concerns 2 What are the ADA Accessibility
More informationCONTRIBUTION TO THE INVESTIGATION OF STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE
National Technical University of Athens School of Civil Engineering Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering Doctoral Dissertation CONTRIBUTION TO THE INVESTIGATION OF STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE
More informationFolsom Library & RensSearch Usability Test Plan
Folsom Library & RensSearch Usability Test Plan Eric Hansen & Billy Halibut 1 Table of Contents Document Overview!... 3 Methodology!... 3 Participants!... 3 Training!... 4 Procedure!... 4 Roles!... 4 Ethics!5
More informationFoundation Level Syllabus Usability Tester Sample Exam
Foundation Level Syllabus Usability Tester Sample Exam Version 2017 Provided by German Testing Board Copyright Notice This document may be copied in its entirety, or extracts made, if the source is acknowledged.
More informationTHE EFFECT OF SCENT ON USER RECALL OF WEB SITE NAVIGATION
THE EFFECT OF SCENT ON USER RECALL OF WEB SITE NAVIGATION Marc L. Resnick and Amir Abou Baker Industrial and Systems Engineering Florida International University Miami, FL When designing navigation menus
More informationERGONOMICS AND RISK FACTOR AWARENESS TRAINING FOR INSTRUCTORS
ERGONOMICS AND RISK FACTOR AWARENESS TRAINING FOR INSTRUCTORS Purpose of This Training This training will provide a trainer with sufficient information that will allow him/her to conduct a similar, but
More informationz Flo Monitor Arms Y
z Flo Y Monitor Arms Perfect monitor placement for every person, place, and posture Flo Monitor Arms Designed by Colebrook Bosson Saunders If you can t adjust the placement of your monitor to a viewing
More informationEVALUATION AND APPROVAL OF AUDITORS. Deliverable 4.4.3: Design of a governmental Social Responsibility and Quality Certification System
EVALUATION AND APPROVAL OF AUDITORS Deliverable 4.4.3: Design of a governmental Social Responsibility and Quality Certification System 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Scope and field of Application 3 2. Normative
More informationFurther Investigation of the Effects of Font Styles on Perceived Visual Aesthetics of Website Interface Design
Further Investigation of the Effects of Font Styles on Perceived Visual Aesthetics of Website Interface Design Ahamed Altaboli Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Department, University of
More informationThe Quantification of Volumetric Asymmetry by Dynamic Surface Topography. Thomas Shannon Oxford Brookes University Oxford, U.K.
The Quantification of Volumetric Asymmetry by Dynamic Surface Topography Thomas Shannon Oxford Brookes University Oxford, U.K. The psychosocial impact of the cosmetic defect on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
More informationLogitech is aware of a Microsoft update (OS Build ) which is reported to affect USB support on Windows 10 computers.
TROUBLESHOOTING Logitech is aware of a Microsoft update (OS Build 16299.248) which is reported to affect USB support on Windows 10 computers. Support statement from Microsoft "After installing the February
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Guidance on usability
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9241-11 First edition 1998-03-15 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Guidance on usability Exigences ergonomiques pour travail
More informationAim 2015 to assess pointing skills
Aim 2015 to assess pointing skills 1 WHAT IS AIM IM 2015? Aim 2015 is a web tool that helps you assess an individual s ability to use a mouse or other pointing device. It is based on, and has similar features
More informationLetterScroll: Text Entry Using a Wheel for Visually Impaired Users
LetterScroll: Text Entry Using a Wheel for Visually Impaired Users Hussain Tinwala Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto, ON, CANADA M3J 1P3 hussain@cse.yorku.ca
More informationExperimental Evaluation of Effectiveness of E-Government Websites
Experimental Evaluation of Effectiveness of E-Government Websites A. Basit Darem 1, Dr. Suresha 2 1 Research Scholar, DoS in Computer Science, University of Mysore 2 Associate Professor, DoS in Computer
More informationFEATURE EVALUATION FOR EMG-BASED LOAD CLASSIFICATION
FEATURE EVALUATION FOR EMG-BASED LOAD CLASSIFICATION Anne Gu Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA ABSTRACT Human-machine interfaces (HMIs) often have pattern
More informationVDU workstation checklist
Health and Safety Executive VDU workstation checklist Checklist for safety representatives 5 This checklist should help safety representatives and individual workers carry out workplace inspections where
More informationIntroduction to Computer Technology. Chapter 3. Engr. Naveed Jan Assistant Professor Electronic Technology. Chapter 3A
Introduction to Computer Technology Chapter 3 Engr. Naveed Jan Assistant Professor Electronic Technology Chapter 3A Using the Keyboard And Mouse McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill
More information