ELECTRICITY THEFT CONTROL USING GSM AND EMIC

Transcription

1 ELECTRICITY THEFT CONTROL USING GSM AND EMIC ABSTRACT Electrical energy is very imperative for ever day life and a spine for the industry. Electricity is indiscipline to our daily life with increasing need of electricity the power theft is also increasing power theft is a problem that continues to plague power sector across the whole country the objective of this project is to design a system in order to avoid the displeasure for the users from theft bill irrespective of the use of the electricity due to theft using GSM module. In order to integrate the 1

2 various parts together we must first properly understand the working of the different parts to be integrated together. A brief study is alone on the components and the technology which we are going to use in our project. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO ABSTRACT 2 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM 7 2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 2.1 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ARM 7 (LPC2148) PROCESSOR BUZZER POWER SUPPLY UNIT LCD DISPLAY (2*16 DISPLAY) RELAY GSM MODULE RS 232 CABLE MAX232 IC2 30 2

3 2.1.9 EMIC SOFTWARE DESCRIPTON KEIL COMPILER 34 3 CIRCUT DIAGRAM 36 4 EMIC MODULE 38 5 PROGRAMS PROGRAMS LOADED IN ARM7 6 APPLICATIONS 40 7 CONCLUSION 43 8 REFERENCES 44 3

4 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT To identify the theft of electricity from transmission lines or from home distribution. None to monitor the over load of usage at end user.no automatic update of load consumption details to authority.not reliable and robust. Electricity monitoring system using sensors.microcontroller based authentication.well protected and robust system.high-quality speech synthesis for English and Spanish languages.nine pre-defined voice styles comprising male, female, and child.on-board audio power amplifier and 1/8 (3.5 mm) audio jack.uart interfacable at 9600bps. Reading Internet-based data streams (such as s or Twitter feeds).conveying status or sensor results from robots, scientific equipment, or industrial machinery.language learning or speech aids for educational environments. order to avoid the displeasure for the users from theft bill irrespective of the use of the 4

5 electricity due to theft using GSM module. In order to integrate the various parts together we must first properly understand the working of the different parts to be integrated together. A brief study is alone on the components and the technology which we are going to use in our project. 1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 5

6 FIGURE 1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED METHOD 6

7 CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION The proposed system requires the following components, 2.1 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 1. ARM 7 (LPC2148) PROCESSOR 2. BUZZER 7

8 3. POWER SUPPLY UNIT 4. LCD DISPLAY (2*16 DISPLAY) 5. RELAY 6. GSM MODULE 7. RS 232 CABLE 8. MAX232 IC 9. EMIC 2.2 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTON 1. KEIL COMPILER ARM 7 (LPC2148) PROCESSOR 8

9 FIGURE LPC 2148 BOARD 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package. 8 to 40 kb of on-chip static RAM and 32 to 512 kb of onchip flash program memory. 128 bit wide interface/accelerator enables high speed 60 MHz operation. In-System/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via onchip boot-loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of 256 bytes in 1 ms. Embedded ICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging with the on-chip Real Monitor software and high speed tracing of instruction execution. 9

10 One or two (LPC2141/2 vs. LPC2144/6/8) 10-bit A/D converters provide a total of 6/14 analog inputs, with conversion times as low as 2.44 μs per channel. Single 10-bit D/A converter provides variable analog output. Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare channels each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog. Low power real-time clock with independent power and dedicated 32 khz clock input. Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400 kbit/s), SPI and SSP with buffering and variable data length capabilities. Vectored interrupt controller with configurable priorities and vector addresses. Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package. Up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins available. 60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with settling time of 100 μs. The ARM7TDMI-S is a general function purpose 32-bit data register processor, which provides great efficeiency and very small voltage consumption. The ARM design is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) method, and the opcode set and relevant decode procedure are much easier than those of micro code Complex Instruction Set systems. This simplicity results yielded in a big instruction throughput and impressive realtime interrupt reply from a low and economical processor core. Pipeline 10

11 enhanced methods are deployed so that all parts of the carry out and storage systems can function recursively. Typically, while single instruction is being executed, their follower is being decoded, and a third instruction is being given to memory. The ARM7TDMI-S processor also employs a specific architectural plan known as THUMB, which makes it specifically suited to high-bulk applications with memory limitations, or applications where software density is an problem. The key theme behind THUMB is that of a great super-reduced assembly code set. Essentially, the ARM7TDMI-S supports two instruction sets: The ARM7TDMI-S processor also employs a specific architectural plan known as THUMB, which makes it specifically suited to high-bulk applications with memory limitations, or applications where software density is an problem. The key theme behind THUMB is that of a great super-reduced assembly code set. Essentially, the ARM7TDMI-S supports two instruction sets: The standard 32-bit ARM instruction set. A 16-bit THUMB instruction set. The THUMB set s 16-bit instruction length allows it to towards twice the density of defined ARM program while regaining most of the controller performance advantage over a common 16-bit processor using 16-bit function registers. This is feasible because THUMB program executes on the similar 32- bit register set as ARM program. THUMB program is able to give up to 65% of the software size of pre-processor, and 160% of the performance of an equivalent ARM processor related to a 16-bit storage system. The ARM7TDMI- S controller is described in brief in the ARM7TDMI-S Datasheet that can be found on official ARM website. This is feasible because THUMB program executes on the similar 32-bit register set as ARM program. THUMB program is able to give up to 65% of the software size of preprocessor and 160% of the performance of an equivalent ARM processor related to a 16-bit storage system. 11

12 The THUMB set s 16-bit instruction length allows it to towards twice the density of defined ARM program while regaining most of the controller performance advantage over a common 16-bit processor using 16-bit function registers. This is feasible because THUMB program executes on the similar 32- bit register set as ARM program PIN DIAGRAM FIGURE PIN DIAGRAM OF ARM PROCESSOR The pin configuration block allows particular pins of the microcontroller to have more than one purpose. Control registers navigates the multiplexers to allow joining between the pin and the on chip accessories. Peripherals should be connected to the specific designated pins before to being powered up, and prior 12

13 to any related interrupt(s) being enabled. Selection of a specific function on a port I/O completely excludes all other true purpose else present on the same I/O. The only partial exception from the above protocol of exclusion is the case of inputs to the A/D module. Regardless of the purpose that is selected for the port I/O that also hosts the A/D I/P, this A/D input can be noted at any time and difference of the potential values on this pin will be recollected in the A/D monitoring registers. The only partial exception from the above protocol of exclusion is the case of inputs to the A/D module. Regardless of the purpose that is selected for the port I/O that also hosts the A/D I/P, this A/D input can be noted at any time and difference of the potential values on this pin will be recollected in the A/D monitoring registers. Peripherals should be connected to the specific designated pins before to being powered up, and prior to any related interrupt(s) being enabled. Selection of a specific function on a port I/O completely excludes all other true purpose else present on the same I/O. The only partial exception from the above protocol of exclusion is the case of inputs to the A/D module. Not concern of the purpose that is specific for the port I/O that also hosts the A/D I/P, this A/D input can be noted at any time and difference of the potential values on this pin will be recollected in the A/D modules. However, true analog values (s) can be gathered if and only if the function of an analog input is selected. Only in this situation proper interface circuit is in powered state in between the physical pin and the A/D module 13

14 2.1.2 BUZZER A buzzer or beeper is an audio alerting signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Fig2.1.2 Buzzer The most fashioned uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.alarm unit in an operation and maintenance (O&M) monitoring system informs the bad working state of (a particular part of) the product under monitoring. 14

15 2.1.3 POWER SUPPLY UNIT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Fig Circuit Diagram of Power Supply WORKING PRINCIPLE The AC voltage, typically 220V rms, is connected to a transformer, which steps that ac voltage down to the level of the desired DC output. A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage variation. A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also remains the same dc value even if the input dc voltage varies, or the load connected to the output dc voltage changes. Fig Block diagram of power supply TRANSFORMER The potential transformer will step down the power supply voltage (0-230V) to (0-6V) level. Then the secondary of the potential transformer will be connected to the precision rectifier, which is constructed with the help of op amp. The advantages of using precision rectifier are it will give peak voltage output as DC; rest of the circuits will give only RMS output. BRIDGE RECTIFIER 15

16 When four diodes are connected as shown in figure, the circuit is called as bridge rectifier. The input to the circuit is applied to the diagonally opposite corners of the network, and the output is taken from the remaining two corners. Let us assume that the transformer is working properly and there is a positive potential, at point A and a negative potential at point B. the positive potential at point A will forward bias D3 and reverse bias D4. The negative potential at point B will forward bias D1 and reverse D2. At this time D3 and D1 are forward biased and will allow current flow to pass through them; D4 and D2 are reverse biased and will block current flow. The path for current flow is from point B through D1, up through RL, through D3, through the secondary of the transformer back to point B. this path is indicated by the solid arrows. Waveforms (1) and (2) can be observed across D1 and D3. One-half cycle later the polarity across the secondary of the transformer reverse, forward biasing 2 and D4 and reverse biasing D1 and D3. Current flow will now be from point A through D4, up through RL, through D2, through the secondary of T1, and back to point A. This path is indicated by the broken arrows. Waveforms (3) and (4) can be observed across D2 and D4. The current flow through RL is always in the same direction. In flowing through RL this current develops a voltage corresponding to that shown waveform (5). Since current flows through the load (RL) during both half cycles of the applied voltage, this bridge rectifier is a full-wave rectifier. One advantage of a bridge rectifier over a conventional full-wave rectifier is that with a given transformer the bridge rectifier produces a voltage output that is nearly twice that of the conventional full-wave circuit. 16

17 This may be shown by assigning values to some of the components shown in views A and B. Assume that the same transformer is used in both circuits. The peak voltage developed between points X and y is 1000 volts in both circuits. In the conventional full-wave circuit shown in view A, the peak voltage from the centre tap to either X or Y is 500 volts. Since only one diode can conduct at any instant, the maximum voltage that can be rectified at any instant is 500 volts. The maximum voltage that appears across the load resistor is nearly-but never exceeds-500 v0lts, as result of the small voltage drop across the diode. In the bridge rectifier shown in view B, the maximum voltage that can be rectified is the full secondary voltage, which is 1000 volts. Therefore, the peak output voltage across the load resistor is nearly 1000 volts. With both circuits using the same transformer, the bridge rectifier circuit produces a higher output voltage than the conventional full-wave rectifier circuit IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for reference source, comparator amplifier, control device, and overload protection all in a single IC. IC units provide regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set voltage. The regulators can be selected for operation with load currents from hundreds of milli amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings from milli watts to tens of watts. A fixed three-terminal voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage, Vi, applied to one input terminal, a regulated dc output voltage, Vo, from a second terminal, with the third terminal connected to ground. The series 78 regulators provide fixed positive regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts. Similarly, the series 79 regulators provide fixed negative regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts. 17

18 2.1.5 LCD DISPLAY Fig LCD DISPLAY A liquid crystal display (LCD) is an electro-optical amplitude modulator known as a thin, flat display peripheral composed of any number of color or monochrome pixels sequenced in front of a light source or reflector. It is mostly used in battery-powered electronic devices because it uses very low amounts of electric power. Each dot of an LCD typically made of a layer of molecules structured between transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of exchange of which are (in many of the cases) perpendicular to one other. With no liquid crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first layer would be prevented by the second (crossed) polarizer. The outer layer of the electrodes that are in contact with the liquid crystal material are treated so as to align the liquid crystal molecules in a particular direction. This treatment typically consists of a thin polymer layer that is unidirectional rubbed using, for example, a cloth. The direction of the liquid crystal alignment is then defined by the direction of rubbing. Electrodes are made of a transparent conductor called Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). Before applying an electric field, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is 18

19 determined by the alignment at the surfaces. In a twisted nematic device, the surface alignment directions at the two electrodes are perpendicular to each other, and so the molecules arrange themselves in a helical structure, or twist. Because the liquid crystal material is birefringent, light passing through one polarizing filter is rotated by the liquid crystal helix as it passes through the liquid crystal layer, allowing it to pass through the second polarized filter. Half of the incident light is absorbed by the first polarizing filter, but otherwise the entire assembly is reasonably transparent. When a voltage is applied across the electrodes, a torque acts to align the liquid crystal molecules parallel to the electric field, distorting the helical structure (this is resisted by elastic forces since the molecules are constrained at the surfaces). This reduces the rotation of the polarization of the incident light, and the device appears grey. If the applied voltage is large enough, the liquid crystal molecules in the center of the layer are almost completely untwisted and the polarization of the incident light is not rotated as it passes through the liquid crystal layer. This light will then be mainly polarized perpendicular to the second filter, and thus be blocked and the pixel will appear black. By controlling the voltage applied across the liquid crystal layer in each pixel, light can be allowed to pass through in varying amounts thus constituting different levels of gray. The optical effect of a twisted nematic device in the voltage-on state is far less dependent on variations in the device thickness than that in the voltage-off state. Because of this, these devices are usually operated between crossed polarizers such that they appear bright with no voltage (the eye is much more sensitive to variations in the dark state than the bright state). These devices can also be operated between parallel polarizers, in which case the bright and dark states are reversed. The voltage-off dark state in this configuration appears blotchy, however, because of small variations of thickness across the device. LCD pin descriptions: 19

20 The LCD discussed in this section has 14 pins. The function of each pin is given in the table below. V CC, VSS, and V EE: While V CC and VSS provide + 5V and ground, respectively, V EE is used for controlling LCD contrast. RS, Register Select: There are two very important registers inside the LCD. The RS pin is used for their selection as follows. If RS=0, the instruction command code register is selected, allowing the user to send a command such as clear display, cursor at home, etc. If RS=1 the data register is selected, allowing the user to send data to be displayed on the LCD. R/W, Read/Write: R/W input allows the user to write information to the LCD or read information from it. R/W=1 when reading; R/W=0 when writing. E, Enable: The enable pin is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins. When data is supplied to data pins, a high-to-low pulse must be applied to this pin in order for the LCD to latch in the data present at the data pins. This pulse must be a minimum of 450ns wide. D0-D7: The 8-bit data pins, D0-D7, are used to send information to the LCD or read the contents of the LCD s internal registers. To display letters and numbers, we send ASCII codes for the letters A-Z, a-z, and numbers 0-9 to these pins while making RS=1. 20

21 There are also instruction command codes that can be sent to the LCD to clear the display or force the cursor to the home position or blink the cursor. Table lists the instruction command codes. Pin No Name Function USE 1 Vss Ground 2 Vdd +ve Supply 5v Volts Regulated DC 3 Vee Contrast This is used to set the contrast1 4 RS Register Set Register select signal 0:Instruction register (wh writing) Busy flag & address counter (When readin 1:Data register (when writing & reading) 5 R/W Read / Write Read/write select signal 0 for writing, 1 f reading 6 E Enable Operation (data read/write) enab 7 D0 Data Bit 0 8 D1 Data Bit 1 9 D2 Data Bit 2 10 D3 Data Bit 3 11 D4 Data Bit 4 12 D5 Data Bit 5 13 D6 Data Bit 6 14 D7 Data Bit 7 signal 15 A +4.2 for Back light Positive supply for back light if available Table We also use RS=0 to check the busy flag bit to see if the LCD is ready to receive information. The busy flag is D7 and can be read when R/W=1 and RS=0, as 21

22 follows: if R/W=1, RS=0. When D7=1 (busy flag=1), the LCD is busy taking care of internal operations and will not accept any new information. Note: It is recommended to check the busy flag before writing any data RELAY A relay is an electromagnetic switch Worked by a relatively small electric current that can made on or off a much larger electric current. The heart of a switch is an electromagnet (a coil of wire that becomes a temporary magnet when electricity flows through it). You can think of a this switch as a kind of electric lever: switch it on with a tiny current and it switches on ("leverages") some other appliance using a much bigger current. Fig Relay Working When power flows through the given circuit, it operates the electromagnet (brown), generating a magnetic field (blue) that get move towards a contact (red) and energizes the second part of circuit. When the 22

23 power is shut down to the switch, a spring pulls the contact back up to its original position, switching the second circuit off again Fig This is a for instance case of a "normally open" (NO) electromagnetic relay: the pins in the second part of circuit are not given by default, and switch on only when a current passes through the coil of magnet field. Other electromagnetic switching relays are "normally closed" (NC; the pins are connected so a current passes through them by default) and switch off only when the coil of magnet field gets energized, pulling or pushing the leads apart. Normally open relays are the most common. Here's another animation providing how a magnetic relay relates two circuits as one. It's basically the same thing drawn in a slightly another way. On the left side, there's an input circuit voltage supplied by a relay switch or a sensor of some kind. When this circuit is powered up, it provides current to an electromagnet that makes a metal switch closed and activates the second, output 23

24 circuit (on the right side). The closely required small current in the input circuit thus energizes the larger current in the output circuit: Fig The input circuit (black loop) is switched off and no current flows through it until something (either a sensor or a switch closing) turns it on. The output circuit (blue loop) is also switched off. 2. When a small current flows in the input circuit, it activates the electromagnet (shown here as a red coil), which produces a magnetic field all around it. 3. The energized electromagnet pulls the metal bar in the output circuit toward it, closing the switch and allowing a much bigger current to flow through the output circuit. 4.The output circuit operates a high-current appliance such as a lamp or an electric motor GSM MODULE 24

25 Fig A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages. A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection, or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM modem 25

26 capabilities. For the purpose of this document, the term GSM modem is used as a generic term to refer to any modem that supports one or more of the protocols in the GSM evolutionary family, including the 2.5G technologies GPRS and EDGE, as well as the 3G technologies WCDMA, UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA. A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as NowSMS to send and receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile operator charges for this message sending and receiving as if it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support an extended AT command set for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in the ETSI GSM and and 3GPP TS specifications. GSM modems can be a quick and efficient way to get started with SMS, because a special subscription to an SMS service provider is not required. In most parts of the world, GSM modems are a cost effective solution for receiving SMS messages, because the sender is paying for the message delivery. A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection, such as the Falcom Samba 75. (Other manufacturers of dedicated GSM modem devices include Wavecom, Multitech and itegno. We ve also reviewed a number of modems on our technical support blog.) To begin, insert a GSM SIM card into the modem and connect it to an available USB port on your computer. A GSM modem could also be a standard GSM mobile phone with the appropriate cable and software driver to connect to a serial port or USB port on your computer. Any phone that supports the extended AT command set for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in ETSI GSM and/or 3GPP TS , can be supported by the Now SMS & MMS Gateway. Note that not all mobile phones support this modem interface. Due to some compatibility issues that can exist with mobile phones, using a dedicated GSM modem is usually preferable to a GSM mobile phone. This is more of an issue with MMS messaging, where if you wish to be able to receive 26

27 inbound MMS messages with the gateway, the modem interface on most GSM phones will only allow you to send MMS messages. This is because the mobile phone automatically processes received MMS message notifications without forwarding them via the modem interface. It should also be noted that not all phones support the modem interface for sending and receiving SMS messages. In particular, most smart phones, including Blackberries, iphone, and Windows Mobile devices, do not support this GSM modem interface for sending and receiving SMS messages at all at all. Additionally, Nokia phones that use the S60 (Series 60) interface, which is Symbian based, only support sending SMS messages via the modem interface, and do not support receiving SMS via the modem interface RS 232 CABLE RS-232 is a standard communication protocol for linking computer and its peripheral devices to allow serial data exchange. In simple terms RS232 defines the voltage for the path used for data exchange between the devices. It specifies common voltage and signal level, common pin wire configuration and minimum, amount of control signals. As mentioned above this standard was designed with specification for electromechanically teletypewriter and modem system and did not define elements such as character encoding, framing of characters, error detection protocols etc that are essential features when data transfer takes place between a computer and a printer. Without which it could not be adopted to transfer data between a computer and a printer. To overcome this problem a single integrated circuit called as UART known as universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter is used in conjunction with RS

28 Fig RS232 logic and voltage levels Data circuits Control circuits Voltage 0 (space) Asserted +3 to +15 V 1 (mark) Disserted -15 to -3 V This is how the entire arrangement works. It is clear from this figure that UART, line drivers and RS232 are three separate parts in the system each having its own characteristic features. UART and line drivers are the parts in RS232 to enhance quality of system during serial data exchange. A standard definition was given by EIA to define RS232 as an interface between Data terminal equipment and Data communication equipment. A typical RS232 system is shown below. DTE-A DTE stands for data terminal equipment is an end instrument that convert user information into signals or reconverts the receive signal. It is a functional unit of station that serves as data 28

29 source or data sink and provides for communication control function according to the link protocol. A male connector is used in DTE and has pin out configuration MAX232 IC The MAX232 is an IC, first developed in 1987 by Maxim Integrated Products, that transforms signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals related for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The drivers gives RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it important for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any supply outside the 0 V to + 5 V range, as voltage supply design does not need to be made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in this case. The receivers lowers RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.8V, and a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V. It is support full to understand what occurs to the voltage levels. When a MAX232 IC gets a TTL level to convert, it changes TTL logic 0 to between +3.3 and V, and changes TTL logic 1 to between -3.3 to V, and vice versa for converting from RS232 to TTL. This can be confusing when you realize that the RS232 bit transmission voltages at a certain logic state are opposite from the RS232 control line supply at the same logic state. To clarify the matter, see the table below. For more information, see RS-232 voltage levels. RS232 line type and logic level RS232 TTL voltage to/from 29

30 voltage MAX232 Data transmission (Rx/Tx) logic 0 +3 V to +15 V 0 V Data transmission (Rx/Tx) logic 1-3 V to -15 V 5 V Control signals (RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR) logic 0-3 V to -15 V 5 V Control signals (RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR) logic 1 +3 V to +15 V 0 V Table Max232 is needed while interface GPS, GSM, WIFI, EMIC, RFID and many more for logic operation conversion purpose 2.1.9EMIC2 TEXT-TO-SPEECH Introduction: The Emic-2 was designed by Parallax in conjunction with Grand Idea Studio to make voice synthesis a total no-brainer. Simply connect the Emic-2 to a 5VDC power supply, connect a speaker to the speaker output (or 1/8" headphone jack) and send it a stream of serial text at 9600bps. The module 30

31 contains all of the smarts necessary to parse the text into phonemes and then generate natural sounding speech; all your controller has to do is send serial strings. The command set for the module is entirely comprised of ASCII-based printable characters and allows you to change languages (English or Spanish), change between 9 different voices, and even control speech parameters on the fly. The module also communicates back to your system so you can get settings, version information and even finished speaking flags back from the board. Fig

32 Fig Features: High-quality speech synthesis for English and Spanish languages Nine pre-defined voice styles comprising male, female, and child Dynamic control of speech and voice characteristics, including pitch, speaking rate, and word emphasis Industry-standard DEC talk text-to-speech synthesizer engine (5.0.E1) On-board audio power amplifier and 1/8 (3.5 mm) audio jack Single row, 6-pin, 0.1 header for easy connection to a host system Key Specifications: 32

33 Power requirements: +5 VDC, 30 ma idle, ma active (depending on speech parameters and output load) Communication: asynchronous 9600 bps serial Operating temperature: -20 to +70 C (-4 to +158 F) Dimensions: 1.25 W x 1.5 L x 0.37 H (3.17 W x 3.81 L x 0.94 H cm) 2.2 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION KEIL COMPILER Keil Software publishes one of the most complete development tool suites for 8051 software, which is used throughout industry. For development of C code, their Developer's Kit product includes their C51 compiler, as well as an integrated 8051 simulator for debugging. A demonstration version of this product is available on their website, but it includes several limitations The C programming language was designed for computers, though, and not embedded systems. It does not support direct access to registers, nor does it allow for the reading and setting of single bits, two very important requirements for 8051 software. In addition, most software developers are accustomed to writing programs that will by executed by an operating system, which provides system calls the program may use to access the hardware. However, much code for the 8051 is written for direct use on the processor, without an operating system. To support this, the Keil compiler has added several extensions to the C language to replace what might have normally been implemented in a system call, such as the connecting of interrupt handlers. The purpose of this manual is to further explain the limitations of the Keil compiler, the modifications it has made to the C language, and how to account for these in developing software for the 8051 microcontroller. 3.CIRCUT DIAGRAM. 33

34 Fig EMIC MODULE Block Diagram: 34

35 Circuit Diagram: Fig 4.1 Fig 4.2 For audio output, a connection needs to be made to either SP+/SP- or the 1/8" audio jack. Audio quality may be affected if both outputs are used at the same time. 5. PROGRAM LOADED IN ARM7. #include <lpc214x.h> #include <stdio.h> #include "UART.h" #define ESC 0x1B #define DONE 0x #define START 0x #define PRESET 0x

36 #define RELAY 16 void lcd_initialize(void); void lcd_cmd(unsigned char); void lcd_data(unsigned char); const unsigned char cmd[4] = {0x38,0x0c,0x06,0x01}; unsigned char Temp[10],mems[10],HB[10],Hum[10]; void delay(int); //lcd commands void lcd_initialize(void) { int i; for(i=0;i<4;i++) { IOCLR0 = 0x00FF0000; lcd_cmd(cmd[i]); delay(3); } } void lcd_cmd(unsigned char data) { IOCLR0 = 0x00FF0000; IOSET0 = data << 16; IOCLR1 = 0x100000; IOCLR1 = 0x200000; IOSET1 = 0x400000; delay(3); IOCLR1 = 0x400000; } //RS //RW //EN //EN void lcd_data(unsigned char data) { IOCLR0 = 0x00FF0000; IOSET0 = data << 16; IOSET1 = 0x100000; IOCLR1 = 0x200000; IOSET1 = 0x400000; delay(3); IOCLR1 = 0x400000; } //RS //RW //EN //EN void printlcd (unsigned char *p, unsigned char pos) { unsigned int n; lcd_cmd (pos); n=0; while (*(p+n)!= '\0') { lcd_data (*(p+n)); n++; } } /* < Serial Initialization > */ void serial_init(void) { PINSEL0 = 0x05; /* Enable RxD0 and TxD0 */ 36

37 U0LCR = 0x83; /* 8 bits, no Parity, 1 Stop bit */ U0DLL = 195; /* 9600 Baud 12MHz VPB Clock */ U0LCR = 0x03; /* DLAB = 0 */ U0IER = 0x03; /*Enable Interrupt Register */ } // //Delay Routine start here // void delay(int n) { int i,j; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { for(j=0;j<0x5000;j++) {;} } } int main(void) { unsigned long val[4],t;//,g; unsigned int ADC_CH,i=0; PINSEL0 = 0x ; //Enable RXD0 and TXD0 PINSEL1 = 0x01 << 24; //Enable ADC0.1 PINSEL1 = 0x01 << 26; //Enable ADC0.2 PINSEL1 = 0x01 << 28; //Enable ADC0.3 PINSEL1 = 0x01 << 18; //Enable ADC0.4 VPBDIV = 0x02; //Set the cclk to 30 Mhz AD0CR = 0x ; //ADC configuration bits CLK = 9clks/8Bit BURST=1 CLKDIV = 0x06 AD0CR = 0x ; //start ADC now irq //serial initialization UART1_Init(9600); UART0_Init(9600); U0IER = 1; VICIntSelect = 0<<6; //UART0 ('0' - '1'-fiq) VICVectCntl0 = 0x020 6; //VIC slot enabled VICIntEnable = 0x ; //Enable UART0 Interrupt ADC_CH = 1; IODIR1 = 1 << RELAY; //Configure P0.16 Output IOSET1 = 1 << RELAY; IODIR0 = 0xff << 16; IODIR1 = 0xf << 20; lcd_initialize(); printlcd(" ENERGY ",0x80); printlcd(" MANAGEMENT ",0xC0); delay(25); lcd_cmd(0x01); 37

38 while(1) { while (ADC_CH <4) { do { val[adc_ch] = AD0GDR; Register } while ((val[adc_ch] & 0x ) == 0); the conversion to complete val[adc_ch] = ((val[adc_ch] >> 6) & 0x03FF); ADC_CH++; delay(10); AD0CR = PRESET (1<<ADC_CH); AD0CR = START; } // Read A/D Data //Wait for //load value T = (AD0DR1 >> 6) & 0x03FF; delay(5); number if(t > 4) { printlcd(" POWER THEFT ",0x80); UART1_PutS("POWER THEFT\n\r");delay(100); UART0_PutS("AT+CMGS=\" \"\r");delay(100); // msg } else { } UART0_PutS("Power Theft");delay(1000); UART0_PutC(0x1a);delay(1000); printlcd(" ",0x80); } } if(adc_ch > 3/*The number of channels used in PS-ARMDPK*/) { ADC_CH = 1; AD0CR = PRESET (1<<ADC_CH); AD0CR = START; } 6.APPLICATIONS Reading Internet-based data streams (such as s or Twitter feeds) Conveying status or sensor results from robots, scientific equipment, or industrial machinery Language learning or speech aids for educational environments 38

39 7.CONCLUSION Integrating features of all the hardware components used have been eveloped In it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC s with the help of growing technology, the project has been successfully implemented. Thus the paper has been successfully designed and tested. 39

40 8.REFERENCES [1] Yujun Bao and Xiaoyan Jiang, Design of electric Energy Meter for long-distance data information transfers which based upon GPRS, ISA2009. International Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications,2009 [2] Ashna.K and Sudhish N George, "GSM based automatic energy meter reading system" IEEE [3] B.O.Omijeh and 2G.I.Ighalo Modeling of GSM-Based Energy 40

41 Recharge Scheme for Prepaid Meter - IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEE), 2013 [4] Sudarshan K. Valluru Design and Assemble of Low Cost Prepaid Smart Card Energy Meter A Novel Design - International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics,March 2014 [5] R. Dhananjayan and E. Shanthi Smart Energy Meter with Instant Billing and Payment -International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering March 2014 [6] Subhasis Kar,Sayantan Dutta,Anusree Sarkar and Sougata Das Rechargeable Prepaid Energy Meter Based On SMS Technology International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)April [7] Sai Kiran Ellenki,Srikanth Reddy G and Srikanth Chan Advanced Smart Energy Metering System for Developing Countries International Journal Of Scientific Research And Education,