The net and it s Ecosystem

Transcription

1 The net and it s Ecosystem

2 ICANN manages TLDs IANA manages assigned numbers TLD Owners Sell domain DNS names resolves names DNS Providers Resell domain names Regional Registries assign addresses CDN caches/ & serves content IX Providers exchange points Service Providers transit and access networks Content, Hosting, and Cloud Providers Routing reachability 2

3 3 What is DNS?

4 Service or Protocol Sub- Domain Domain Top Level Domain linkedin.com.com.tech microsoft.com wpengine.com bing.com rule11.tech maps.bing.com images.bing.com riw777.wpengine.com 4

5 Recursive Authoritative TLD Root Hardware Software Operations Maintenance Bandwidth Standards Development Who pays for these? 5

6 Recursive Authoritative TLD Root Recursive servers are paid for by Edge Providers Content Providers Corporations Transit Providers Public Institutions 6

7 Recursive Authoritative TLD Root Root servers are paid for by a.root-servers.net Verisign b.root-servers.net USC-ISI c.root-servers.net Cogent Communications d.root-servers.net University of Maryland e.root-servers.net NASA f.root-servers.net Internet Systems Consortium g.root-servers.net Defense Info Systems Agency h.root-servers.net US Army Research Lab i.root-servers.net Netnod j.root-servers.net Verisign k.root-servers.net RIPE NCC l.root-servers.net ICANN m.root-servers.net WIDE Project 7

8 Recursive Authoritative TLD Root TLD servers are paid for by 8

9 Recursive Authoritative TLD Root Authoritative servers are paid for by 9

10 Domain Reseller Market value domain fees Hosting fees Costs of operating j Costs of root operating a root Costs of operating TLD servers Costs of operating authoritative servers Fixed fee per domain name Fixed fee per domain name Contract operating fees from TLD holders 10 Other operations

11 Edge Provider Enterprise Internet Exchange (IX) Transit Providers Private Peering Content Provider 11

12 Edge Provider Enterprise Internet Exchange (IX) Transit Providers Private Peering Content Provider Provider Serviced (Purchased Access) 12

13 Customer Edge (or provisioned, or enterprise ) Paid (or transit)? Settlement Free Open 13 Kinds of Peering

14 B D F ROADM DSLAM WiFi, LTE, DSL, etc. Cable Access Channel, Metro Ethernet, etc. ROADM Metro Fiber Ring ROADM Transit Provider A C E ROADM ROADM 14 Edge Provider

15 Physical Cable Right of Way/Access Infrastructure User Access Fees Hardware & Software Service Subscriptions Buildings/COs/POPs DNS Servers Transit People Colocation Fees Physical Plant Rental 15 Edge Provider Financial

16 Route Server Member/peer A Member/peer B Member/peer Member/peer 16 Internet Exchange Point

17 Physical Cable Hardware & Software Buildings/COs/POPs DNS Servers Infrastructure User Access Fees Service Subscriptions Colocation Fees Transit People 17 IXP Financial

18 18 Transit Provider Cogent Communications

19 Physical Cable Right of Way/Access Infrastructure Transit Fees Hardware & Software Buildings/COs/POPs DNS Servers Transit People Service Subscriptions Colocation Fees Dark/Dim/Lit Fiber 19 Transit Provider Financial

20 Content Distribution Network

21 Types of CDN u Caching u Cache based on TTL u Prepositioned Content u Common elements may appear on most pages u Preload these into the cache and serve locally u Session Termination u Some sites can terminate sessions at the CDN u Draw only the information needed from 21

22 Edge Provider Internet Exchange 22

23 Hardware and Software Transit Fees Colocation Costs Advertising Placement User Information Transit People 23

24 AS65000 content AS65003 edge operator paid AS65004 edge operator AS65001 transit AS65005 edge operator 24 Content Reshaping the Internet

25 AS65000 content AS65003 edge operator paid AS65004 edge operator AS65001 transit IX AS65005 edge operator 25 Content Reshaping the Internet

26 content edge transit transit edge transit content transit edge edge content IX edge content IX edge 26 edge content transit edge Content Reshaping the Internet

27 The Reshaping of the Internet u What is the result of this change? u Transit s are struggling to survive u Content s are gaining more control over their content u Raises the bar for entry into the content market u Although public cloud may offset this somewhat u Difficult to determine u Is this good or bad? Hard to tell right now 27

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29 IESG IAB IRTF ART Area General Area Internet Area OPS Area Directorate RTG Area Security Area Transport Area BABEL BESS IDR MANET OSPF IS-IS SFC 29

30 Streams Statuses IETF Working Group Proposed AD Sponsored IAB RFC Process Standards BCP Internet Experimental IRTF Nonstandards Informational Independent Submission Historic 30

31 Editor Assigned Initial Submission WG Presentation WG Acceptance WG Refinement WG Last Call Shepherd Assigned WG Request to Publish AD Review IETF Last Call IESG Review IANA Review RFC Editor Directorate Reviews Directorate Reviews 31

32 IETF Notes u The IETF is consensus driven u Running code is required u Some states require two interoperable implementations u Until the IETF last call is completed, any member of the community can comment on the document u Management and security concerns must be addressed in protocol development u This is a long, difficult process, designed to produce solid protocols with a lot of experience behind them 32

33 All layer 1 and layer 2 transport and control plane protocols, including Ethernet, spanning tree, wand ireless networking Markup languages (languages which describe how to display or render content), including HTML and XML Any international standard, including numbering, encryption schemes, and routing protocols (such as IS-IS) 33

34 Corporate membership and participation Members mostly vendors Standardization through formal voting Voluntary membership and participation Members mostly vendors, s, researchers Standardization through rough consensus Governmental and corporate (NGO) membership and participation Members mostly government and vendor representatives Standardization through formal voting 34

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