Key Multilateral Events and Exercises

Transcription

1 G LOBAL INITIATIVE TO COMBAT NUCLEAR TERRORISM Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018 Activities (workshop, seminar, etc.) Exercises and Exercise Planning Plenary Meetings IAG Meetings Activity Key Accomplishments Principle Supported Host Nation Date 1 1st Plenary Meeting Established GICNT as a voluntary partnership of nations dedicated to combating nuclear terrorism, and created the Statement of Principles encompassing the core nuclear security goals partner nations agree to implement upon becoming partners of the GICNT. Morocco Oct nd Plenary Meeting Reviewed GICNT progress and developed initial Plan of Work and developed outreach strategies to increase participation. Turkey Feb-07 3 Seminar on the Promotion of Accession to the International Counter-Terrorism Conventions and Protocols Encouraged participating states to align domestic legislation with the 13 Counter-Terrorism Conventions and Protocols and engaged participants on compliance with universal legal instruments against terrorism. 6,8 Japan Mar-07 4 Asia-Pacific Seminar on Combating Nuclear Terrorism Gathered experts in nuclear and radiological security to assess threat of nuclear/radiological terrorism and promote information sharing on risk mitigation, and identified key regional nonproliferation assistance programs for collaboration. 1,2,3,4,7 Australia May rd Plenary Meeting Discussed key issues related to implementation gaps, planning/exercise scenarios, information sharing, and increasing public/private sector cooperation. Kazakhstan Jun-07 6 Global Initiative Law Enforcement Conference Examined law enforcement roles across the nuclear fuel cycle and addressed the full spectrum of nuclear activities from production of materials to theft, prosecution, and legislation. 7 United States Jun-07 1 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

2 7 Conference on Establishing a Proposed content and set up working group to create a secure 8 United States (held Aug-07 Global Initiative Information online portal to facilitate intra-gicnt information sharing. in Germany) Portal 8 Conference on Cooperation of Intelligence, Security and Law Enforcement Services in the Field of Detection, Prevention and Investigation of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism Gathered national intelligence, security, and law enforcement personnel to brief GICNT on strategies for detection, prevention, and investigation of nuclear terrorist incidents. 3,7 Russia Sep-07 9 Workshop on Anti-Nuclear Smuggling Assistance Analyzed gaps in anti-smuggling capabilities and presented proposed solutions to garner international support, and identified key steps to increase interaction between potential donors and recipients on anti-smuggling assistance. 1,2,3,6 United Kingdom Sep Workshop on Production of Medical Isotope Molybdenum-99 Using LEU Reviewed current and projected worldwide requirements for medical isotopes and discussed technical and economic requirements of converting HEU to LEU in isotope production. 1,2 Australia Dec Workshop on Implementation of the Code of Conduct and EU Directive on the Safety and Security of Highly Active Radioactive Sources Engaged participants on how to operate and maintain national register on high-activity sealed and orphan radioactive sources. 1,3 Germany Dec Radiological Search Procedures Discussed processes used to search for radiological material, and 4,7 United States (held Dec-07 and Training Workshop identified training requirements for radiological search equipment. in China) 13 Emergency Response and Mitigation in Case of Malevolent Acts Involving the Use of Radioactive Materials Examined readiness to respond to and mitigate the effects of a radiological terrorist incident, and identified roles and responsibilities of responders and explored avenues for international cooperation. 7 Morocco Feb-08 2 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

3 14 Development of a Global Nuclear Detection Architecture Guidelines Document Worked to develop model detection guidelines to serve as a component of an integrated defense-in-depth strategy, and emphasized potential to build on existing international publications. 3 United States Mar st Exercise Planning Group Meeting Initiated meetings of exercise planners and policy developers to support and create exercise scenarios that enhance partner capability to combat nuclear terrorism. All France Apr Radiological Dispersion Device Response- Table Top Exercise Exercised hypothetical scenario involving theft of radiological material and corresponding trigger of device. All Spain May Securing Radioactive Sources Analyzed systems for physical protection and accounting of highrisk radioactive sources, and discussed implementation of IAEA Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources. 1,2,3 Canada Jun Global Information Portal Advisory Committee Meeting Inaugurated the Global Initiative Information Portal Advisory Committee, and proposed content and layout of the portal and guidelines for managing the site. 8 Estonia Jun Atom Anti-Terror 2008 Exercises Exercised search and neutralization response to a hypothetical terrorist group aiming to seize nuclear materials, and practiced direct attack on facility seized by terrorists and rescue of hostages. 2,7 Kazakhstan Jun th Plenary Meeting Strengthened partner commitments to detection, forensics, denial of safe haven and financing to terrorist organizations, and deterrence of terrorist intentions to acquire and use nuclear devices; and committed to increase involvement of local governments and private sector supporters in activities and broaden regional outreach. Spain Jun Strengthening MC&A and Physical Protection Measures Determined best practices for material control and accounting, and proposed establishing technical working group on insider threat. 3 United States Jul-08 3 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

4 22 Workshop on the Best Practices to Ensure Security of Nuclear Materials Analyzed best practices to ensure security of nuclear materials within the framework of the International Center on Uranium Enrichment. 1 Russia Aug Design Basis Threat Seminar Briefing on combining private and public sector contributions to material control, accounting, and physical security systems. All Kazakhstan Sep Workshop: Legal Issues Related to Discussed successful legal frameworks that address illicit 6 United States (held Sep-08 Combating Trafficking of Materials trafficking, and identified ways to improve existing regulations. in Germany) for Development of R/N Devices 25 Radiological Dispersion Device Response - Field Training Exercise Demonstrated how partners can identify, prepare for, and respond to an attack involving a radiological dispersion device. All Spain Oct Engagement of Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians Working With Nuclear Materials Promoted awareness of the threat of nuclear terrorism to technical experts from government, industry, professional institutions, and academia. 1,2,8 United Kingdom Oct nd Exercise Planning Group Meeting Identified strategies for development and execution of training events, workshops, tabletops, and field exercises, and introduced theme-based approach to exercise planning. All United States Nov Workshop on Research and Development of New Means of Detection of Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Substances Convened first responders, police, customs officials, equipment manufacturers, and representatives from research and technology programs to brief participants on the European Union s detection approaches. 3 France Dec Workshop for Pacific Island Discussed control and life-cycle management of radioactive 1,2,3 New Zealand (held Apr-09 Countries on Security and Safety sources and practical source security issues in the Pacific, and in Vanuatu) of Radiological Sources identified possible national and regional follow-up responses. 30 Workshop: Detecting and Responding to Illicit Transport and Trafficking of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials Utilized three technical meetings and a plenary session to evaluate progress on detection and response capabilities. 3 Republic of Korea Apr-09 4 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

5 31 3rd Exercise Planning Group Meeting Discussed transition from Exercise Planning Group to Activity Coordination Group, and introduced new framework for planning and conducting workshops and exercises. All Republic of Korea Apr nd Model Guidelines Document Finalized production of the Model Guidelines Document for 3 United States (held Apr-09 Workshop Nuclear Detection Architectures. in Germany) 33 Discussion Exercise (DISCEX) Blue Glow on Securing Radiological Material Utilized scenarios involving radioactive materials to evaluate improvements in technical detection measures and identify opportunities for information sharing with international actors and assistance networks. 3,6,8 Australia May Workshop on Prevention of Illicit Trafficking of R/N Materials Identified the national infrastructure (customs forces, police, ports, airports, etc.) required to prevent illicit trafficking. 3 Morocco Jun Plenary Meeting Gathered 55 partner nations and three official observers (IAEA, EU, and INTERPOL) to evaluate GICNT progress and identify future goals. Began discussion on revised Terms of Reference document. the Netherlands Jun Exercise COBALT on Information Sharing Exercised scenario involving a coordinated international terrorist effort involving R/N material; participants identified gaps in current arrangements for joint threat assessments. 8 the Netherlands Nov th Exercise Planning Group Meeting Discussed joint U.S.-Russian proposal to revise the GICNT Terms of Reference (TOR); partner feedback was incorporated into a revised proposal in preparation for vote at 2010 Plenary Meeting. Hungary Jan Nuclear Detection Architecture Determined key elements of nuclear detection architectures like 3 United States (held Mar-10 Workshop risk assessment, performance evaluation, and law enforcement in Germany) capacities. 39 Advanced Detection Symposium Identified innovative technologies for stand-off detection of fissile material, and discussed active detection, passive detection, secondary signatures, modeling and simulation, and operational training, demonstrations, and exercises. 3 United States / United Kingdom (held in United Kingdom) Mar-10 5 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

6 40 Nuclear Forensics and Related Legal Frameworks Workshop Discussed key issues in international nuclear forensics cooperation, including national libraries, training of first responders, transfer of samples across international borders, and developing national response plans. 1, 3, 6 Israel Jun Plenary Meeting Gathered 52 nations and 3 official observers to adopt a revised Terms of Reference and activate the Implementation and Assessment Group (IAG), which coordinates GICNT activities, and selected the United States and Russia to continue serving as Co- Chairs and Spain to serve as the IAG Coordinator. United Arab Emirates Jun Exercise on Countering the Gathered law enforcement, financial, and nonproliferation experts 5,8 Australia / United Sep-10 Financing of Nuclear Terrorism to raise awareness of financial tools to countering the financing of States / Kazakhstan nuclear terrorism; exercised scenario in which terrorist organizations used illicit transactions to acquire uranium; asked participants to identify existing international standards that, if implemented, could help prevent the fictional terrorist activity. 43 Implementation and Assessment Discussed IAG vision, priorities and goals, and ways to align the IAG s work with other international efforts, and established IAG working groups in nuclear detection and nuclear forensics led by the Netherlands and Australia, respectively. Spain/Kazakhstan Sep Implementation and Assessment First IAG technical meetings which focused on the nuclear detection and nuclear forensics working groups led by the Netherlands and Australia; allowed technical experts to lay the groundwork for a comprehensive work program to begin developing practical products to equip partners to effectively combat the threat of nuclear terrorism. Spain Feb Exercise RABAT 2011 Enhanced Moroccan and international capabilities to detect and respond to malicious acts involving radioactive material; included discussions on national and international operational and policy concepts, as well as demonstrations on capabilities and techniques for responding to a malevolent act. 4,7 Morocco Mar-11 6 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

7 46 Nuclear Forensics Seminar and Tabletop Exercise Developed and fostered a common understanding of nuclear forensics capabilities and principles, emphasized the importance of nuclear forensics to policy and decision-makers, and identified potential cooperative national and international informationsharing partnerships. 3,8 Germany May Radiological Exercise Design & Development Workshop Provided participants with the basic tools to design, develop and successfully evaluate nuclear and radiological emergency exercises; participants learned how to select the appropriate exercise, develop objectives, design/manage an emergency exercise, and develop appropriate methods to evaluate the exercise. 7 United Kingdom May Implementation and Assessment Reviewed IAG activities and discussed progress on draft working group products. Republic of Korea Jun Plenary Meeting Reviewed the Initiative s progress since the partnership adopted a revised Terms of Reference (TOR) at the 2010 Plenary, highlighted efforts of the newly-created IAG and informed partner nations of the progress the IAG working groups in nuclear forensics and nuclear detection have made in developing concrete, actionable documents for the GICNT community, and added response and mitigation as a third GICNT priority focus area, led by Morocco. Republic of Korea Jun Nuclear Detection Workshop Collaborated on an international best practices guide "Awareness, Training, & Exercise in Relation to Nuclear and Radiological Detection" to further strengthen the nuclear security and efforts to combat nuclear terrorism. 3,4 Croatia Oct Seminar & Public Messaging Tabletop Exercise, "I Hermes" Identified best practices for the management of public information and developed a checklist for the dissemination of information to policy levels and the public. 7,8 Australia Nov Africa Outreach Event Conducted an outreach event for 24 prospective GICNT partner nations from Africa. All Morocco Nov-11 7 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

8 53 Implementation and Assessment Second IAG technical meetings which focused on the nuclear detection, nuclear forensics, response & mitigation working groups led by the Netherlands, Australia, and Morocco (respectively). Morocco Feb Toronto RADEX 2012 Using a table-top exercise, demonstrated best practices for response to the threat of a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) terrorist attack. The event showcased specialized equipment and some operational capabilities and provided insights into jurisdictional challenges posed by various levels of government and the mechanisms used to promote effective communication and information sharing. 4, 7,8 Canada May Tabletop Exercise IRON KOALA on Information Sharing During Nuclear Smuggling Events Focused on the international and domestic relationships that enable information sharing and the nuclear forensics capabilities necessary to deal with radioactive materials found outside regulatory control. 4, 7,8 Australia May "Guardian 2012" Exercise Involved live demonstration drills focusing on different aspects of Russia s national nuclear threat detection system and demonstrated the equipment and technologies used for responding to terrorist attacks involving the use of the nuclear material and radioactive substances. 3 Russia Sep Joint Working Group Meeting Allowed the Nuclear Forensics Working Group and Response and Mitigation Working Group to meet separately, then come together to discuss the intersections of both groups in managing nuclear and radiological events. 7, 8 Italy Oct nd Symposium on Enhanced Detection of Special Nuclear Material Held under auspices of NDWG, the Symposium addressed the challenges of detecting special nuclear material and the following: advances in passive detection; research into active techniques; Muon based technologies; real world practical experiences; and standards, training and approaches to professional development. 3, 4 United Kingdom Nov-12 8 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

9 59 "Planning and Organization" Guidelines Development Workshop NDWG workshop held to review and develop "Guidelines for Planning and Organization," the third document in the "Developing an Nuclear Detection Architecture" series. 3, 4 Ukraine Nov Implementation and Assessment IAG technical meetings which focused on the nuclear detection, nuclear forensics, response & mitigation working groups led by the Netherlands, Australia, and Morocco (respectively). Spain Feb Joint Spain-Morocco Response and Mitigation Exercise A joint Spain-Morocco TTX (also open to all partners as observers) that aimed to improve national and international response and mitigation capabilities in the event of a nuclear or radiological terrorist attack with major consequences to human health, property and the environment. 7, 8 Spain Apr Plenary Meeting This biennial meeting allowed the GICNT to highlight past activities; review and endorse products of the IAG Working Groups; recognize the leadership of Spain as the first IAG Coordinator; endorse the Republic of Korea as the new IAG Coordinator; and direct the future activities and products of the GICNT. Mexico May Nuclear Detection Working Group Workshop Participants gathered to refine the text of "Nuclear Detection Within a State's Interior," the final document in the NDWG series on developing a nuclear detection architecture. They also began work on a "Tabletop Exercise Playbook," a compendium of scenarios from detection-related exercises. 3, 4 Greece Oct Nuclear Forensics Workshop and Exercise Blue Beagle Discussed good practices during the investigation and exploration of crime scenes contaminated with radioactive material, as aided by nuclear forensics technical support. The event also discussed chain of custody, national nuclear forensics libraries, national and regional capabilities, and international guidance in developing capabilities. A short exercise, Blue Beagle, was also included and it demonstrated the UK s plan and processes for managing a crime scene contaminated with radioactive material. 6,7,8 United Kingdom Jan-14 9 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

10 65 Tiger Reef : Cross-Disciplinary Training Workshop and Tabletop Exercise This was a joint working group activity that addressed overlapping concerns of both the Nuclear Forensics Working Group and Response and Mitigation Working Group. The workshop and exercise showed the importance of training crime scene managers and response experts in each other s fields so emergency response is not impeded and evidence collection is optimized. 7,8 Malaysia Feb Nuclear Detection Working Group Workshop and Field Training Exercise The workshop and exercise focused on detection alarm adjudication at ports and the follow-on communications protocols. The workshop highlighted the threat posed by nuclear and radiological terrorism and providing an overview of other key issues related to event. During the field training exercise, Mexico tested its radiation detection alarm adjudication process and communications protocols, and its radiological source recovery and emergency response capabilities. 3,4 Mexico Feb Nuclear Detection Working Group Workshop Participants gathered to refine the text of "Nuclear Detection Within a State's Interior," the final document in the NDWG series 3, 4 United States (held in Germany) Apr-14 on developing a nuclear detection architecture. They also continued work on a "Tabletop Exercise Playbook," a compendium of scenarios from detection-related exercises. 68 Nuclear Forensics Working Group Workshop The workshop included drafting sessions for Sharing Nuclear Forensics Information: Benefits, Resources, and Challenges document. It also allowed participants to review the outcomes of recent NFWG activities, prepare for the upcoming Implementation and Assessment Group Meeting, and identify potential topics for future NFWG activities. 7,8 Lithuania Apr Response and Mitigation Working Group Workshop The workshop included drafting sessions for the Response and Mitigation Framework Document, a review of the outcomes of recent RMWG activities, a discussion of response fundamentals, preparation for the upcoming Implementation and Assessment Group Meeting, and identification of potential topics for future RMWG activities. 7 France May Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

11 70 Implementation and Assessment IAG technical meetings which focused on the nuclear detection, nuclear forensics, response & mitigation working groups led by the Netherlands, Australia, and Morocco (respectively) Republic of Korea Jul Paihuen : Radiological Emergency Management Exercise 2014 Bilateral exercise between Argentina and Chile demonstrating best practices for interagency communication and coordination in responding effectively to nuclear and radiological terrorist attacks. International observers also took part in separate portion of the exercise. 7 Argentina and Chile Aug Mystic Deer : Nuclear Forensics Fundamentals Tabletop Exercise The workshop and exercise showcased key concepts contained in the GICNT document, Nuclear Forensics Fundamentals for Policy Makers and Decision Makers, and promoted practical application of core forensics capabilities such as rules of evidence and the development and use of national level nuclear security tools. 7, 8 Hungary Oct Northern Lights : Nuclear Detection Working Group Workshop and Tabletop Exercise Northern Lights focused on the application of traditional law enforcement techniques toward investigating illicit trafficking in RN materials; how radiation detection capabilities can effectively support those investigations; and the importance of a whole-ofgovernment effort to detect and respond to illicit trafficking activities involving RN materials. 3, 4, 7, 8 Finland Jan Implementation and Assessment IAG technical meetings which focused on the nuclear detection, nuclear forensics, response & mitigation working groups led by the Netherlands, Australia, and Morocco, respectively. Morocco Feb Glowing Tulip : International Conference and Mock Trial on Nuclear Forensics Glowing Tulip underscored the utility of strong legal provisions criminalizing material out of regulatory control (consistent with international treaties), highlighted best practices for laboratory management of forensics evidence, and provided partner countries with tools and information to support the preparation of their national laboratories for expert testimony in court. 6, 7 the Netherlands Mar Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

12 76 Sugong Bagani : Public Messaging for Emergency Management Workshop Sugong Bagani focused on communication to a domestic audience during terrorist incidents involving nuclear or other radioactive materials. The workshop assisted partner nations in identifying communication challenges and developing or improving communication practices between government agencies, and between the government and the public. 7 The Philippines Apr Radiant City : Nuclear Detection and Nuclear Forensics Workshop and Tabletop Exercise Radiant City built on key outcomes from the Northern Lights event, focusing on how both technical and non-technical nuclear detection capabilities can support an investigation into illicit trafficking of RN materials; and the application of nuclear forensic science in support of an ongoing investigation. 3, 4, 7, 8 European Union May Plenary Meeting This meeting highlighted past activities; reviewed and endorsed products of the IAG Working Groups; endorsed The Netherlands as the new IAG Coordinator; and directed the future activities and products of the GICNT. Finland Jun NFWG Experts Meeting Subject matter experts convened to elucidate experiences and perspectives in the development and implementation of national nuclear forensics programs, with the aim to identify good practices and lessons learned that could be shared with all GICNT partner nations. 7 United States Oct RMWG Workshop and Exercise "Blue Raven" Blue Raven was a National Frameworks Series event that focused on national level coordination of response operations. Participants discussed themes related to information sharing, resource deployment, and scientific advice for decision makers. 7 United Kingdom Nov RMWG Experts Meeting The experts meeting provided an opportunity for the RMWG Chair to propose a series of concepts for future RMWG activities and receive feedback from partner nations. Partners emphasized their interest in international coordination, public health, and a continuing emphasis on public messaging. 7 United Kingdom Nov Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

13 82 NDWG Experts Meeting The experts meeting focused on the sharing of experiences and perspectives in the development and implementation of national nuclear security detection architectures (NSDA) and the potential uses for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in enhancing NSDAs. 3,4 Finland Jan Exercise Falcon Exercise Falcon was a joint RMWG/NDWG exercise focused on national detection architectures, incident response, sustainability, and regional approaches to nuclear security. The exercise was jointly supported by the European Commission, GICNT and UNICRI. 3, 4, 7, 8 United Arab Emirates Feb International Communications and Assistance Workshop, "Kangaroo Harbour" Kangaroo Harbour drew on themes from all three GICNT working groups to address challenges that may arise in communicating with the international community following a nuclear security event. The exercise involved three modules: information alert, MORC, and an RDD. 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 Australia May Implementation and Assessment The IAG meeting followed immediately after Kangaroo Harbour. Working group chairs provided updates on past and planned activities and event hosts gave more detailed presentations on the outcomes of their events. Australia May GICNT 10th Anniversary Meeting At the Anniversary Meeting partners reaffirmed their support for the GICNT's Statement Principles, participated in retrospective discussions on the first 10 years of GICNT work, and discussed future themes for the GICNT in the context of emerging nuclear security threats. the Netherlands Jun OLYMPUS : Law Enforcement and Olympus was a regional exercise that brought together law 3, 4, 7 Romania Oct-16 Technical Experts Regional enforcement officials and technical experts across the fields of (organized with Exercise nuclear detection and forensics to identify best practices related INTERPOL) to interagency coordination and communication in support of technical reach back during a terrorist attempt to acquire or use radioactive materials. 13 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

14 88 NFWG Experts Meeting This experts meeting focused on developing practical tools for capacity building in nuclear forensics. In particular, the development of content for the chapter on Nuclear Forensics in the GICNT Exercise Playbook, the design-phase of a selfassessment tool, and contribution to drafting the NFWG Work Plan for Italy Nov Medical Preparedness and Response to Nuclear Security Events Workshop The workshop provided a forum to explore challenges unique to medical aspects of responding to nuclear security events. It addressed medical preparedness for nuclear security events with a particular emphasis on resources and sustainability, interagency coordination, public messaging, and international assistance. 7 Panama Nov "Vigilant Marmot" Legal Vigilant Marmot addressed challenges in adopting or updating 5, 6, 7. 8 Slovakia (organized Jan-17 Frameworks Workshop national legal frameworks for nuclear security, highlighted with Canada and obligations under international legal instruments against UNODC) radiological-nuclear terrorism, and considered practical models for implementing these obligations. Scenario-based dialogue focused on criminalization penalties under CPPNM/A and ICSANT. 91 Implementation and Assessment The IAG Meeting included forensics, detection and response working group meetings, led by Australia, Finland, and Morocco respectively. It also included three cross-disciplinary seminars on sustainability, radiological source security, and legal frameworks, chaired by the UK, US, and Canada respectively. India 17-Feb 92 Magic Maggiore : Technical Reachback Workshop Magic Maggiore helped raise awareness and build commitment towards technical reachback, presented best practices to address key challenges, and identified areas for future work in this field. 3,4 European Union Mar SENTINEL 2017 Workshop: Best The Sentinel workshop focused on the development and 3, 4, 7, 8 Bulgaria (organized May-17 Practices for National Nuclear implementation of national-level nuclear security exercise with United Security Exercise Programs programs. Identified ways to establish a national exercise Kingdom) program, and sustain and enhance national capabilities through exercise programs. 14 Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

15 Plenary and Implementation and Assessment Group Meeting Welcomed Paraguay and Nigeria as new partners; allowed the GICNT to highlight past activities; reviewed and endorsed products of the IAG Working Groups; endorsed Finland as the IAG Coordinator for the term and Morocco and as the IAG Coordinator for the term. Japan Jun NFWG Experts Meeting: Presenting Nuclear Forensic Findings in Court Partners shared perspectives on considerations for preparing, producing, and presenting nuclear forensics findings to support the judicial process. Discussions included how a state s national legal system informs the requirements for technical experts when conducting a nuclear forensic examination and providing expert witness testimony. 6, 8 European Union Jun Paihuen II : Radiological Emergency Management Exercise 2017 Paihuen II was a bilateral exercise between Argentina and Chile demonstrating best practices for interagency communication and coordination in responding effectively to nuclear and radiological terrorist attacks. 7 Argentina and Chile Sep Roof of the World : Central Asia Nuclear Detection Exercise Roof of the World was regional exercise to highlight the work of partners in promoting the development of national nuclear detection architectures and identify challenges and best practices in developing a national exercise program to test and improve national detection capabilities. 7 Tajikistan Oct OLYPMUS RELOADED : Regional Exercise on Nuclear Forensics Support to Investigations Building on the objectives and outcomes from the 2016 Olympus Exercise, Olympus Reloaded focused on the use and exchange of nuclear forensic information in support of a law enforcement investigations. 4,7, 8 Romania Nov NDWG Experts Meeting Partners shared experiences in building and sustaining national nuclear detection architectures and discussed plans for future GICNT activities to promote national implementation of nuclear detection guidance. 6,8 the Netherlands Jan Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

16 100 Blue Lion : Recovery and Consequence Management Workshop At Blue Lion, participants discussed models and best practices for the response to a terrorist attack involving radioactive material and focused on planning for early response actions that may ease the transition to recovery and long-term impacts of such an attack. 7,8 United Kingdom Feb RMWG Experts Meeting Held on the first day of the Blue Lion Workshop, the meeting allowed for a review of the RMWG Work Plan. Additionally, partners considered future activities under the working group, which included technical presentations on priority RMWG themes. 7,8 United Kingdom Feb Destiny Elephant : Nuclear Forensics Exercise Destiny Elephant built on the outcomes of the 2014 Exercise Mystic Deer by applying the GICNT best practices guidance document Forensics Fundamentals for Policymakers to the current nuclear forensics challenges. Participants engaged on technical, operational and policy-level considerations for coordinating national-level authorities during the investigation of a nuclear security incident. 4,7,8 Thailand Mar Fierce Falcon : Radiological Source Security and Theft Response Workshop Fierce Falcon highlighted best practices associated with an immediate site and local law enforcement response to an attempted or actual theft of radiological material. Discussions emphasized the need to establish relationships through joint trainings between law enforcement and technical experts and start with basic awareness training for local law enforcement, with progressively more advanced training. 1,2,4,7 Hungary Apr Jaguar Negro National Field Exercise and GICNT Workshop Jaguar Negro was a two-day national-level field exercise that built upon the outcomes of the GICNT Nuclear Detection Workshop and FTX held in Manzanillo, Mexico, in February 2014, and addressed other practical aspects related to emergency response and mitigation, radiological crime scene management, communications protocols, and nuclear forensics to effectively support prosecuting an act of terrorism involving nuclear or other radioactive material (RN). In addition, Mexico hosted a one day 4, 6, 7, Mexico May Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018

17 workshop to support GICNT outreach and exchange national models, best practices, and lessons learned from Jaguar Negro. 105 Implementation and Assessment The IAG Meeting included discussion on progress made and future priorities for the work plans of the forensics, detection and response working group led by Canada, UK, and Argentina, respectively. The meeting also included three cross-disciplinary seminars on sustainability, legal frameworks, and public messaging chaired by the UK, Canada and the Netherlands, and Argentina respectively. Finland Jun Key Multilateral Events and Exercises June 2018