The Terrorism Threat to Physical Assets

Transcription

1 The Terrorism Threat to Physical Assets S U B S T A T I O N A T T A C K A N D C O U N T E R M E A S U R E S Howard J. Somers, P.E. Vice President Loss Control / Division Head AEGIS Insurance Services, Inc. 1

2 Outline Introduction threats to electric system assets Howard J. Somers, P.E. Vice President Loss Control / Division Head Metcalf incident Greg Williams, PG&E Security Investigator, Corporate Security Department Protecting physical assets (substations) Scot Macomber Vice President Loss Control Utility Operations Definition of Terrorism No academic or international legal consensus Different definitions (over 100) United Nations General Assembly used the following description in Resolution 49/60; December 9, 1994 Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatsoever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethic, religious or any other nature that may invoked to justify them 2

3 Definition of Terrorism Federal Bureau of Investigation in the US Code Domestic terrorism activities that Involve acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law; Appear intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping; and Occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the US Root of the Word Terror causing feelings of fear; invoking fear Violence that is committed by a person, group or government in order to frighten people and achieve a political goal Terror in the case of electric system wide-scale blackout 3

4 Electric System (Physical Assets) Generating stations Hydroelectric, steam turbine, combustion turbine, internal combustion turbine, geothermal, solar, wind Transmission systems Overhead (sub-transmission, HV, EHV, UHV) Underground Some large cities; not practical or permissible for overhead Substations Transmission (GSU or switching) Distribution (located near utilization point) Electric System (Physical Assets) Distribution system Distribution substation, feeder circuits, switches, protective devices and equipment (circuit breakers and fuses), primary circuits, distribution transformers, secondaries and services Connect to customers equipment Located near load Energy control centers Oversee electric system; coordinate response to system emergencies Direct the operation in a safe, reliable and economic manner 4

5 Electric System Impacts Natural disasters which can cause blackouts are not new to the US Trackable events Hurricane, wind, ice, heat, wildfire, storm surge, thunderstorms (to a certain degree) Unpredictable events Tornado, earthquake, lightning, inadvertent equipment operation, solar magnetic disturbance, sabotage 5

6 Electric System Operations and Training Operation and restoration procedures Reserve capacity / spinning reserve Interconnection of tie transmission lines Adequate transmission and station capability Prompt disconnection of equipment and power reroute Ability to remotely operate equipment PBI scenarios Emergency management organization Coordinated drills with company, emergency management organizations and outside entities Electric System Design Parameters SCADA two-way equipment communication Power lines Designed to address heat, ice and wind loading ROWs Maintain adequate clearances Substations Enclosed, inspected, monitored and secure 55,000 transmission substations within the US 6

7 Physical Assets Substation Purpose Switching; connecting or disconnecting parts of the system Voltage transformation Reactive power compensation Primary Not located near load; load dispersed; isolated areas Distribution Located near customer premises; no longer occupied automatic reclosing relay Third Party Liability Claims Reported to AEGIS Involving Illegal Activity with Electric Assets 7

8 Consequences of Substation Attacks Power outages and reliability of the electric grid California Metcalf attack (2013) Arkansas sabotage incidents (2013) Substation control room fire; HV transmission line failure Arizona makeshift bomb (2014) Ruptured a diesel storage tank Washington attack (2014) Pole top transformer failures Consequences of Substation Attacks Potential injury to utility workers and the public Repair and replacement costs (labor and materials) Potential loss to business 8

9 M E T C A L F S U B S T A T I O N I N C I D E N T Greg Williams Security Operations & Investigations Risk and Audit Pacific Gas and Electric Corporate Security Department Metcalf Substation Incident April 16,

10 Where Did It Happen? Where Did It Happen? 10

11 Metcalf Substation Monterey Road Coyote Ranch Rd US 101 What Happened? Calpine AT&T Fiber Vault Level 3 Fiber Vault 11

12 What Happened? What Happened? Equipment with Gunshot Damage 12

13 What Happened? Damage to Transformers How Did We Immediately Respond? Operations Immediately activated company emergency response protocols, including establishing an incident command structure at Metcalf substation Transferred customers from Metcalf to other substations Evaluated potential system overloads Coordinated with the CAISO to increase local generation and alert customers about Flex Alert issued for local area Cancelled scheduled system work 13

14 How Did We Immediately Respond? Security Coordinated and shared information with multiple law enforcement agencies Immediate on-site security presence at multiple facilities Law enforcement conducted ground / air patrols of critical substations How Did We Immediately Respond? Environmental Worked with local agencies to support cleanup efforts 14

15 Long-Term Response Evaluated and enhanced security at all critical facilities No customers lost service and there were no public or employee safety incidents as a result of this event Coyote Ranch Road Vegetation Limits View 15

16 Coyote Ranch Road Vegetation Cleared T H AN K Y OU 16

17 P R O T E C T I N G P H Y S I C A L A S S E T S - S U B S T A T I O N S Scot Macomber, CGE Vice President Loss Control Utility Operations AEGIS Insurance Services, Inc. Protecting Physical Assets Substations Member actions taken Utility countermeasures Security initiatives Legislative and regulatory initiatives 17

18 Utility Countermeasures and Security Initiatives Communication and coordination Signs and warnings Lighting and intrusion detection Fencing Razor wire in addition to barbed wire New designs to include solid concrete walls, where applicable Non-cut Fencing 18

19 Security Initiatives Signage: This facility is monitored by video cameras Infrared motion detectors CCTV with motion detectors Audible alarm with CCTV and motion detectors Vibration detection on fences Intrusion Monitoring Systems Fence vibration Motion sensor Video surveillance Remote Audible 19

20 Security Initiatives More frequent security patrols Varied times Targeted locations Critical locations Increased incident reporting and coordination with law enforcement Understanding evidence needed for charges Coordinating enforcement activities / stings Public outreach: If you see something, say something Possible use of aircraft drones (future initiative) Electric Utility Public Safety Campaigns Theft or other messages (sabotage, etc.) 20

21 Legislative and Regulatory Initiatives State-by-state legislative issue More than half the states have enacted laws related to illegal activities; others have pending legislation New reliability standards Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) directs North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to develop reliability standards March 7, 2014 NERC Board of Trustees adopts CIP May 13, 2014 Anticipated effective date January, 2015 Regulatory Initiatives NERC Reliability Standards Protect against physical risks to critical facilities Critical facility identification methodology Develop risk assessments for their facilities Vulnerability identification Evaluate threats to, and vulnerabilities for, those identified critical facilities Physical security plan Develop and implement a security plan to protect against threats and vulnerabilities 21

22 Questions? Real group effort. 22