November 29, ECE 421 Session 28. Utility SCADA and Automation. Presented by: Chris Dyer

Transcription

1 ECE 421 Session 28 November 29, 2018 Utility SCADA and Automation Presented by: Chris Dyer

2 Utility SCADA & Automation Chris Dyer, P.E. BSEE University of Idaho, 1997 SCADA & Automation Engineer POWER Engineers, Inc., SCADA and Analytical Services (SAS) Department Manager, Boise, ID

3 S.C.A.D.A Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition What is SCADA?

4 Transmitting and receiving logic or data (telemetry) Monitoring of processes Monitoring of equipment health Remote control What is SCADA?

5 Why SCADA? Ability to manage large systems efficiently Area control and balance System reconfiguration Automation Load shedding Load transfer Reactive compensation Resiliency

6 What data? Breaker status Analog data Voltage Current Real/reactive power Load tap changer position Critical apparatus alarms Controls

7 SCADA = Visibility

8 SCADA = Visbility

9 SCADA = Visibility

10 SCADA Evolution Early History Before SCADA Limited technology Local control limiting system size Manpower required Coordination was difficult Slow response Conservative operation Longer, more frequent outages

11 SCADA Evolution Early History Homegrown custom solutions Proprietary systems Distributed Energy Management Systems (EMS) Remote Terminal Units (RTU) Discrete hardwired components Auxiliary contacts, DC inputs, AC current/voltage transducers with A/D converter

12 SCADA Evolution Recent History Open (non-proprietary) RTUs Local Human Machine Interface (HMI) Traditional annunciator/mimic PC based Web based Communication infrastructure owned or leased EMS & associated systems Data repository

13 SCADA Evolution Modern Era IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) Digital microprocessor relays Meters, Battery Chargers, XFMR Monitors, etc. Communications and database additions Moore s Law as applied to SCADA devices Data Concentrators vs. RTUs

14 SCADA Evolution - Communications 1200 baud Bell 202 standard lease-lines Low bandwidth, high availability Traditional serial (RS232/RS485) Microwave (and other RF communications) Leased broadband circuits Owned Fiber Optic Networks Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) Ethernet LANs & WANs Increased bandwidth at lower costs

15 SCADA Evolution - Protocols Set of rules defining the exchange of information utilizing digital data transmission between intelligent devices Software communication languages Media Access Control Hardware handshaking RTS/CTS/DSR/DTR

16 OSI Seven Layer Model

17 OSI Seven Layer Model

18 SCADA Evolution - Protocols Proprietary based on manufacturer Modbus industrial communications Often Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based Distributed Network Protocol (DNP) V3.00 developed as an open protocol Heralded in an era of interoperability

19 SCADA Evolution - Protocols Utility Communications Architecture (UCA) Object-oriented Self-description Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol (ICCP) IEC Standard Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) Sampled Values (SV)

20 SCADA Evolution The Future Smart Grid IEC Synchrophasors Big Data analytics Condition Based Maintenance Microgrids Cybersecurity

21 Grid Modernization Smart Grid Many definitions; driven by marketing Demand side data for customer use Smart meters Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Distribution Automation Load transfer Load shedding/recovery Volt/VAR control

22 Grid Modernization Digital Substation Fly by wire Networked High data availability Redundancy Distributed Energy Resources & Microgrids Distribution system design Protection & stability Control & management

23 IEC International Electrotechnical Commission Set of standards System & project management Engineering tools Data modeling Hardware requirements Product lifecycle Communication structure

24 IEC Cont d Station Bus SCADA Protocols Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) Protection Protocols Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) Process bus Measurement Sampled Value (SV)

25 IEC Cont d Object oriented standard for modeling substation and apparatus Example: Logic Node: Circuit Breaker (XCBR) Data Object: Position (Pos)» Data Attributes: Control type, time Status Operations counter Quality Time stamp

26 IEC-61850

27 IEC Factors impeding adoption Room for interpretation of standards Complex with integration of other standards Integration of different skills sets Limited interoperability Brownfield site complexity Training Testing & Commissioning Documentation (logic diagrams, etc) Trust & confidence Technology and standardization will drive the implementation

28 Synchrophasors High frequency data sampling Time stamped voltage & current phasor measurements Synchronized utilizing GPS Instability detection Post mortem sequence of events Potential to allow dynamic power flow monitoring

29 BIG Data Analytics

30 BIG Data Analytics AMI GIS SCADA Meteorological System Models Engineering data CIS/Outage Reports Apparatus/Device Monitors Phasor Measurement Units

31 BIG Data Analytics

32 Condition Based Maintenance Definition Real time monitoring of apparatus Evaluation of data Notification Automated correction Traditional methods Time based Performance based (failure)

33 Condition Based Maintenance Example: Power Transformer High cost, long lead IED monitoring of: Dissolved gases Partial discharge Cooling fan operation Operation & stress Trend analysis Uprating

34 Condition Based Maintenance Benefits Equipment expenditures Labor & resource expenditures Operational data Event analysis

35 What is a Microgrid? What does a Microgrid consist of? How is the operation different? Special considerations Communications SCADA Microgrids

36 What is a Microgrid? a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or islandmode. DOE Definition

37 What is a Microgrid? Limited points of interconnection Single controllable entity Islanded operation capability Black start capability Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Renewable sources Energy storage Power management/load shaping

38 What s in a Microgrid? Grid POI Critical Loads Schedulable/Interruptible Loads Grid Controller SCADA Interface(s) Generation Energy Storage

39 What IS a Microgrid?

40 Where Are Microgrids Found? Military bases Campuses Buildings Economic Development districts

41 Why are People Interested? Resiliency Renewables Asset utilization

42 Cybersecurity The Threat Stuxnet virus the danger is real NERC CIP-14 Central California physical security attack Recent hacks Ukraine (2) Federal government (OPM) Democratic National Party Is your local utility next?

43 Cybersecurity Response NERC (North American Electric Reliability Corporation) CIP (Critical Infrastructure Protection) Reliability & security Critical assets definition Compliance & penalties

44 Cybersecurity Actions Policies & procedures Training Situational awareness Configuration management Monitor & detection Response & recovery

45 Substation of the future?

46 Thanks for your attention Chris Questions?