Peering Evolution in Africa

Transcription

1 Peering Evolution in Africa By Michuki Mwangi (ISOC) France-IX GM 2015

2 What is the Internet Society? The Internet Society (ISOC) is a cause-based organization that works with governments, industries, and others to ensure the technologies and policies that helped develop and evolve the Internet will continue into the future. Our programs cultivate an Internet that is open to everyone, everywhere and aim to ensure that it will continue to be a tool for creativity, innovation, and economic growth. MISSION: To promote the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world. VISION: The Internet is for everyone

3 Global Presence EUROPE NORTH AMERICA AFRICA THE MIDDLE EAST ASIA Chapters OCTOBER 2013 LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN 100+ Chapters Worldwide 65,000+ Members and Supporters 145+ Organization Members 6 Regional Bureaus 18 Countries with ISOC Offices

4 Africa Interconnection Overview: Background

5 2008 Fiber infrastructure Against IXPs in Africa : SEA-ME-WE-3 Total Capacity 480Gbps 17 IXPs in 15 African Countries 12 were considered responsive based on a survey conducted in 2008 Average number of years across all IXPs was 4.1yrs 10 of 12 IXPs provided traffic stats Highest had 200Mbps and lowest was 300Kbps 1/3 of the IXPs had an open membership policy. Remaining 2/3 s were subject to regulatory or membership set criteria 75% of the respondents had a Mandatory Multilateral peering policy Copper and wireless connectivity was predominant over fiber 41% of the IXPs did not charge fees and the highest fees were $9,000 and lowest was $50 75% were ran by ISPA. Others by NREN, Govt. and by a not-for-profit (non-ispa) : SAT2 Total Capacity 560Mbps : SAT3 Total Capacity 340Gbps : SAFE Total Capacity 440Gbps

6 2008: Traffic distribution across10 African IXPs

7 What we observed from 2008 Survey Positive There was a seemingly good linkage between IXPs and the cctld IXPs had relatively good connectivity The role of Governments in IXPs was seemingly progressive IXP Models were ideal at that stage Negative The Mandatory Multi- Lateral peering policy was a dominant obstacle to IXP growth Membership policies were not progressive IXP sustainability was an area of concern. More value added services need to be implemented at the IXPs

8 Gaps identified There was a lack of general knowledge on IXP best practices to enable them grow There was no platform for sharing experiences or learning amongst the IXPs and operators Cross-border interconnection between networks was almost non-existent 30% of the known IXPs were unresponsive for unknown reasons Central, North and West Africa were lagging behind in IXP deployment Africa has a large Internet Transit Deficit in comparison to other regions.

9 ISOC s Interconnection and Traffic Exchange Program

10 ITE Programme Vision and Mission Vision: What s this ultimately about?: Fostering a ubiquitous, reliable, and sustainable Internet in Africa that will propel the continent's aspirations in economic and social development. An Africa that s not just an Internet Consumer but an Internet Creator, on par with the rest of the world. A robust, efficient, and cost-effective interconnection and traffic exchange landscape in Africa is required to achieve this vision Mission: The mission of the programme therefore is: To transform the African ITE landscape by assisting and empowering a range of actors and influencers in the ITE ecosystem with the knowledge, skills, capacities, and collaborative approaches needed to make decisions and implement actions that will foster a robust, efficient, and cost-effective African ITE environment. To achieve systemic change, the programme will address issues and develop partnerships across the technical, policy, business, and economic spheres and seek to positively impact related local, regional, and international dynamics. Reducing the information asymmetry that currently exists between Africa and the rest of the world.

11 Goal: 80% local and 20% international Internet traffic in Africa by 2020 Vision 80/20 by 2020 IXP Assistance Community of Practice Capacity Building Statistics, Measurements & Info Policy Makers Engagement New IXPs Leveling up AfPIF AF-IX Technical & Best Practices (AXIS & Internal) ARPAN Studies & Reports Cross-border Policy

12 Impact of ITE program

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14 Impact on Africa s Interconnection Scene Conducted 15 workshops in 15 Africa countries on Technical and policy issues related to IXP development Workshops trained over 300 engineers and policy makers Established and organized 6 AfPIF events Supported the establishment and activities of the Africa IXP association (Af-IX) Provided technical assistance, equipment support to at least 10 IXPs Created awareness with key policy stakeholders i.e UNECA, African Union, Regional Regulatory Associations, Regional Economic Communities (RECs) Overall growth of the African peering ecosystem Work lead to award to implement African Union AXIS project

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16 AXIS Project African Union awarded Internet Society two (2) contracts to implement AXIS project between Project focused on Capacity building and technical assistance in establishing IXPs Overall, phase 1 of the AXIS project trained over 1,200 people from 28 African Countries over the 2 year period AXIS Best practice workshops covered 28 African countries and trained over 700 people in English, French and Portuguese AXIS Technical Aspects workshops covered 28 African countries and trained over 500 engineers in interconnection technologies in English, French and Portuguese Phase 2 of AXIS conducted 5 workshops across the 5 geographic regions of Africa (Central, East, North, South and West Africa) Engaged over 350 experts from relevant public and private sector to discuss regional interconnection issues in in English and French

17 AXIS Outcomes Phase 1 Outcomes 8 new IXPs have been established as a result of the AXIS project Most successful IXP project in the region and raised importance of IXPs across the board Established new partnerships to enable deliver workshops in different languages (French & Portuguese) In the process, we also developed regional francophone IXP expertise with support of partners Phase 2 Outcomes At least 2 IXPs per region will receive financial assistance to enable them evolve and grow to become regional IXPs Project will provide technical assistance to ISPs to enable them evolve and become regional carriers Project established and supported work of 5 regional task-forces to review policy and regulatory barriers that inhibit national and crossborder interconnection in their respective regions.

18 33 IXPs in 25 Countries or 17% increase since 2008 Total Traffic exchanged at African IXPs >160Gbps More IXPs in West & Central Africa Data shows more cross-border interconnection/peering in East and Southern Africa

19 Cross-Border: Percentage of ASNs (origin ASNs) by country assignment in routes collected IXP: JINX (ZA) All ASNs Origin ASNs

20 Cross-Border: Percentage of ASNs (origin ASNs) by country assignment in routes collected IXP: KIXP (KE) All ASNs Origin ASNs

21 Cross-border: Percentage of ASNs (origin ASNs) by country assignment in routes collected IXP: CAIX (EG) All ASNs Origin ASNs

22 Cross-border: Percentage of ASNs (origin ASNs) by country assignment in routes collected IXP: MIX (MZ) All ASNs Origin ASNs

23 ITE is all about Partnerships & Collaboration The ITE program has been largely successful because of the overwhelming community support we have received in form of collaboration and partnership. The Internet Society would like to take this opportunity to thank France-IX, its members and partners for their unwavering support in the development of peering and interconnection in Africa

24 Challenges

25 1. Local & Cross-border Infrastructure Terrestrial Infrastructure Lack of competition on terrestrial fiber infrastructure High pricing on terrestrial fiber Limited services on terrestrial fiber i.e no dark fiber, managed (layer 2) fiber services, less than 1GE services available, etc from licensed operators Slow roll out of terrestrial fiber where licenses have been granted due to Carrier Neutral Data Centres Lack of carrier neutral data centers Availability of carrier owned data centers Lack of full spectrum of data center services where facilities are present Cross-border Interconnection Limited options for cross-border interconnection Higher pricing for cross-border point-2-point capacity resulting in preference for transit/tromboning for inter-country traffic Unfavorable policy and regulation on cross-border interconnection

26 2. Managing Stakeholder Interests Government involvement in the IXP development process leads to some new challenges Leadership ambiguity where the operators expect the government to drive the process and vise versa There are other similar initiatives i.e Worldbank sponsored infrastructure projects that include IXP development and are lead by the government The presence of funds inadvertently leads to interests in gold plating the IXP

27 3. IXP Operational Issues Volunteerism vs. Paid Staff Getting committed individuals to volunteer their time to the IXP is not easy or sustainable over long term Hiring FTE or Part-time staff requires the IXP to have a revenue source difficult to achieve during the startup phase without external funding assistance Business Sustainability It is difficult to convince IXP members to pay for peering services at the initial phase Good Governance obligations Compliance with constitutional obligations such as quarterly and annual meetings Compliance with statutory laws i.e taxation and audits Consistency in membership engagement and communications

28 4. CDN Cache Deployment CDN Cache location Lengthy discussions on location of the CDN cache between IXP members i.e hosting at IXP or at ISP network Hosting at IXP affects introduces new challenges to existing hardware resulting in need for equipment upgrade Hosting at ISP network raises concerns of entrenching dominance of the large or incumbent operators Cache Transit There is no ideal model for sharing the cost of the cache transit capacity Not all benefit Due to cost share model, not all ISPs at the IXP are able to benefit from the local CDN cache Routing issues and peering relationships lead to ISPs getting the CDN caches over transit links as opposed to peering link

29 5. Measurement & Information The is no perceived interest or benefit in collecting and sharing of data for measurement purposes It remains difficult to access or collect data from the region AF-IX survey initiated in 2015 received responses from 24 of 33 IXPs (73%) About ~80% of IXPs publish stats and info on their websites Where data is available, accuracy of the information received needs to be cross-checked or verified with other sources

30 Looking Ahead IXP Assistance Equipment and Technical Assistance Capacity building (Technical and Best Practices) AfPIF & AF-IX AfPIF-2016 in Tanzania Af-IX meetings at AIS and AfPIF Measurements Africa Measurements work with AF-IX, IMDEA Deployment of Ripe Atlas Probes and Anchors with AfriNIC/Ripe NCC Policy Engagements Regional organizations (EACO, AUC, ECOWAS, CRASA, etc)

31 Africa is OPEN for PEERING We are happy to show you around

32 Any Questions? Thank You!