System And Application Software

Transcription

1 Chapter Six System And Application Software Computer Skills Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6 1

2 Objectives Overview Define system software and identify the two types of system software Understand Application software Define Programming Languages Understand Database Management Systems Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 2

3 Software Software is Computer programs and associated documentation. Software products may be developed for a particular customer (aka Customized Software) or may be developed for a general market (aka Generic Software). Computer Skills: Chapter 6 3

4 Software Types Computer Skills: Chapter 6 4

5 System Software System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. Operating systems Utility Programs Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 5

6 Operating Systems An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources Start and shut down a computer Provide a user interface Manage programs Manage memory Coordinate tasks Configure devices Establish an Internet connection Monitor performance Provide utilities Automatically update Control a network Administer security Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 6

7 Utility Programs A utility program is a type of system software that allows maintenance-type tasks such as: Protecting against viruses Viewing images Uninstalling programs Cleaning up disks Compressing files Removing spyware and adware Filtering Internet content Maintaining a personal computer Searching for files Playing media files Burning optical discs Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 8

8 Finding Utility Programs In Windows Operating System, utility programs can be accessed by navigating: All Programs Accessories System Tools. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-System Software 9

9 Chapter Six Application Software Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 10

10 Application Software Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist with personal tasks. To make business activities more efficient To assist with graphics and multimedia projects To support home, personal, and educational tasks To facilitate communications Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 11

11 Business Software Business Software is application software that assists people while performing business activities. Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Note Taking Personal Information Manager Business Software for Phones Business Software Suites Project Management Accounting Document Management Enterprise Computing Software Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 12

12 Graphics and Multimedia Software Graphics and Multimedia Software is an application software that assists people while work with graphics and multimedia. Computer-aided design (CAD) software Desktop publishing software Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 13

13 Home, Personal, and Educational Software Home, Personal, and Educational Software is application software that designed specifically for use at home or for personal or educational use. Personal finance software Legal software Tax preparation software Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 14

14 Communication Software Communication Software is an application software that assists people to communicate and share information. Web Browser Instant Messaging Chat Room Text, Picture, Video Messaging RSS Aggregator Blogging Newsgroup/Mes sage Board FTP VoIP Video Conferencing Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 15

15 Application Software Available in a variety of forms: Generic product Customized product Web application Open source Shareware Freeware Public-domain software Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 16

16 Application Software Generic product is a stand-alone system that is marketed and sold to any customer who wishes to buy it. Customized product is a software that is commissioned by a specific customer to meet their own needs. A Web application is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet. Types of Web applications include e- mail, and game programs. Open source is software distributed or made public in source code (readable and modifiable), and are often developed as a community rather than by a single organization. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 17

17 Application Software Shareware is software that you can use on a trial basis before paying for it. Unlike freeware, shareware often has limited functionality or may only be used for a limited time before requiring payment and registration. Freeware is software that is free to use. Unlike commercial software, it does not require any payment or licensing fee. Public-domain software programs that are offered to the public without copyright restrictions. Public domain software is similar to open source software, in which the source code of a program is made publicly available. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Application Software 18

18 Chapter Six Programming Languages Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 19

19 Computer Program A computer program is executable software that runs on a computer. Examples: Web browsers, word processors, clients, video games, and system utilities. Created by a programmer using a programming language Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 20

20 Programming Languages A programming language is a set of commands, instructions, and other syntax use to create a software program.. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 21

21 Types of Programming Languages Two types of languages are: a. low-level b. high-level. A low-level language is a programming language that is machine dependent. Example: Machine Language and Assembly Language. A high-level language, by contrast, each language instruction typically equates to multiple machine instructions. Example: C++, Java, Visual Basic, and Python etc.. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Programming Languages 22

22 Chapter Six Database Management Systems Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 23

23 Databases, Data, and Information Data Collection of unprocessed items Text Numbers Images Audio Video Information Processed data Documents Audio Images Video Database group of related files Payroll, accountsreceivable, inventory Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 24

24 Databases, Data, and Information Database software, often called a database management system (DBMS), allow the: definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 25

25 The Data Hierarchy Data is organized in layers (Fields, Tables, Records, Database) A Field is a group of character with some meaning, such as your name, ID, Address etc. A Record is a group of related fields holding all the data about one person or item. A Table is a group of related records, such as Instructors table. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 26

26 File Processing Versus Databases File system File System suffers from: Application Dependency Duplication of data Isolation of data Database approach Data Sharing Controlled redundancy Data Independence Better Data Integrity Reduces development time Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 27

27 File Versus Databases Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 28

28 Data Model Every database and DBMS is based on a specific data model. A data model consists of rules and standards that define how the database organizes data. Examples of Data Models: Relational Data Model Used by most DBMSes Object-Oriented Model Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 29

29 Relational Databases A relational database stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns Each row has a primary key Each column has a unique name A relationship is a link within the data Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 30

30 Object-Oriented Databases An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data in objects. An object is an item that contains data (attributes), as well as the actions (method or operation) that read or process data. A student object, for example, might contain data about a student such as Student ID, First Name, Last Name, Address, and so on. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 31

31 Object-Oriented Databases Examples of applications appropriate for an object-oriented database include: Multimedia database Groupware database Computeraided design database Hypertext database Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 32

32 Structured Query Language (SQL) Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data. Most relational database products for servers and mainframes include SQL. Many personal computer databases also include SQL. Computer Skills 2016: Chapter6-Databases 33