Teradata Virtual Storage. Release 14.0 B A January 2012

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1 Teradata Virtual Storage Release 14.0 B A January 2012

2 The product or products described in this book are licensed products of Teradata Corporation or its affiliates. Teradata, Active Enterprise Intelligence, Applications Within, Aprimo, Aprimo Marketing Studio, Aster, BYNET, Claraview, DecisionCast, Gridscale, Managing the Business of Marketing, MyCommerce, Raising Intelligence, Smarter. Faster. Wins., SQL-MapReduce, Teradata Decision Experts, Teradata Labs Logo, Teradata Raising Intelligence Logo, Teradata Source Experts, WebAnalyst, and Xkoto are trademarks or registered trademarks of Teradata Corporation or its affiliates in the United States and other countries. Adaptec and SCSISelect are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adaptec, Inc. AMD Opteron and Opteron are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. EMC, PowerPath, SRDF, and Symmetrix are registered trademarks of EMC Corporation. GoldenGate is a trademark of Oracle. Hewlett-Packard and HP are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company. Intel, Pentium, and XEON are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. IBM, CICS, RACF, Tivoli, and z/os are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. LSI is a registered trademark of LSI Corporation. Microsoft, Active Directory, Windows, Windows NT, and Windows Server are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. NetVault is a trademark or registered trademark of Quest Software, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Novell and SUSE are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc., in the United States and other countries. Oracle, Java, and Solaris are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. QLogic and SANbox are trademarks or registered trademarks of QLogic Corporation. SAS and SAS/C are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. SPARC is a registered trademark of SPARC International, Inc. Symantec, NetBackup, and VERITAS are trademarks or registered trademarks of Symantec Corporation or its affiliates in the United States and other countries. Unicode is a registered trademark of Unicode, Inc. in the United States and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN AS-IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN NO EVENT WILL TERADATA CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS OR LOST SAVINGS, EVEN IF EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. The information contained in this document may contain references or cross-references to features, functions, products, or services that are not announced or available in your country. Such references do not imply that Teradata Corporation intends to announce such features, functions, products, or services in your country. Please consult your local Teradata Corporation representative for those features, functions, products, or services available in your country. Information contained in this document may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Information may be changed or updated without notice. Teradata Corporation may also make improvements or changes in the products or services described in this information at any time without notice. To maintain the quality of our products and services, we would like your comments on the accuracy, clarity, organization, and value of this document. Please teradata-books@lists.teradata.com. Any comments or materials (collectively referred to as Feedback ) sent to Teradata Corporation will be deemed non-confidential. Teradata Corporation will have no obligation of any kind with respect to Feedback and will be free to use, reproduce, disclose, exhibit, display, transform, create derivative works of, and distribute the Feedback and derivative works thereof without limitation on a royalty-free basis. Further, Teradata Corporation will be free to use any ideas, concepts, know-how, or techniques contained in such Feedback for any purpose whatsoever, including developing, manufacturing, or marketing products or services incorporating Feedback. Copyright by Teradata Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

3 Preface Purpose This book describes the optional Teradata Virtual Storage (VS) product. Audience This book is intended for database administrators and other technical personnel responsible for designing and administering Teradata Database. Supported Software Releases and Operating Systems This book supports Teradata Database Teradata Database 14.0 is supported on: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES)10 SLES 11 Note that SLES 11 will be supported after the initial release of Teradata Database Teradata Database client applications support other operating systems. Prerequisites You should be familiar with Teradata Database SQL DDL and DML, and database design strategies. For more information on these topics, refer to the following Teradata Database manuals: SQL Data Definition Language SQL Data Manipulation Language Database Design Teradata Virtual Storage 3

4 Preface Changes to This Book Changes to This Book Release Teradata Database 14.0 January 2012 Teradata Database 14.0 November 2011 Description Updated description of FORCE command tid syntax element. Updated Syntax Diagram Conventions in Appendix A to mention mixed-case words in syntax diagrams. Changed Vss prefixed RSS table column names to use Tvs instead. Updated output example for SHOWCYLALLOC. Added information about Teradata Viewpoint support for Teradata VS. Additional Information URL Description Use the Teradata Information Products Publishing Library site to: View or download a manual: 1 Under Online Publications, select General Search. 2 Enter your search criteria and click Search. Download a documentation CD-ROM: 1 Under Online Publications, select General Search. 2 In the Title or Keyword field, enter CD-ROM, and click Search. Order printed manuals: Under Print & CD Publications, select How to Order The Teradata home page provides links to numerous sources of information about Teradata. Links include: Executive reports, case studies of customer experiences with Teradata, and thought leadership Technical information, solutions, and expert advice Press releases, mentions and media resources Teradata Customer Education designs, develops and delivers education that builds skills and capabilities for our customers, enabling them to maximize their Teradata investment. Use Your Service to access Orange Books, technical alerts, and knowledge repositories, view and join forums, and download software patches. 4 Teradata Virtual Storage

5 Preface Teradata Database Optional Features URL developer.teradata.com/ Description Teradata Developer Exchange provides articles on using Teradata products, technical discussion forums, and code downloads. To maintain the quality of our products and services, we would like your comments on the accuracy, clarity, organization, and value of this document. Please Teradata Database Optional Features This book may include descriptions of the following optional Teradata Database features and products: Teradata Row Level Security Temporal Table Support Teradata Columnar Teradata Virtual Storage (VS) You may not use these features without the appropriate licenses. The fact that these features may be included in product media or downloads, or described in documentation that you receive, does not authorize you to use them without the appropriate licenses. Contact your Teradata sales representative to purchase and enable optional features. Teradata Virtual Storage 5

6 Preface Teradata Database Optional Features 6 Teradata Virtual Storage

7 Table of Contents Preface Purpose Audience Supported Software Releases and Operating Systems Prerequisites Changes to This Book Additional Information Teradata Database Optional Features Chapter 1: Overview Benefits Considerations Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS Tuning Teradata VS AutoCylPackColdData Storage Group Troubleshooting Teradata VS SHOWCYLALLOC SHOWWHERE Chapter 3: Specifying Data Temperatures TVSTemperature Query Bands Ferret Commands BEGIN OPTIMIZE CANCEL OPTIMIZE FORCE Teradata Virtual Storage 7

8 Table of Contents Chapter 4: Resource Usage Table Columns for Teradata VS About the Mode Column ResUsageSpdsk Table Migration Columns ResUsageSvdsk Table Migration Columns ResUsageSvpr Table Node Agent Columns Appendix A: How to Read Syntax Diagrams Syntax Diagram Conventions Appendix B: Starting the Utilities Starting Utilities from Database Window Starting Utilities from the Linux Command Line Starting Utilities from HUTCNS Glossary Index Teradata Virtual Storage

9 CHAPTER 1 Overview Teradata Virtual Storage (VS): Allocates storage Keeps track of where data is stored on the physical media Maintains statistics on the data temperature (frequency of access) and on the grade (performance metric of storage locations) Automatically migrates more frequently accessed data to faster physical storage and less frequently accessed data to slower physical storage Benefits Storage Optimization, Data Migration, and Data Evacuation Mixing storage technologies (device types, speeds, capacities) in a parallel architecture typically requires significant user interaction to ensure that the most frequently accessed data is stored on the fastest storage. Teradata VS automates this process, transparently moving this important data to storage media that offers the fastest I/O performance. Teradata VS maintains statistics on the data temperature and on the grade. This allows Teradata VS to intelligently migrate more frequently accessed data to faster physical storage. As data access patterns change, Teradata VS can move storage cylinders to faster or slower physical storage within each clique to improve system performance over time. Teradata VS can migrate all data from one physical storage device to another to prepare for removal or replacement of the physical device. This process is called evacuation. Complete data evacuation requires a system restart, but Teradata VS supports a soft evacuation feature that allows much of the data to be migrated while the system remains online. This can minimize system down time when evacuations are necessary. Lower Barriers to System Growth Device management features of Teradata VS provide the ability to pool storage within each clique. Each storage device (pdisk) can be shared, if necessary, by all AMPs in a clique. If the number of storage devices is not a multiple of the number of AMPs in the clique, the extra storage is shared. Consequently, storage can be added to the system in smaller increments, as needs and opportunities arise. Teradata Virtual Storage 9

10 Chapter 1: Overview Considerations Mixed Storage Support Considerations Teradata VS supports the use of different disk types, capacities, and speeds used within cliques. As new types of physical storage (such as new disk sizes and types) become available and are certified for use with Teradata Database, they can be added to any clique. Default Behavior If you do not purchase Teradata VS, temperature-based data migration provided by Teradata VS will not be active. To enable Teradata VS, speak with your Teradata sales representative. Note: Temperature-based block-level data compression (TBBLC) can be enabled regardless of purchase of TVS. For more information on TBBLC, see Database Administration and Utilities. Initial Data Temperature When data is loaded into a new table, the system does not know whether that data will be hot (accessed frequently) or cold (accessed infrequently), so it is initially assigned the temperature specified by the appropriate Storage setting in DBS Control. Typically, you can allow the system to set the temperature according to this setting. Over time, Teradata VS monitors data access patterns, assigns table data a temperature based on those access patterns, and moves data between faster and slower storage to place the hotter data on faster physical storage. For tables with very specific data access requirements, you can use the TVSTemperature query band (at load time) or the Ferret FORCE command (soon after a table is created) to expedite the time required to place the data into the proper storage grade. Note: Only use the TVSTemperature query band or the Ferret FORCE command when you know that the standard background migration will not support data access of a new table. Teradata VS monitors frequency of data access and adjusts data temperatures dynamically as it monitors frequency of data access. Consequently, temperatures can change from those specified using the TVSTemperature query band or the FORCE command, if the measured frequency of actual data access differs from the temperature that is initially set. 10 Teradata Virtual Storage

11 CHAPTER 2 Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS This chapter provides information on using DBS Control and Ferret utilities to tune and troubleshoot Teradata VS. See Utilities for more information on working with the DBS Control and Ferret utilities. The Virtual Storage collector and TVS Monitor portlet of Teradata Viewpoint allow you to collect and view statistics on data temperature and storage grade of cylinders allocated in Teradata VS. Statistics reflect current relationships between data temperature and storage grade, and historical trends in the management of storage grades based on data temperature. Temperature and grade metrics can help assess storage requirements for data, as well as aid in fine tuning the balance between disk performance and data-access demands. For more information about the TVS Monitor portlet, see Teradata Viewpoint User Guide. Teradata Virtual Allocation Manager (TVAM) is a tool for managing storage optimization and data migration aspects of Teradata VS. It should be used only under the direction of Teradata Support Center personnel. Tvam documentation includes a man page and online help. Tuning Teradata VS Some aspects of Teradata VS are controlled by these settings in the DBS Control utility: AutoCylPackColdData Storage Group All Other Temperature DEPOT Temperature GLOBAL TEMP Fallback Temperature GLOBAL TEMP Fallback CLOB Temperature GLOBAL TEMP Primary Temperature GLOBAL TEMP Primary CLOB Temperature PERMANENT JOURNAL Temperature PERM Fallback Temperature PERM Fallback CLOB Temperature PERM Primary Temperature PERM Primary CLOB Temperature SPOOL Temperature WAL Temperature Teradata Virtual Storage 11

12 Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS AutoCylPackColdData AutoCylPackColdData Purpose Determines whether AutoCylPack (automatic background cylinder packing) operations are performed on cylinders that store cold (infrequently accessed) data, in addition to cylinders storing more frequently accessed data. Note: This field is effective only when temperature-based block-level compression is enabled or on systems that have licensed Teradata Virtual Storage. Field Group File System Valid Settings Setting TRUE FALSE Description AutoCylPack processes cylinders holding cold data. AutoCylPack ignores cylinders holding cold data. Default FALSE Changes Take Effect After the DBS Control Record has been written. Related Topics For more information on DBS Control settings related to AutoCylPack and temperature-based block-level compression See Utilities: Volume 1 (A-K), Free Space Percent FreeSpacePercent and SHOWFSP in Utilities: Volume 1 (A-K). Database Administration 12 Teradata Virtual Storage

13 Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS Storage Group Storage Group Purpose Each setting in the Storage group specifies the initial temperature that will be assigned to data loaded or inserted into empty subtables of a particular type. The temperature represents the expected frequency of access to that data, and can determine whether the data is compressed, and where the data is stored. Note: Because the frequency of access is continually monitored by Teradata Database, the temperature can change over time from the initial temperature setting. The individual Storage setting names and defaults are listed below. These settings are relevant and visible only when temperature-based block level compression is enabled, or on systems that have licensed Teradata Virtual Storage (VS). Storage Setting Name DEPOT Temperature GLOBAL TEMP Fallback Temperature GLOBAL TEMP Fallback CLOB Temperature GLOBAL TEMP Primary Temperature GLOBAL TEMP Primary CLOB Temperature PERMANENT JOURNAL Temperature PERM Fallback Temperature PERM Fallback CLOB Temperature PERM Primary Temperature PERM Primary CLOB Temperature SPOOL Temperature WAL Temperature All Other Temperature Controls initial data temperature set for data loaded into empty subtables that are not specifically controlled by other Storage group settings. Default Temperature HOT WARM WARM WARM WARM HOT WARM WARM WARM WARM HOT HOT WARM Teradata Virtual Storage 13

14 Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS Troubleshooting Teradata VS Valid Settings Setting HOT WARM COLD DEFAULT Description Data is expected to be accessed frequently. Data is expected to be accessed moderately frequently. Data is expected to be accessed infrequently. Uses the default temperature for this type of data. Resets the setting to the factory default value for the specified table or data type. Changes Take Effect After the DBS Control record has been written. Usage Notes The Storage settings are honored when data is loaded into empty tables by any of the following techniques: INSERT/INSERT... SELECT statement CREATE TABLE AS... WITH DATA statement CREATE JI statement Load utilities TPump, FastLoad, MultiLoad, Teradata Parallel Transporter Teradata Archive/Recovery (ARC) utility Table Rebuild utility Note: The TVSTemperature query bands and the Ferret FORCE command override these storage settings. Because data temperature is assigned at the cylinder level, after initial assignment, data in different partitions of a partitioned table can have different temperatures. For systems licensed to use Teradata VS, data can be automatically moved (migrated) to faster or slower grades of storage as data temperatures change due to changing data access patterns. Troubleshooting Teradata VS You can use the following Ferret commands to troubleshoot Teradata VS. Command Valid SCOPE Options Function SHOWCYLALLOC Vprocs Shows a summary of the number of allocated and free cylinders on the system categorized by the performance grade of their storage. 14 Teradata Virtual Storage

15 Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS Troubleshooting Teradata VS Command Valid SCOPE Options Function SHOWWHERE Vprocs, tables, or WAL log Displays information about cylinder allocation, grade, and temperature Teradata Virtual Storage 15

16 Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS SHOWCYLALLOC SHOWCYLALLOC Purpose Shows a summary of the number of allocated and free cylinders on the system, categorized by the performance grade of the storage media where they are stored. Syntax SHOWCYLALLOC SHOWC 1102A244 Example SYSTEM WIDE CYLINDER ALLOCATION SUMMARY STORAGE TOTAL ALLOCATED FREE FREE GBs SMALL LARGE* SMALL LARGE* SMALL LARGE* FAST RESERVED FAST MEDIUM SLOW * Reported in units of Large Cylinders (A Large Cylinder is 6 times the size of a small cylinder) Related Topics BEGIN OPTIMIZE on page 24 CANCEL OPTIMIZE on page 25 FORCE on page Teradata Virtual Storage

17 Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS SHOWWHERE SHOWWHERE Purpose The SHOWWHERE command displays information about cylinder allocation, grade, and temperature. This command is available only if temperature-based block-level compression (TBBLC) or Teradata Virtual Storage (VS) is enabled. Syntax SHOWWHERE SHOWW /S /M /L 1102A197 where: Syntax Element Description /S Displays a summary listing of the cylinders showing one line for every unique combination of cylinder type and grade (PERM FAST, PERM MEDIUM, PERM SLOW, WAL FAST, WAL MEDIUM, and so forth). This is the default. /M Displays a medium length listing of the cylinders with one line for every unique combination of cylinder type and grade per AMP (vproc). /L Displays a long listing of the cylinders with one line for every unique combination of cylinder type and grade per AMP (vproc) per storage device. Usage Notes Display output is limited to cylinders in the current SCOPE (one or more vprocs, tables, or the WAL log). If no scope has been specified, SHOWWHERE shows information for all cylinders. For more information, see SCOPE in the Ferret chapter of Utilities: Volume 1 (A-K). If temperature information is not available for the current scope, SHOWWHERE returns an error. In order to display storage grade (I/0 speed) information, the storage devices must have already been profiled. For more information, contact the Teradata Support Center. Teradata Virtual Storage 17

18 Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS SHOWWHERE Example Ferret ==> showwhere SHOWWHERE result for Each AMP Vproc # of Type Temperature Num Cyls Grade % %HOT %WARM %COLD * PERM FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* PERM MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PERM SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 4 WAL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 6 DEPOT FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 28 WAL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2* SPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 4* SPOOL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2* GLOBAL TEMP FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* GLOBAL TEMP MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* GLOBAL TEMP SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2* JRNL FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* JRNL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* JRNL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2* PSPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% TOTAL 302 FAST 100% 28% 0% 72% 0 MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% * Reported in units of Large Cylinders (A Large Cylinder is 6 times the size of a small cylinder) Ferret ==> showwhere /m SHOWWHERE result for Each AMP Vproc # of Type Temperature Num Cyls Grade % %HOT %WARM %COLD * PERM FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* PERM MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PERM SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2 WAL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 3 DEPOT FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 14 WAL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* SPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2* SPOOL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* GLOBAL TEMP FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* GLOBAL TEMP MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* GLOBAL TEMP SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* JRNL FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* JRNL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* JRNL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 18 Teradata Virtual Storage

19 Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS SHOWWHERE 1* PSPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% * PERM FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* PERM MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PERM SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2 WAL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 3 DEPOT FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 14 WAL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* SPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2* SPOOL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* GLOBAL TEMP FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* GLOBAL TEMP MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* GLOBAL TEMP SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* JRNL FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* JRNL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* JRNL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* PSPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% TOTAL 302 FAST 100% 28% 0% 72% 0 MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% * Reported in units of Large Cylinders (A Large Cylinder is 6 times the size of a small cylinder) Ferret ==> showwhere /l You have indicated that you want to do a long display for the SHOWWHERE command. Please be aware that the output can be extremely large. y Do you wish to continue?? (Y/N) SHOWWHERE result for Each AMP Vproc # of Type Temperature Num Disk Cyls Grade % %HOT %WARM %COLD * PERM FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* PERM MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PERM SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2 WAL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 3 DEPOT FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 14 WAL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* SPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2* SPOOL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* GLOBAL TEMP FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* GLOBAL TEMP MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* GLOBAL TEMP SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* JRNL FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* JRNL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% Teradata Virtual Storage 19

20 Chapter 2: Tuning and Troubleshooting Teradata VS SHOWWHERE 0* JRNL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* PSPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% SUB-TOTAL 157 FAST 100% 27% 0% 73% 0 MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% * PERM FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* PERM MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PERM SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2 WAL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 3 DEPOT FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 DEPOT SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 14 WAL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 WAL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* SPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 2* SPOOL POOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* SPOOL POOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* GLOBAL TEMP FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* GLOBAL TEMP MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* GLOBAL TEMP SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* JRNL FAST 100% 0% 0% 100% 0* JRNL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* JRNL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% 1* PSPOOL FAST 100% 100% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0* PSPOOL SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% SUB-TOTAL 145 FAST 100% 30% 0% 70% 0 MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% TOTAL 302 FAST 100% 28% 0% 72% 0 MEDIUM 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 SLOW 0% 0% 0% 0% * Reported in units of Large Cylinders (A Large Cylinder is 6 times the size of a small cylinder) 20 Teradata Virtual Storage

21 CHAPTER 3 Specifying Data Temperatures Normally, Teradata VS monitors the frequency of data access at the cylinder level, and periodically migrates cylinders that store more frequently accessed (hotter) data to faster storage media, and less frequently accessed (colder) data to slower storage media. The monitoring process requires some time to gauge the frequency of access, before data can be migrated to appropriate media. The temperature that is assigned to new data, before it has been migrated for the first time, is normally determined by defaults set in DBS Control. This chapter discusses techniques for explicitly specifying data temperatures, which can precede or override the normal monitoring and migration process. For more information on the benefits and considerations of specifying and changing data temperatures, see Chapter 1 Overview. TVSTemperature Query Bands TVSTemperature query bands can be used to specify an initial temperature setting for subsets of table data. This allows the data to be stored on access-appropriate media sooner than the normal Teradata VS monitoring and migration process would otherwise provide. Use the TVSTemperature query bands when the frequency of access for different kinds of data is known or can be anticipated. The following TVSTemperature query bands can be used in any combination. Query Band TVSTEMPERATURE TVSTEMPERATURE_PRIMARY TVSTEMPERATURE_PRIMARYCLOB TVSTEMPERATURE_FALLBACK TVSTEMPERATURE_FALLBACKCLOB Sets Initial Temperature For Data for which a temperature is not specified by other TVSTemperature query bands. If this query band is not used, the initial temperature set for this data follows the defaults specified by the Storage settings in DBS Control. Primary data for tables and secondary indexes Primary data for CLOBs Fallback data for tables and secondary indexes Fallback data for CLOBs Each of the query bands can be set to either COLD, WARM, or HOT. Teradata Virtual Storage 21

22 Chapter 3: Specifying Data Temperatures TVSTemperature Query Bands Query Band Value COLD WARM HOT Set For Data Expected to be Accessed Infrequently. Data is stored initially on relatively slow media. Moderately frequently. Data is stored on media of moderate speed. Very frequently. Data is stored initially on the fastest media. Note: Although the data is initially stored on media that corresponds to the temperature set by the query bands, if subsequent monitoring by Teradata Database indicates the data is accessed more or less frequently than the set temperature, the data can be migrated to other media. These query bands are used with load utilities such as FastLoad, MultiLoad, Teradata Parallel Data Pump. The following SQL statements, used to populate tables, support the temperatures that have been set using the TVSTemperature query bands: INSERT into an empty table INSERT... SELECT into an empty table MERGE inserts into an empty table CREATE TABLE... AS... WITH DATA CREATE HASH INDEX CREATE JOIN INDEX Example 1 Example 2 A customer is loading five years of historical data (not previously stored in the Teradata Database) and intends to perform some background analytics. Given the age of the data and the relatively light usage being planned, this data should reside on slow storage intended for infrequently accessed data. Without TVSTemperature, the newly loaded data would be stored on cylinders having the default temperature, specified in DBS Control, and subsequently migrated over time to cold storage, as the system determines that the data is infrequently accessed. Loading it directly to cold storage makes sense in this instance since the likely frequency of data access is clearly known. The following SQL statement causes the temperature for all fallback data loaded into an empty table during the current session to be classified as COLD, and stored on storage media (or portions of storage devices) that are graded as slow in relation to the other storage media. SET QUERY_BAND = 'TVSTEMPERATURE_FALLBACK = COLD;' FOR SESSION; Example 3 The following SQL statement causes the temperature for all primary data loaded into an empty table during the current session to be classified as HOT, and stored on relatively fast storage media. All other types of data loaded during this session will be classified as COLD. 22 Teradata Virtual Storage

23 Chapter 3: Specifying Data Temperatures Ferret Commands Related Topics SET QUERY_BAND = 'TVSTEMPERATURE_PRIMARY = HOT; TVSTEMPERATURE = COLD;' FOR SESSION; For more information on... See... Data temperatures Query bands Storage settings in DBS Control CREATE TABLE, CREATE JOIN INDEX, CREATE HASH INDEX statements INSERT, INSERT... SELECT, MERGE statements Database Design SQL Data Definition Language Detailed Topics Utilities SQL Data Definition Language SQL Data Manipulation Language Ferret Commands You can use the following Ferret utility commands to start an immediate Teradata VS migration, or explicitly set the data temperature of table rows or partitions at any time. Command Valid SCOPE Options Function BEGIN OPTIMIZE None Initiates immediate, high-priority migrations necessary to move cylinders modified by the FORCE command to appropriate classes of storage. Normal migration is a background, lower priority process. CANCEL OPTIMIZE None Halts the immediate migration that was started by the BEGIN OPTIMIZE command, and returns migrations to a lower priority background process. FORCE Vprocs Sets the classification of cylinders occupied by a table to a specified data temperature value, regardless of table data access history. Teradata Virtual Storage 23

24 Chapter 3: Specifying Data Temperatures BEGIN OPTIMIZE BEGIN OPTIMIZE Purpose Initiates immediate, high-priority migrations necessary to move cylinders modified by the FORCE command to appropriate classes of storage. Normal migration is a background process with a lower priority. Note: Performance can be negatively impacted if you use the OPTIMIZE command during peak hours. Syntax BEGIN OPTIMIZE BEG OPT 1102A247 Usage Notes Migrations resulting from BEGIN OPTIMIZE occur at the maximum possible speed, without regard to potential impacts to existing workloads. Because cylinders marked HOT or COLD using the FORCE command are at the maximum temperature extremes, these cylinders are likely to be the first selected for migration, depending on available space. If space on storage media of appropriate performance grade is not available, some cylinders are moved out of FAST and SLOW storage locations to make room for the HOT and COLD table data, respectively. Example Related Topics Ferret ==> > begin optimize BEGIN OPTIMIZE command could consume significant system resources Do you wish to continue?? (Y/N) > Y Optimization has been started on all vprocs If you wish to revert this optimization to a low level background mode, you can issue a CANCEL OPTIMIZE command CANCEL OPTIMIZE on page 25 FORCE on page 26 SHOWCYLALLOC on page Teradata Virtual Storage

25 Chapter 3: Specifying Data Temperatures CANCEL OPTIMIZE CANCEL OPTIMIZE Purpose Halts the high-priority optimization data migration that was begun by the BEGIN OPTIMIZE command. Migration for the process of data storage optimization reverts to the normal lowerpriority background process. The normal background migration process imposes a minimal workload on system resources. Syntax CANCEL OPTIMIZE CANCEL OPT 1102A246 Example Ferret ==> > cancel optimize Optimization has been stopped on all vprocs Related Topics BEGIN OPTIMIZE on page 24 FORCE on page 26 SHOWCYLALLOC on page 16 Teradata Virtual Storage 25

26 Chapter 3: Specifying Data Temperatures FORCE FORCE Purpose Sets the cylinders occupied by a table or range of rows, to a specified data temperature, regardless of how frequently the data has been historically accessed. Syntax FORCE tid TEMPERATURE = HOT rowspec WARM TO rowspec COLD 1102A245 Syntax Element tid Descriptions Identifies the subtable for which cylinder temperatures are set. A tid consists of a unique identifier for the table plus an identifier for one subtable component of the table, such as the primary data subtable. The table can be uniquely identified in either of two ways: 1 Specify the name of the database to which the table belongs and the table name, separated by a period. The names individually or together must be delimited. The following formats are valid: "database_name.table_name" "database_name"."table_name" 'database_name.table_name' 'database_name'.'table_name' 2 Specify the unique numeric identifier of the table, which consists of two numeric values separated by a space. The unique table identifier is the first two numeric values returned by the TABLEID command. These two numbers are common to all subtables that comprise the table. Note: The format of the input numbers depends on the current radix setting, which is displayed by the RADIX command. The second part of the tid identifies the subtable, and is called a type_and_index. This value can be represented in a number of ways, which are explained in the Ferret chapter of Utilities and Filer chapter of Support Utilities. The primary data subtable has a numeric type_and_index value of decimal 1024 or hex 400. Specifying a 0 causes the FORCE command to be applied to all subtables of the table. 26 Teradata Virtual Storage

27 Chapter 3: Specifying Data Temperatures FORCE Syntax Element Descriptions rowspec [TO rowspec] For a nonpartitioned NoPI table, the row or range of rows for which a data temperature is to be set. For a partitioned table, the combined partition number that identifies the partition for which a data temperature is to be set (or the combined partition numbers that identify a range of logically contiguous partitions). The combined partition number is a calculated value that takes into account any column partitions and the different levels of partitioning in multilevel partitioned tables. It uniquely identifies every partition in the table. For tables with only a single-level partition without column partitioning, the combined partition number for any row is the value of the system-derived PARTITON column of the row. For more information on calculating combined partition numbers for other types of tables, see Database Design. HOT WARM COLD The data temperature that will be set for the cylinders that store row data for the specified table or rows, regardless of the historical frequency of access for that data. HOT cylinders are the most frequently accessed. During data migration their data is stored on the fastest storage media. WARM cylinders are accessed with moderate frequency. Their data is stored on moderately fast storage media. COLD cylinders store the least frequently accessed data. Their data is stored on the slowest storage media. Usage Notes For new tables, Teradata Database does not yet have metrics on data access to use in assigning a temperature to the table data, so relies on the defaults set in the Storage group of DBS Control settings. The FORCE command can be used to force a non-default temperature on new tables to allow Teradata VS to place the data that currently exists in the table on storage appropriate to the expected table data temperature, without waiting for the system to collect data access statistics. In addition to setting the temperature for whole tables, FORCE can be used to set the temperature for a row, range of rows, or specific partitions. For example: When data in older rows of a nonpartitioned NoPI table is less frequently accessed than data in newer rows, you can use FORCE to set the older rows to COLD. When one or more partitions of a partitioned table are expected to be more frequently accessed than other partitions, you can use FORCE to set the frequently accessed partitions to HOT. When temperature based block-level compression is enabled, using FORCE to set infrequently accessed tables or partitions to COLD will cause them to be compressed sooner than they otherwise would be. Teradata Virtual Storage 27

28 Chapter 3: Specifying Data Temperatures FORCE Related Topics Data temperature can change over time from the temperature specified with the FORCE command if the measured frequency of actual data access differs from the temperature set using the FORCE command. The temperature of boundary cylinders that store rows from more than a single table are not affected by the FORCE command if COLD is specified. The FORCE command ignores any table scope that might have been previously specified, and operates only on the table that is explicitly specified in the FORCE command. For more information on nonpartitioned NoPI tables PARTITION columns rowspecs table identifiers See SQL Data Definition Language. Database Design. the Filer chapter of Support Utilities. the Ferret chapter in Utilities. Example 1 The following example changes the temperature of a table. Ferret ==> > force 0 6CE 400 temperature = hot FORCE command changed the temperature of table test.table1 to HOT. The temperature of 117 cylinders have been changed to HOT. Example 2 The following example sets the temperature for a subset of rows a partitioned table. In this case, the rows are those in the combined partition identified by an external partition number of 9. Ferret ==> > force "test.ppi_t02" temperature = hot FORCE command changed the temperature of table test.ppi_t02 to HOT for the specified partition. The temperature of 5 cylinders have been changed to HOT. 28 Teradata Virtual Storage

29 CHAPTER 4 Resource Usage Table Columns for Teradata VS This chapter provides information on resource usage table columns used with Teradata VS. For more information on resource usage, see Resource Usage Macros and Tables. About the Mode Column The Mode column describes the kind of data reported by the resource usage column. IF the Mode column is... THEN these resource usage columns... count max min track tally the number of times an event occurred, such as the number of disk reads or writes during the logging period. report the maximum value recorded during the logging period. Most of the max columns have a max suffix in the column name (for example, IoRespMax). report the minimum value recorded during the logging period. The min columns have a min suffix in the column name (for example, AvailableMin). show the value of a countable item achieved at the end of the current logging period. An example of a countable item is a queue length. ResUsageSpdsk Table Migration Columns Migration columns, a subcategory of the ResUsageSpdsk table statistics, identify the number of cylinders that migrated to a different location on a device as well as the time, in centiseconds, of all migration I/Os used, incurred, or saved during the log period. Note: Each allocation is for a cylinder size worth of data, also known internally in the allocator as an extent. Thus the column names begin with Ext for extent. Note: Associated configuration settings appear in the Control GDO Editor (ctl) utility if you have purchased Teradata VS. For more information, see Teradata Virtual Storage. Teradata Virtual Storage 29

30 Chapter 4: Resource Usage Table Columns for Teradata VS ResUsageSpdsk Table Migration Columns Column Name Mode Description Data Type ExtMigrateFaster count Number of cylinders migrated to a faster location on a device. This count is for cylinders that were allocated on this device and migrated to a different location within the same device or migrated to a completely different device. The following formula calculates a ExtMigrateSlower value, which is the number of cylinders migrated to slower locations: ExtMigrateSlower = ExMigrateTotal - ExMigrateFaster. ExtMigrateIOTimeBenefit count Estimates the total I/O time savings achieved by migrations completing in the log period. The I/O time savings include the improvement in response time caused by the new data arrangement up to the time horizon. ExtMigrateIOTimeBenefit does not include the cost of the migration I/Os and is a gross benefit, not a net benefit. ExtMigrateIOTimeCost count Estimates the total cost, in centiseconds, incurred by migration I/Os completing during the log period, where cost is the extra time waited by all non-migration I/Os as a result of the migration I/O. ExtMigrateIOTimeImprove count Estimates the percent improvement in average I/O response time due to migrations completing in the log interval. For example, if, right before a particular log interval, the average I/O response time was 10 milliseconds (ms), then the migration logs an ExtMigrateIOTimeImprove value of 10% in this interval. The average I/O response time after the log interval should be (100%- 10%)*10ms = 9ms. Migration then logs an ExtMigrateIOTimeImprove of 1% in the next interval. The average I/O response time in the new log interval is (100%-1%)*9ms = 8.91ms. ExtMigrateIOTimeImprove is only an estimate. Its permanent improvement remains in effect as long as the workload does not change and newer migrations do not significantly alter the data arrangement. When the workload changes or new migrations affect data arrangement, response time changes in an unquantifiable way. Despite this, ExtMigrateIOTimeImprove is useful because it predicts actual system performance at least for short periods of time and can be used to understand why the migration algorithm is doing what it is doing. FLOAT FLOAT FLOAT FLOAT ExtMigrateReadRespTot count Migration read I/O response time. FLOAT ExtMigrateWriteRespTot count Migration write I/O response time. FLOAT ExtMigrateTotal count Total number of cylinders migrated to a different physical location. For more information, see the ExtMigrateFaster field. FLOAT 30 Teradata Virtual Storage

31 Chapter 4: Resource Usage Table Columns for Teradata VS ResUsageSvdsk Table Migration Columns ResUsageSvdsk Table Migration Columns Migration columns, a subcategory of the ResUsageSvdsk table statistics, identify the number of cylinders that migrated to a different location on a device as well as the time, in centiseconds, of all migration I/Os used, incurred, or saved during the log period. Note: Each allocation is for a cylinder size worth of data, also known internally in the allocator as an extent. Therefore, the column names begin with Ext for extent. Note: Associated configuration settings appear in the Control GDO Editor (ctl) utility if you have purchased Teradata VS. For more information, see Teradata Virtual Storage. Column Name Mode Description Data Type ExtMigrateFaster count Number of cylinders migrated to faster locations (that is, migrations whose gross benefits are positive) for the associated AMP. The following formula calculates a Slower Migration value, which is the number of cylinders migrated to slower locations: SlowerMigration = ExtMigrateTotal - ExtMigrateFaster Cylinders are migrated to slower locations to make room for hotter cylinders to replace them. ExtMigrateIOTimeCost count Estimates the total cost, in centiseconds, incurred by migration I/Os completing during the log period, where cost is the extra time waited by all non-migration I/Os as a result of the migration I/O. ExtMigrateIOTimeBenefit count Estimates the total I/O time savings achieved by migrations completing in the log period. The I/O time savings include the improvement in response time caused by the new data arrangement up to the time horizon. This value does not include the cost of the migration I/Os and is a gross benefit, not a net benefit. FLOAT FLOAT FLOAT Teradata Virtual Storage 31

32 Chapter 4: Resource Usage Table Columns for Teradata VS ResUsageSvpr Table Node Agent Columns Column Name Mode Description Data Type ExtMigrateIOTimeImprove count Estimates the percent improvement in average I/O response time due to migrations completing in the log interval. For example, if, right before a particular log interval, the average I/O response time was 10 milliseconds (ms), then the migration logs an ExtMigrateIOTimeImprove value of 10% in this interval. The average I/O response time after the log interval should be (100%-10%)*10ms = 9ms. Migration then logs an ExtMigrateIOTimeImprove of 1% in the next interval. The average I/O response time in the new log interval is (100%-1%)*9ms = 8.91ms. ExtMigrateIOTimeImprove is only an estimate. Its permanent improvement remains in effect as long as the workload does not change and newer migrations do not significantly alter the data arrangement. When the workload changes or new migrations affect data arrangement, response time changes in a nonquantifiable way. You can use this field to predict the actual system performance for short periods of time and to understand why the migration algorithm is doing what it is doing. FLOAT ExtMigrateReadRespTot count Migration read I/O response time. FLOAT ExtMigrateWriteRespTot count Migration write I/O response time. FLOAT ExtMigrateTotal count Total number of cylinders migrated to a different physical location. For more information, see the ExtMigrateFaster column. FLOAT ResUsageSvpr Table Node Agent Columns These columns identify the migration processing statistics reported by the Node Agent. Note: Associated configuration settings appear in the Control GDO Editor (ctl) utility if you have purchased Teradata VS. For more information, see Teradata Virtual Storage. Column Name Mode Description Data Type NodeAgentMigrationsDone count Number of migration requests completed by the Node Agent. FLOAT NodeAgentMigrationsStarted count Number of migration requests started by the Node Agent. FLOAT 32 Teradata Virtual Storage

33 APPENDIX A How to Read Syntax Diagrams This appendix describes the conventions that apply to reading the syntax diagrams used in this book. Syntax Diagram Conventions Notation Conventions Item Definition / Comments Letter An uppercase or lowercase alphabetic character ranging from A through Z. Number A digit ranging from 0 through 9. Do not use commas when typing a number with more than 3 digits. Word Spaces Punctuation Keywords and variables. UPPERCASE LETTERS represent a keyword. Syntax diagrams show all keywords in uppercase, unless operating system restrictions require them to be in lowercase. lowercase letters represent a keyword that you must type in lowercase, such as a Linux command. Mixed Case letters represent exceptions to uppercase and lowercase rules. The exceptions are noted in the syntax explanation. lowercase italic letters represent a variable such as a column or table name. Substitute the variable with a proper value. lowercase bold letters represent an excerpt from the diagram. The excerpt is defined immediately following the diagram that contains it. UNDERLINED LETTERS represent the default value. This applies to both uppercase and lowercase words. Use one space between items such as keywords or variables. Type all punctuation exactly as it appears in the diagram. Paths The main path along the syntax diagram begins at the left with a keyword, and proceeds, left to right, to the vertical bar, which marks the end of the diagram. Paths that do not have an arrow or a vertical bar only show portions of the syntax. The only part of a path that reads from right to left is a loop. Teradata Virtual Storage 33

34 Appendix A: How to Read Syntax Diagrams Syntax Diagram Conventions Continuation Links Paths that are too long for one line use continuation links. Continuation links are circled letters indicating the beginning and end of a link: A A Required Entries When you see a circled letter in a syntax diagram, go to the corresponding circled letter and continue reading. Required entries appear on the main path: FE0CA002 SHOW FE0CA003 If you can choose from more than one entry, the choices appear vertically, in a stack. The first entry appears on the main path: SHOW CONTROLS VERSIONS FE0CA005 Optional Entries You may choose to include or disregard optional entries. Optional entries appear below the main path: SHOW CONTROLS FE0CA Teradata Virtual Storage

35 Appendix A: How to Read Syntax Diagrams Syntax Diagram Conventions If you can optionally choose from more than one entry, all the choices appear below the main path: READ SHARE ACCESS JC01A010 Some commands and statements treat one of the optional choices as a default value. This value is UNDERLINED. It is presumed to be selected if you type the command or statement without specifying one of the options. Strings String literals appear in apostrophes: 'msgtext ' JC01A004 Abbreviations If a keyword or a reserved word has a valid abbreviation, the unabbreviated form always appears on the main path. The shortest valid abbreviation appears beneath. SHOW CONTROLS CONTROL FE0CA042 In the above syntax, the following formats are valid: SHOW CONTROLS SHOW CONTROL Loops A loop is an entry or a group of entries that you can repeat one or more times. Syntax diagrams show loops as a return path above the main path, over the item or items that you can repeat:, 3, 4 ( cname ) JC01B012 Teradata Virtual Storage 35

36 Appendix A: How to Read Syntax Diagrams Syntax Diagram Conventions Read loops from right to left. The following conventions apply to loops: IF... there is a maximum number of entries allowed there is a minimum number of entries required a separator character is required between entries a delimiter character is required around entries THEN... the number appears in a circle on the return path. In the example, you may type cname a maximum of 4 times. the number appears in a square on the return path. In the example, you must type at least three groups of column names. the character appears on the return path. If the diagram does not show a separator character, use one blank space. In the example, the separator character is a comma. the beginning and end characters appear outside the return path. Generally, a space is not needed between delimiter characters and entries. In the example, the delimiter characters are the left and right parentheses. Excerpts Sometimes a piece of a syntax phrase is too large to fit into the diagram. Such a phrase is indicated by a break in the path, marked by ( ) terminators on each side of the break. The name for the excerpted piece appears between the terminators in boldface type. The boldface excerpt name and the excerpted phrase appears immediately after the main diagram. The excerpted phrase starts and ends with a plain horizontal line: LOCKING excerpt A A HAVING con where_cond excerpt, cname, col_pos JC01A Teradata Virtual Storage

37 Appendix A: How to Read Syntax Diagrams Syntax Diagram Conventions Multiple Legitimate Phrases In a syntax diagram, it is possible for any number of phrases to be legitimate: DATABASE TABLE VIEW dbname tname vname JC01A016 In this example, any of the following phrases are legitimate: dbname DATABASE dbname tname TABLE tname vname VIEW vname Sample Syntax Diagram, CREATE VIEW viewname AS A CV cname LOCKING LOCK A dbname ACCESS B DATABASE FOR SHARE MODE tname IN READ TABLE WRITE vname EXCLUSIVE VIEW EXCL,, B SEL expr FROM tname qual_cond C.aname C HAVING cond ; qual_cond WHERE cond, GROUP BY cname, col_pos JC01A018 Teradata Virtual Storage 37

38 Appendix A: How to Read Syntax Diagrams Syntax Diagram Conventions Diagram Identifier The alphanumeric string that appears in the lower right corner of every diagram is an internal identifier used to catalog the diagram. The text never refers to this string. 38 Teradata Virtual Storage

39 APPENDIX B Starting the Utilities This appendix describes how to start Teradata Database utilities. Teradata Database offers several user interfaces from which the utilities may be started and run. Interface Database Window (DBW) Linux command line Host Utility Console (HUTCNS) Description DBW is a graphical tool that connects to the Teradata Database console subsystem (CNS). CNS provides console services to utility programs that operate on the database level of Teradata Database. Console utilities should be started from DBW. Note: Operators must be members of the tdtrusted user group to run console utilities, or must be logged in as root. Non-tdtrused users may be explicitly granted access to the console using the CNS GRANT command. For more information on the GRANT command, see the Database Window chapter of Utilities. For low bandwith connections, command-line interfaces to CNS are available, such as cnsterm and cnstool. Information on cnsterm and cnstool is available in man page online documentation. A subset of the console utilities can be run from the Remote Console portlet of Teradata Viewpoint. For more information, see the Teradata Viewpoint User Guide. Utilities that run directly from the command line are primarily those that operate on the PDE level of Teradata Database. HUTCNS runs a subset of utilities from a channel-attached host terminal. It runs only on the z/os operating system. Note: Not all utilities support all available user interfaces. For a listing of supported user interfaces for each utility, see the documentation for each utility. When started, some utilities present their own interactive command-line or graphical user interfaces. These utilities allow browsing and entering information, and continue running until they are explicitly stopped. Many utilities that present their own command environment are stopped by entering the QUIT command. Some utilities that run from DBW can be stopped by issuing the stop window_number command from the DBW Supervisor window, where window_number is the numeric identifier of the DBW application window in which the utility is running. For more information on DBW, see Utilities Volume 1. Teradata Virtual Storage 39

40 Appendix B: Starting the Utilities Starting Utilities from Database Window Starting Utilities from Database Window Database Window (DBW) is an X client program that requires an X server to be running on the local machine. DBW supports standard X Windows display forwarding. To ensure that the graphical user interface displays properly, you can use the standard -display option to specify the host name or IP address of the local machine. To start a utility from Database Window: 1 If not already done, set up the Teradata Database environment by typing: tdatcmd at the Linux command line. 2 Open DBW from the Linux command line by typing: xdbw display displayspec & where displayspec is the name or IP address of the local machine, followed by a colon and the server number, typically 0 or 0.0. For example: xdbw -display myworkstation.mycompany.com:0.0 & or xdbw -display :0.0 & The DBW main window opens. 3 Click the Supvr button to open the Supervisor (supv) window. 40 Teradata Virtual Storage

41 Appendix B: Starting the Utilities Starting Utilities from Database Window 4 Under Enter a command type: start utilityname [options] where utilityname is the name of the utility, and options can include any of the available command-line options and arguments of that utility. utilityname is not case-sensitive. The following message appears: Started 'utilityname' in window x where x is the number of one of the four available application windows DBW provides. Each utility started runs in one of the four application windows. The title bar of the application window and the corresponding button in the DBW main window change to reflect the name of the running utility. When the utility stops running, the application window and main window button revert to the default text title (that is, Appl1, Appl2, and so forth). Note: Up to four utilities can be run concurrently in DBW. The message All Interactive Partitions are busy!! indicates that all four application windows are occupied. In this case, one of the four running utilities must be quit before another can be started. For more information on DBW and CNS commands, and on options that are available with the START command, see Utilities Volume 1. Teradata Virtual Storage 41