SAP* Administration-Practical Guide

Transcription

1 Sebastian Schreckenbach SAP* Administration-Practical Guide., Galileo Press i Bonn

2 1.1 Tasks of a System Administrator Guiding Principles for System Administrators Definitions Summary 34 IIP^^^^ 2.1 Starting and Stopping the SAP System Starting the SAP System Stopping the SAP System Instances and Operation Modes Maintaining Profile Parameters Specific Monitoring Transactions System Log ABAP Dump Analysis Checking the Application Servers and Work Processes Lock Entries Canceled Update Requests System Messages Connections RFC Destinations SAP Gateway Monitor SAPconnect Message Server Monitor Internet Communication Framework ICM Monitor Client Administration Creating Clients Copying Clients Deleting Clients Checking the Client Copy Log System Copy 133 7

3 2.8.1 Database Copy of the Production System Client Copy with Data Client Copy without Data Summary The CCMS Alert Monitor System Monitoring with the Standard CCMS Alert Monitor Adapting the CCMS Monitor Sets Hiding Monitor Sets Defining a New Monitor Set Adding a Monitor to a Monitor Set Deleting a Monitor from a Monitor Set Changing Alert Threshold Values Auto-Reaction Methods Changing an Auto-Reaction Method Assigning an Auto-Reaction Method to a Monitor Object Summary Functional Spectrum of SAP Solution Manager Maintaining the System Landscape Creating a Server Creating a Database Creating a System Solutions Creating a Solution Activating and Deactivating Solutions Self-Diagnosis System Administration Central System Administration Central System Monitoring SAP EarlyWatch Alert Maintenance Optimizer Summary 268 8

4 5.1 Critical Tasks Check Whether the SAP System Is Running Checks to Determine Whether Your Backups Have Been Successful Daily Tasks Critical Tasks SAP System Database Operating System Other Weekly Tasks SAP System Database Operating System Other Overview of Transactions Monthly Tasks SAP System, Database, Operating System, Other Checking Consumable Items Quarterly Tasks SAP System Database Operating System Other Annual Tasks SAP System Database Operating System Other Overview of Transactions Summary G B.ickup and Restore Backup What Has to Be Saved? Backup Types 298 9

5 6.1.3 Backup Strategy Strategy Recommendations Restore Performance Performance Factors Backup Performance Restore Performance Summary Preliminary Considerations Planning for an Emergency Which Measures Apply to Disaster Recovery? When Should the Disaster Recovery Procedure Begin? Expected 318 Downtime Restore Time Communication in the Event of a Disaster Recovery Team and Role Distribution Types of Disaster Recovery Emergency Scenarios Damaged Database Hardware Failure Complete Loss or Destruction of the Server Facility Recovery Script Crash Kit Testing the Disaster Recovery Procedure Minimizing the Risk of Failure Minimizing the Risk of Human Error Minimizing Single Points of Failure Continuing Business During a System Recovery Summary Planning Database Administration Tasks Planning Database Tasks Changing and Deleting Database Tasks

6 8.1.3 Checking the DBA Planning Calendar Checking Database Actions Performing a Database Analysis Monitoring Database Performance Database Administration DB DB2 Command Line Processor Starting and Stopping the Database Executing SQL Statements Updating and Checking the Database Manager Configuration Updating and Checking the Database Configuration ManagingTablespaces and Associated Containers Backing Up the Database Restoring the Database Database Administration Oracle SQL*Plus Starting and Stopping the Database Executing SQL Statements and SQL Scripts Managing the Database BR*Tools Checking and Changing the Status of the Database Instance Checking and Updating the Database Configuration Managing Tablespaces and Associated Data Files Backing Up the Database Restoring the Database Checking the Database Database Administration Microsoft SQL Server SQL Management Studio Starting and Stopping the Database Files and Logs Initiating a Backup Process Setting Up Maintenance Plans for a Backup Backing Up System Databases SQL Server Logs Database Administration MaxDB Database Studio Starting and Stopping the Database Database Monitoring

7 8.8.4 Backing Up the Database Summary Checking the Memory Usage of the File System Monitoring the File System Using the CCMS Alert Monitor Changing Alert Thresholds Releasing Memory at the Operating System Level Retrieving Operating System Information Summary What Is Security? Protecting Data Against Damage Adhering to Legal or Quasi-Legal or Loss 466 Provisions Security Levels Access Security Operational Security Data Security Safeguarding the SAP System Preventing Multiple User Logons Passwords Limiting Access for SAP* or DDIC Users Locking Critical Transactions Preventing Changes in the Production System Operational Security Audits Auditing Aspects Auditing Tasks for SAP Administrators Auditing Tools Audit Information System Security Audit Log Summary

8 11.1 Short-Term Remedy of Performance Problems Detailed Analysis of Performance Problems System Load Analysis Buffer Analysis Memory Defragmentation Analysis at Other Levels Analysis at the Database Level Analysis at the Operating System Level Analysis at the Hardware Level Summary SAP GUI Installation Requirements Minimum Requirements for the User's PC Network Functions Installation Scenarios Installing SAP GUI from an Installation Medium Installing SAP GUI from an Installation Server Adding Systems to SAP Logon Summary User Administration General Setting Up New Users Copying Existing Users Creating a New User Maintaining Users Mass Changes Resetting the Password Locking or Unlocking a User Central User Administration Setting Up a Central User Administration Creating and Maintaining Users Via a Central User Administration

9 Troubleshooting Deactivating or Deleting a Central User Administration User Groups Deleting User Sessions Displaying Active Users Deleting User Session System Administration Special User IDs Special Authorizations User Passwords Summary Authorization Check Process Authorization Roles Creating and Maintaining Single Roles Creating and Maintaining Composite Roles Authorization Profiles Utilities for Authorization Management Default Values and Check Indicators Authorization Trace Infosystem Authorizations Summary Creating Background Jobs General Creating and Scheduling Background Jobs Monitoring Background Jobs Graphical Job Scheduling Monitor Performance Factors for Background Jobs Summary Setting Up the Spool Servers

10 16.2 Setting up Printers Configuring Network Printers Setting up Frontend Printers Transporting Output Devices Outputting Data Output Control Deleting Old Spool Requests Checking the Spool Consistency Checking the TemSe Consistency Summary 699 * r a ft AAnnn rrs\mant 17 Change? and transport Management General Notes on Change Management 702 Transporting Objects Creating a Transport Request Recording Changes in a Transport Request Releasing a Transport Request Importing Transport Requests Checking the Transport Log 719 Direct Table Maintenance 721 Summary 725 ^^^^^^^^^^ffl Downloading SAP Support Packages Determining the System's Current Support Package Level Finding Support Packages Downloading Support Packages 748 Important Notes on Preparing and Executing System Maintenance 751 Performing a Kernel Update Kernel Backup Unpacking a New Kernel Stopping the SAP System Replacing Kernel Files Starting the SAP System and Checking the Logs

11 18.4 Applying the SPAM/SAINT Update Importing ABAP Support Packages Making the Support Packages Available Importing the Support Packages Performing a Modification Adjustment Regenerating Objects Performing Regression Tests InstallingAdd-Ons Summary Basic Procedure Troubleshooting with the SAP Support Portal Searching for SAP Notes with the SAP Support Portal Customer Messages Creating a Remote Service Connection Implementing SAP Notes Checking the System Patch Level Implementing SAP Notes with the Note Assistant Summary 836 Mm^^w^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^ A Useful Transactions 839 B Security-Relevant Transactions 845 C Useful Tables 851 D Forms 855 E Bibliography 861 F The Author 863 Index