Oracle 10g: XML Fundamentals

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1 Oracle 10g: XML Fundamentals Volume 1 - Student Guide D17320GC10 Edition 1.0 August 2004 D39787

2 Author Glenn Stokol Technical Contributors and Reviewers Gert Van Barneveld Mark Bauer Brian Boxx Scott Brewton Niall Commiskey Ken Cooper Olivier Le Diouris Mark Drake Shelley Higgins Craig Hollister Taj-ul Islam Peter Laseau Yi. L. Lu Jack Melnick Steve Muench Valli Pataballa Sunitha Patel Marcus Pecher Aniket Raut Mark Scardina John Soltani Priya Vennapusa Ulrich Vogel Jinyu Wang Ted Witiuk Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. This documentation contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation. It is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is also protected by copyright law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency of the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the following legend is applicable: Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and shall be deemed to be Restricted Rights software under Federal law, as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS , Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software (October 1988). This material or any portion of it may not be copied in any form or by any means without the express prior written permission of Oracle Corporation. Any other copying is a violation of copyright law and may result in civil and/or criminal penalties. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency not within the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights, as defined in FAR , Rights in Data-General, including Alternate III (June 1987). The information in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them in writing to Education Products, Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error-free. All references to Oracle and Oracle products are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. All other products or company names are used for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks of their respective owners. Publisher Michael Sebastian

3 Contents Preface I Introduction Objectives I-2 Course Objectives I -3 Course Agenda I-4 Extensible Markup Language I-7 Advantages of Using XML I-8 XML Standards I-9 Document Object Model I-10 Simple API for XML I-11 Oracle XML Support I-12 XML in Oracle JDeveloper 10g I-13 Building XML Applications with Oracle Technology I-14 Course Environment and Data I-15 Creating a Workspace and Project in JDeveloper I-16 Creating an XML Document in JDeveloper I-17 Adding an XML Document to a Project I-18 Viewing an XML Document in a Browser I-19 Summary I-20 Practice I: Overview I-21 1 Introducing the XML Document Objectives 1-2 Extensible Markup Language 1-3 Example: A Simple XML Page 1-4 XML Document Structure 1-5 The XML Declaration 1-6 Components of an XML Document 1-7 XML Elements 1-8 Markup Rules for Elements 1-9 XML Attributes 1-10 Using Elements Versus Attributes 1-11 XML Entities 1-12 XML Comments 1-13 A Well-Formed XML Document 1-14 Class Activity 1-15 Comparing XML and HTML 1-16 XML Development 1-17 Editing XML in Oracle JDeveloper 10g 1-18 Summary 1-19 Practice 1: Overview 1-20 iii

4 2 Validating XML with Document Type Definitions (DTDs) Objectives 2-2 What Is a Document Type Definition? 2-3 Why Validate an XML Document? 2-4 General DTD Rules 2-5 The Contents of a DTD 2-6 Example of a Simple DTD Declaration 2-7 Referencing the DTD 2-8 Element Declarations 2-9 Specifying Cardinality of Elements 2-11 Attribute Declarations 2-12 CDATA and Enumerated Attribute Types 2-13 NOTATION Declaration and Attribute Type 2-14 Specifying Default Attribute Values 2-15 Entities in XML 2-16 General Entity Declarations 2-17 Parameter Entities 2-19 Complete DTD: Example 2-20 Validating XML Against a DTD 2-21 Summary 2-22 Practice 2: Overview Modularizing XML with Namespaces Objectives 3-2 What Is an XML Namespace? 3-3 Why Use XML Namespaces? 3-4 Declaring XML Namespaces 3-5 XML Namespace Prefixes 3-6 Example of XML Namespace Declarations 3-7 Scope of XML Namespace Declarations 3-8 Invoking the ShowXmlNS Tool 3-9 Summary 3-10 Practice 3: Overview Validating XML by Using XML Schema Objectives 4-2 What Is an XML Schema? 4-3 The Benefits of XML Schemas 4-4 An Example XML Schema Document 4-5 Validating an XML Document with an XML Schema Document 4-6 Referencing an XML Schema with the schemalocation Attribute 4-7 Components of an XML Schema 4-8 Example of XML Schema Components 4-9 The <schema> Declaration 4-10 Global and Local Declarations 4-12 Declaring an Element 4-14 Built-in XML Schema Data Types 4-15 Declaring a <simpletype> Component 4-17 Using <list> and <union> SimpleTypes 4-19 Declaring <complextype> Components 4-20 iv

5 Declaring a <sequence> 4-21 Declaring a <choice> 4-22 Declaring an Empty Element 4-23 Using Element Wildcards 4-24 Declaring Attributes 4-25 Attribute Declarations: Example 4-26 Declaring and Referencing an <attributegroup> 4-27 Documenting the XML Schema 4-28 Creating an XML Schema Document in JDeveloper 4-29 Using the JDeveloper XML Schema Editor 4-30 Using the JDeveloper XML Schema-Aware XML Editor 4-31 Registering an XML Schema with JDeveloper 4-32 Using the XML Schema-Aware XML Editor 4-33 Validating an XML Document with its XML Schema in JDeveloper 4-34 Validating an XML Document with its XML Schema by Using oraxml 4-35 Applications for XML Schema 4-36 XML Schema Versus DTD 4-37 Converting a DTD to an XML Schema 4-38 Summary 4-39 Practice 4: Overview Navigating XML Documents by Using XPath Objectives 5-2 What Is XML Path Language? 5-3 The XPath Model 5-4 XPath Expressions 5-5 The Location Path Expression 5-6 Results of Location Path Expressions 5-7 Location Steps in XPath Expressions 5-8 XPath Axes 5-9 XPath Node Test Types 5-10 Unabbreviated and Abbreviated Expressions 5-11 Abbreviated XPath Expression: Examples 5-13 XPath Predicates 5-14 Operators in XPath Expressions 5-16 XPath Functions 5-17 Boolean Functions 5-18 Number Functions 5-19 Node-Set Functions 5-20 String Functions 5-21 XSLT and XPath 5-22 Testing XPath Expressions 5-23 Using the TestXPath Tool 5-24 Summary 5-25 Practice 5: Overview Transforming XML by Using XSL Transformations Objectives 6-2 What Is XSL? 6-3 XSL Transformations 6-4 The XSLT Stylesheet 6-5 v

6 XSLT Stylesheet: Example 6-6 Using an XSLT Stylesheet with an XML Document 6-7 Viewing the Transformed Document 6-8 JDeveloper Support for XSLT 6-9 Creating Template Rules 6-10 Getting Input Text with <xsl:value-of> 6-11 Applying Template Rules 6-12 Controlling Template Activation Order 6-14 Template Rules and Priorities 6-15 Default Template Rules 6-16 Effects of Default Template Rules 6-17 Looping with <xsl:for-each> 6-18 Specifying Output Formats 6-19 Attribute Value Templates 6-20 Creating Elements with Attributes 6-21 Sorting an XML Document 6-22 Conditional Processing with <xsl:if> 6-23 Conditional Processing with <xsl:choose> 6-24 Modes 6-25 Example of Using Modes 6-26 Calling Templates by Name 6-29 Creating and Using Parameters 6-30 Using the oraxsl Utility 6-31 Summary 6-33 Practice 6: Overview XSQL Pages Publishing Framework Objectives 7-2 Web Application Architecture 7-3 XSQL Pages Publishing Framework 7-4 Applications and Benefits of XSQL Pages 7-5 Structure of a Simple XSQL Page 7-6 Creating an XSQL Page in JDeveloper 7-7 Creating Database Connections 7-8 Creating an <xsql:query> Action Element 7-9 Viewing an XSQL Page 7-10 Customizing the <xsql:query> Output 7-11 Using Parameters in XSQL Pages 7-12 Supplying Parameters to XSQL Pages 7-13 Parameters and Order of Precedence 7-14 Providing a Fallback Query 7-15 Results of Fallback Query: Example 7-16 An XSQL Page with Multiple Queries 7-17 Transforming an XSQL Page with XSLT 7-18 XSQL Page with XSLT: Example 7-19 Summary 7-20 Practice 7: Overview 7-21 vi

7 8 Additional Features in XSQL Pages Objectives 8-2 Using CURSOR Expressions 8-3 Exchanging Data with XSQL Parameters 8-4 Setting Page Parameters 8-5 Including Parameters in an XSQL Page 8-7 Setting HTTP Cookie Values 8-9 Setting HTTP Session Variables 8-10 Aggregating Information 8-12 Including External Well-Formed XML 8-13 Results of Including XML 8-14 Data Manipulation by Using XSQL 8-15 Results of DML: Example 8-16 Posting XML Documents for DML Operations 8-17 Handling Posted XML Data 8-18 Transforming XML to Canonical Form 8-20 Summary 8-21 Practice 8: Overview Introduction to Oracle XML DB (XML DB) Objectives 9-2 What Is Oracle XML DB? 9-3 When to Use Oracle XML DB 9-4 How Is Oracle XML DB Implemented? 9-6 Oracle XML DB: Features 9-7 XMLType 9-10 When to Use XMLType 9-11 XML Schema Support in Oracle Database 10g 9-12 XMLType and XML Schema 9-15 XML Schema Management 9-17 Registering an XML Schema 9-18 Storage and Access Infrastructure 9-20 Local and Global XML Schemas 9-21 Deleting an XML Schema 9-22 Example of Deleting an XML Schema 9-23 Validating XML 9-24 Schema Validation 9-25 Overview of XML Repository 9-28 What Is the Repository? 9-29 XML Repository: Features 9-30 Repository Support for Internet Protocols 9-31 Oracle XML DB Versioning 9-32 Benefits of Oracle XML DB 9-33 Summary 9-34 Practice 9: Overview 9-35 vii

8 10 Generating XML from an Oracle Database 10g Objectives 10-2 SQL/XML Generation Functions 10-3 The XMLElement() SQL/XML Function 10-4 XML Elements with Attributes 10-5 The XMLForest() SQL/XML Function 10-6 Generating Nested XML Elements 10-7 The XMLSequence() SQL/XML Function 10-8 The XMLConcat() SQL/XML Function 10-9 The XMLAgg() SQL/XML Function Generating Master-Detail Content A Complex Master-Detail: Example The XMLColAttVal() SQL/XML Function Native XML Generation Using SYS_XMLGEN() Using SYS_XMLAGG() DBMS_XMLGEN Summary Practice 10: Overview Managing XML Data in an Oracle 10g Database Objectives 11-2 XMLType 11-3 The Benefits of Using XMLType 11-4 Declaring an XMLType 11-5 XMLType Storage Characteristics 11-6 Unstructured Versus Structured Storage 11-7 CLOB Versus Object-Relational Storage 11-8 Loading Data into XMLType 11-9 Overview of Querying XML Subset of XMLType Member Functions Querying an XMLType by Using XPath Using the existsnode() Function Using the extract() Function Combining extract() and existsnode() Using the extractvalue() Function Filtering with extractvalue() Summary Practice 11: Overview Creating XMLType Views Objectives 12-2 What Are XMLType Views? 12-3 Creating XMLType Views 12-4 Creating Non-Schema-Based Views 12-5 Non-Schema XMLType Views with SQL/XML Functions 12-6 Non-Schema XMLType Views with Object Types and SYS_XMLGEN() 12-7 Creating XML Schema-Based Views 12-8 viii

9 XML Schema XMLType Views with SQL/XML Functions 12-9 Using Namespaces with SQL/XML Functions XML Schema XMLType Views with Object Types Creating XMLType Views from XMLType Tables DML with XMLType Views Example of an Updateable XMLType View Summary Practice 12: Overview Executing SQL Operations on XML Objectives 13-2 Overview of Transforming XML 13-3 Transform Functions 13-4 Using the XMLTransform() Function 13-5 Results of Using the XMLTransform() Function 13-7 Benefits of XML Transformation 13-8 Updating XML 13-9 Using the updatexml() Function Piecewise Update of XML Deleting Rows Based on XML Contents Indexing XML Data Function-Based Indexes Using a CTXXPATH Index Using a Context Index Summary Practice 13: Overview Accessing XML Through URIs Objectives 14-2 Definitions 14-3 URI Support in Oracle Database 14-4 The DBUri Servlet 14-5 Retrieving Table Data as an XML Document 14-6 Retrieving a Single Row as XML 14-7 Retrieving Multiple Rows as XML 14-8 Retrieving Column Data 14-9 Retrieving the Column Text Using Multiple Predicates Applying a Stylesheet Results After Applying a Stylesheet Summary Practice 14: Overview ix

10 Appendix A: Practice Solutions Appendix B: Table Descriptions and Data Appendix C: Additional Information About Document Type Definitions Objectives C-2 Declaration Types in a DTD (Revisited) C-3 Referencing the DTD (Revisited) C-4 Element Declarations (Revisited) C-5 Cardinality of Elements (Revisited) C-7 Attribute Declarations (Revisited) C-8 CDATA and Enumerated Attribute Types C-9 The ENTITY and ENTITIES Attribute Types C-10 The ID Attribute Type C-12 The IDREF and IDREFS Attribute Types C-13 The NMTOKEN and NMTOKENS Attribute Types C-14 Entities in XML (Revisited) C-15 Summary C-16 Appendix D: Using Oracle XML Developer s Kit Objectives D-2 Overview of XML Developer s Kit D-3 XML Trees D-4 XML Trees: Example D-5 XML Developer s Kit Components D-6 XML Parsers D-8 XSL Transformation (XSLT) Processors D-9 Oracle XML Schema Processors D-11 Using XML Schema Processors D-12 XML Class Generators D-13 Using XML Class Generators D-14 Oracle XDK for JavaBeans D-15 XML SQL Utility D-17 Applications of XSU D-18 XSU Command-Line Utility D-19 Using the OracleXML Utility D-20 Updating and Deleting by Using XSU API D-22 Generating an XML Schema with XSU D-23 TransX Utiliity D-25 Using TransX Utility D-26 Summary D-28 Appendix E: Managing External Tools in JDeveloper Objectives E-2 External Tools with JDeveloper E-3 Managing External Tools E-4 Adding an External Tool E-5 Editing an External Tool E-9 Removing an External Tool E-10 Summary E-11 x

Oracle9i: XML Fundamentals for Developers

Oracle9i: XML Fundamentals for Developers Student Guide D14347GC10 Edition 1.0 November 2002 D37459 Author Priya Vennapusa Technical Contributors and Reviewers Scott Brewton Kyohee Chang Edward Dowgiallo