Oracle9i: XML Fundamentals for Developers

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1 Oracle9i: XML Fundamentals for Developers Student Guide D14347GC10 Edition 1.0 November 2002 D37459

2 Author Priya Vennapusa Technical Contributors and Reviewers Scott Brewton Kyohee Chang Edward Dowgiallo Daniel Gabel John P. Hanley Craig Hollister Taj-ul Islam Lek Kajornsak Istvan Kiss Susan Kotsovolos Peter Laseau Jack Melnick Priya Nathan Janet Stern Glenn Stokol Gert Van Barneveld Prasad Yammanur Copyright Oracle Corporation, All rights reserved. This documentation contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation. It is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is also protected by copyright law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency of the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the following legend is applicable: Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and shall be deemed to be Restricted Rights software under Federal law, as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS , Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software (October 1988). This material or any portion of it may not be copied in any form or by any means without the express prior written permission of Oracle Corporation. Any other copying is a violation of copyright law and may result in civil and/or criminal penalties. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency not within the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights, as defined in FAR , Rights in Data-General, including Alternate III (June 1987). The information in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them in writing to Education Products, Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error-free. All references to Oracle and Oracle products are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. All other products or company names are used for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks of their respective owners. Publisher John B Dawson

3 Contents I Introduction Objectives I-2 Course Objectives I-3 Suggested Schedule I-4 Tools I-5 Prerequisites I-6 Summary I-7 1 Introducing the XML Document Objectives 1-2 What Is XML? 1-4 Why Use XML? 1-5 Example: A Simple XML Page 1-6 XML Document Structure 1-8 Components of an XML Document 1-9 Example of Elements and Attributes 1-11 XML Markup Rules 1-13 A Well-Formed XML Document 1-14 Examining an XML Document 1-15 Case Sensitivity 1-16 Writing an XML Document 1-17 Class Activity 1-19 XML Trees 1-20 XML Trees: Example 1-21 XML Standards 1-22 What Is Document Type Definition (DTD)? 1-23 What Is an XML Schema? 1-24 What Is XSL? 1-25 What Is an XML Namespace? 1-26 What Is an XPath? 1-27 Oracle XML Support 1-28 Building an XML Application on Oracle 1-29 XML in Oracle9i JDeveloper 1-30 XML Development and Oracle9i JDeveloper 1-31 Using the XML Editor 1-32 Oracle9i JDeveloper XML Editing 1-33 Advantages of Using XML 1-34 Summary 1-35 Practice 1: Overview 1-36 iii

4 2 Modularizing XML with Namespaces Objectives 2-2 What Is an XML Namespace? 2-3 Understanding Namespaces 2-4 Why Use XML Namespaces? 2-5 Declaring XML Namespaces in an XML Document 2-7 Example of Namespace Declaration 2-8 XML Namespace Prefixes 2-9 Example of Namespace Prefixes 2-10 Default Namespaces 2-11 Example of Default Namespaces 2-12 Using XML Namespaces in an XML Document 2-13 Scope of XML Namespace Declarations 2-14 Summary 2-15 Practice 2 Overview Validating XML with Document Type Definitions (DTD) Objectives 3-2 Validating an XML Document 3-3 What Is a Document Type Definition? 3-4 Document Type Definition (DTD) 3-5 Where Do You Specify a DTD? 3-6 General DTD Rules 3-7 Using Elements in a DTD 3-8 Symbols in a DTD 3-10 DTD Rules and Elements 3-12 Using Attributes in a DTD 3-13 Attribute Declarations in DTD: Example 3-15 Attribute Declarations in DTD 3-16 Specifying Default Values 3-17 Entities in XML 3-18 Character Entities 3-19 General Entity Declarations 3-20 External Entity Declarations 3-21 Entity References 3-22 Parameter Entities 3-23 Complete DTD: Example 3-24 Validating XML Against a DTD 3-25 Summary 3-26 Practice 3 Overview 3-28 iv

5 4 Validate XML Using XML Schema Objectives 4-2 What Is an XML Schema? 4-3 Why Use XML Schema? 4-4 Schema Versus DTD 4-5 DTD Versus XML Schema 4-6 Validating an XML Document 4-8 Example of an XML Schema 4-9 Schema Declaration 4-11 Creating a Schema Element 4-12 Element Declaration 4-14 XML Schema Types 4-16 SimpleType Definitions 4-19 Example of SimpleType Definition 4-20 Creating a SimpleType 4-21 ComplexType Definitions 4-22 Example of a ComplexType Definition 4-24 Creating a ComplexType 4-25 Validating XML Schema with JDeveloper 4-27 XML SQL Utility 4-28 Using XSU to Generate an XML Schema 4-29 Validating XML Against a Schema 4-31 Applications for XML Schema 4-32 Summary 4-33 Practice 4 Overview XSLT and XPath Objectives 5-2 What Is XPath? 5-3 Why Use XPath? 5-4 XPath Expressions 5-5 Common XPath Expressions 5-7 Selecting Nodes Using XPath 5-9 Selecting Attributes Using XPath 5-10 Selecting Nodes with Query Expression 5-11 XPath Functions 5-12 Nodeset Functions 5-13 String Functions 5-14 Number Functions 5-16 Boolean Functions 5-17 v

6 Using XPath Expressions 5-18 Location Path in XPath Expressions 5-20 Location Path Syntax 5-21 XPath Usage in Oracle9i 5-23 What Is XSLT? 5-24 XPath and XSLT 5-25 Viewing the Results 5-26 Summary 5-27 Practice Overview Transforming XML Using XSLT Objectives 6-2 What Is XSL? 6-3 Example of XSL Document 6-4 Viewing the Transformed Document 6-6 Starting with XSL 6-7 Creating Templates 6-8 Applying Templates 6-9 Creating Attributes and Elements 6-13 Output Formats 6-14 Sorting an XML Document 6-15 Filtering Using Conditions 6-18 Example of Conditional Processing 6-19 Result of Conditional Processing 6-20 Example of Conditional Processing 6-21 Result of Conditional Processing 6-22 Modes 6-23 Example of Using Mode 6-24 Results of Using Modes 6-28 Calling Templates by Name 6-29 Creating Parameters 6-30 Passing Parameters to a Template 6-31 Recursion Using Templates 6-32 Programmatic Approach to Recursion 6-33 Example of Using Recursion 6-35 Results of Recursion 6-37 JDeveloper Support for XSLT 6-38 Using JDeveloper for XSLT 6-39 oraxsl Utility 6-40 Summary 6-42 Practice Overview 6-43 vi

7 7 Using Oracle9i XDK Objectives 7-2 Overview of XDKs in Oracle9i 7-3 What Are the Components of Oracle9i XDK? 7-4 XML Development Kit Components 7-6 XML Parsers 7-7 XSL Transformation (XSLT) Processors 7-8 Oracle9i XML Schema Processors 7-10 Using XML Schema Processors 7-11 XML Class Generators 7-12 Using XML Class Generators 7-14 Oracle9i XDK for JavaBeans 7-15 XML SQL Utility 7-17 Applications of XSU 7-19 XSU Command Line: OracleXML 7-22 Using OracleXML 7-23 TransX Utiliity 7-24 Using TransX Utility 7-25 Summary XSQL Pages Publishing Framework Objectives 8-2 The Oracle XSQL Pages Framework 8-3 Applications of XSQL Pages 8-5 A Simple XSQL Page 8-6 Creating an XSQL Page 8-7 Viewing an XSQL Page 8-8 Multiple XSQL Queries 8-9 Customizing XSQL with Attributes 8-11 Customizing the Output 8-13 XSQL Customization with Parameters 8-14 Using Bind Parameters 8-15 Passing Lexical Parameters 8-16 Parameter Order of Precedence 8-18 Fallback Query 8-19 Fallback Query: Example 8-20 XSQL and XSL 8-22 XSQL and XSL: Example 8-23 Using JDeveloper to Create XSQL Pages 8-26 Viewing the XSQL Page 8-27 vii

8 Benefits of XSQL 8-28 Summary 8-29 Practice 8 Overview Advanced XSQL Pages Objectives 9-2 Using Cursors 9-3 Setting HTTP Session Variables 9-5 Setting HTTP Cookie Values 9-7 Setting Page Parameters 9-9 Including Parameters 9-11 Including All Parameters 9-12 Aggregating Information 9-14 Including External XML 9-16 Handling Posted Data 9-17 Data Manipulation Using XSQL 9-19 Results of DML 9-20 Inserting a Document 9-21 Summary 9-22 Practice 9: Overview Introducing Oracle9i XML Database Objectives 10-2 What Is Oracle XML DB? 10-3 When to Use Oracle XML DB? 10-4 How Is Oracle XML DB Implemented? 10-6 Oracle XML DB Features 10-7 XMLType When to Use XMLType XML Schema Support in Oracle9i Database XMLType and XML Schema XML Schema Management Registering an XML Schema Storage and Access Infrastructure Local and Global XML Schemas Deleting an XML Schema Validating XML Schema Validation Example of Deleting an XML Schema XML Schema Support in Oracle9i Database viii

9 Overview of XML Repository What Is the Repository? XML Repository Features Repository Support for Internet Protocols Oracle XML DB Versioning Benefits of Oracle XML DB Summary Generating XML from Oracle9i Database Objectives 11-2 SQL XML Functions 11-3 SQLX Functions: XMLElement() 11-4 Generating an Element for Each Employee 11-5 Generating Nested XML 11-6 SQLX Functions: XMLForest() 11-8 Generating Employee Attributes 11-9 SQLX Functions: XMLSequence() Generating XML Documents from Cursors SQLX Functions: XMLConcat() Concatenating Results SQLX Functions: XMLAgg() Generating Master-Detail Content Complex Master-Detail Content SQLX Functions: XMLColAttVal() Generating Attributes Native XML Generation SYS_XMLGEN SYS_XMLAGG DBMS_XMLGEN Summary Practice 11 Overview Storing XML in Oracle9i Database Objectives 12-2 Overview of XMLType 12-3 Why Use XMLType? 12-4 XMLType 12-5 XMLType Storage Characteristics 12-6 Structured Versus Unstructured Storage 12-7 CLOB Versus Object-Relational Storage 12-8 Loading Data into XMLType 12-9 ix

10 XMLType XMLType Functions Example Using Extract() Benefits of XMLType Summary Practice Overview: Lesson Querying XML Objectives 13-2 Overview of Querying XML 13-3 Selecting XML 13-4 Selecting XML 13-6 XPath Functions 13-7 ExistsNode() Function 13-9 ExtractValue() Function Extract() Function Searching XML with extract() and existsnode() Searching XML with extractvalue() Extracting Fragments from XMLType Using extract() Summary Practice Overview: Lesson SQL Operations on XML Objectives 14-2 Overview of Transforming XML 14-3 Transform Functions 14-4 Example of XMLTransform() 14-5 Viewing the Output 14-8 Benefits of XML Transformation 14-9 Updating XML Using the UpdateXML() Function Piecewise Updates on XML Deleting Using existsnode() Function Indexing XML Data Indexing XMLTypes Function-Based Indexes CTXXPATH Index Indexing CONTAINS Expression CTXXPATH Index Creating Oracle Text Index Summary Practice Lesson 14: Overview x

11 15 Accessing XML Through URIs Objectives 15-2 Definitions 15-3 URI Support in Oracle Database 15-4 DBUri Servlet 15-5 Identifying a Table as XML Document 15-6 Retrieving a Table as XML 15-7 Applying a Style Sheet 15-8 Retrieving a Row as XML Retrieving a Row Retrieving Column Data Retrieving Column Text Retrieving with Multiple Predicates Summary Practice Overview: Lesson Appendix: Oracle9i: XML Fundamentals for Developers Practice Solutions Index xi

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Oracle 10g: XML Fundamentals

Oracle 10g: XML Fundamentals Volume 1 - Student Guide D17320GC10 Edition 1.0 August 2004 D39787 Author Glenn Stokol Technical Contributors and Reviewers Gert Van Barneveld Mark Bauer Brian Boxx Scott Brewton