Native Support of Multi-tenancy in RDBMS for Software as a Service

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Phyllis Shelton
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1 Native Support of Multi-tenancy in RDBMS for Software as a Service Oliver Schiller Benjamin Schiller Andreas Brodt Bernhard Mitschang Applications of Parallel and Distributed Systems Universität Stuttgart 2011/11/09

2 Multi-tenancy Introduction Single-tenant 2 / 19

3 Multi-tenancy Introduction Single-tenant Multi-tenant 2 / 19

4 Multi-tenancy and Cloud Computing 3 / 19

5 Multi-tenancy and Cloud Computing 3 / 19

6 Multi-tenancy and Cloud Computing 3 / 19

7 Multi-tenancy and Cloud Computing Many tenants access the RDBMS through the same application. Many tenants use the RDBMS as backend for many different application. 3 / 19

8 Introduction Approaches to Implement Multi-tenancy with RDBMS 4 / 19

9 Introduction Approaches to Implement Multi-tenancy with RDBMS Shared Machine 4 / 19

10 Introduction Approaches to Implement Multi-tenancy with RDBMS Shared Machine Shared Process 4 / 19

11 Introduction Approaches to Implement Multi-tenancy with RDBMS Shared Machine Shared Process Shared Table 4 / 19

12 Introduction Approaches to Implement Multi-tenancy with RDBMS Shared Machine Shared Process Shared Table Tenant Footprint 4 / 19

13 Existing Approaches Shared Table 5 / 19

14 Existing Approaches Shared Table Meta data management (Schema extension) Query rewriting Tenant isolation Tenant-oriented maintenance 5 / 19

15 Existing Approaches Shared Table Meta data management (Schema extension) Query rewriting Tenant isolation Tenant-oriented maintenance RDBMS loses meta data responsibility RDBMS loses some optimization opportunities RDBMS efforts are not used Doubled efforts Application-level security Complex and critical Separation of Concerns 5 / 19

Existing Approaches Shared Table Meta data management (Schema extension) Query rewriting Tenant isolation Tenant-oriented maintenance RDBMS loses meta data responsibility RDBMS loses some

16 Existing Approaches Shared Table Meta data management (Schema extension) Query rewriting Tenant isolation Tenant-oriented maintenance RDBMS loses meta data responsibility RDBMS loses some optimization opportunities RDBMS efforts are not used Doubled efforts Application-level security Complex and critical Separation of Concerns RDBMS with native multi-tenancy support 5 / 19

17 Outline Introduction 1 Introduction / 19

18 Outline Introduction Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension 1 Introduction / 19

19 Tenants in the RDBMS Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension 8 / 19

20 Tenants in the RDBMS Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension Tenant Context Determines a tenant s virtual database Operation context Switching context switches processed virtual database Logically closed container System-level security Tenant isolation 8 / 19

Tenants in the RDBMS Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension Tenant Context Determines a tenant s virtual database Operation context

21 Tenants in the RDBMS Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension Tenant Context Determines a tenant s virtual database Operation context Switching context switches processed virtual database Logically closed container System-level security Tenant isolation Tenants as first class database objects 8 / 19

22 Schema Inheritance Concept Overview based on a online-shop scenario Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension 9 / 19

23 Schema Inheritance Concept Overview based on a online-shop scenario Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension Three schema types: shared, virtual and tenant Schema inheritance concept 9 / 19

24 Schema Inheritance Concept Shared Schema Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension Stores data invariant between tenants Part of all tenant contexts No per-tenant extensions 10 / 19

25 Schema Inheritance Concept Virtual Schema Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension Defines application core schema May inherit from another virtual schema No table instances 11 / 19

26 Schema Inheritance Concept Tenant Schema Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension Relates to a specific tenant Inherits from a virtual schema Table instances 12 / 19

27 Language Extension Introduction Tenants in the RBMS Tenant-aware Schema Management Language Extension Schema Management CREATE [ SHARED ] SCHEMA < schema name > CREATE VIRTUAL SCHEMA < schema name > [ INHERITS FROM < schema name > ] Tenant Management CREATE TENANT < tenant name > SCHEMA INHERITS FROM < schema name > DROP TENANT < tenant name > SET TENANT { < tenant name > None } 13 / 19

28 Outline Introduction Data Dictionary Storage Model 1 Introduction / 19

operations account for schema inheritance and tenant

29 Data Dictionary Introduction Data Dictionary Storage Model External format Internal format Data dictionary operations account for schema inheritance and tenant contexts Multi-granularity locking scheme for table-level locks 15 / 19

30 Storage Model Introduction Data Dictionary Storage Model 16 / 19

31 Storage Model Introduction Data Dictionary Storage Model 16 / 19

32 Storage Model Introduction Data Dictionary Storage Model 16 / 19

33 Outline Introduction 1 Introduction / 19

34 Main Memory Consumption 1000 Tenants Tenants 18 / 19

35 Main Memory Consumption Not a fair comparison! Shared Table does not provide tenant-oriented functionality At least similiar efforts in upper layers 1000 Tenants Tenants 18 / 19

36 Conclusion Introduction of tenants and tenant context Schema inheritance tailored towards multi-tenancy Central maintenance of the application core schema Individual maintenance of tenants schemas Easier development of multi-tenant SaaS application Sharing application core schema avoids redundancy Infrastructure for further tenant-oriented functionality 19 / 19

37 Conclusion Introduction of tenants and tenant context Schema inheritance tailored towards multi-tenancy Central maintenance of the application core schema Individual maintenance of tenants schemas Easier development of multi-tenant SaaS application Sharing application core schema avoids redundancy Infrastructure for further tenant-oriented functionality Future Work Storage and isolation management Sophisticated data sharing 19 / 19

38 Thank you! 20 / 19

39 Runtime Performance 21 / 19

Building Multi-tenant Applications with Pervasive PSQL

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