CSE 484 / CSE M 584: Computer Security and Privacy. Usable Security. Fall Franziska (Franzi) Roesner
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1 CSE 484 / CSE M 584: Computer Security and Privacy Usable Security Fall 2017 Franziska (Franzi) Roesner franzi@cs.washington.edu Thanks to Dan Boneh, Dieter Gollmann, Dan Halperin, Yoshi Kohno, Ada Lerner, John Manferdelli, John Mitchell, Vitaly Shmatikov, Bennet Yee, and many others for sample slides and materials...
2 Poor Usability Causes Problems si.ed u 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
3 Importance in Security Why is usability important? People are the critical element of any computer system People are the real reason computers exist in the first place Even if it is possible for a system to protect against an adversary, people may use the system in other, less secure ways 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
4 Usable Security Roadmap 2 case studies Phishing SSL warnings Step back: root causes of usability problems, and how to address 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
5 Case Study #1: Phishing Design question: How do you help users avoid falling for phishing sites? 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
6 A Typical Phishing Page Weird URL http instead of https 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
7 Safe to Type Your Password? 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
8 Safe to Type Your Password? 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
9 Safe to Type Your Password? 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
10 Safe to Type Your Password? Picture-in-picture attacks Trained users are more likely to fall victim to this! 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
11 Experiments at Indiana University Reconstructed the social network by crawling sites like Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn and Friendster Sent 921 Indiana University students a spoofed that appeared to come from their friend redirected to a spoofed site inviting the user to enter his/her secure university credentials Domain name clearly distinct from indiana.edu 72% of students entered their real credentials into the spoofed site 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
12 More Details Control group: 15 of 94 (16%) entered personal information Social group: 349 of 487 (72%) entered personal information 70% of responses within first 12 hours Adversary wins by gaining users trust Also: If a site looks professional, people likely to believe that it is legitimate 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
13 Phishing Warnings Passive (IE) Active (Firefox) Active (IE) 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
14 [Egelman et al.] Are Phishing Warnings Effective? CMU study of 60 users Asked to make ebay and Amazon purchases All were sent phishing messages in addition to the real purchase confirmations Goal: compare active and passive warnings 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
15 Active vs. Passive Warnings [Egelman et al.] Active warnings significantly more effective Passive (IE): 100% clicked, 90% phished Active (IE): 95% clicked, 45% phished Active (Firefox): 100% clicked, 0% phished Passive (IE) Active (IE) Active (Firefox) 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
16 User Response to Warnings [Egelman et al.] Some fail to notice warnings entirely Passive warning takes a couple of seconds to appear; if user starts typing, his keystrokes dismiss the warning Some saw the warning, closed the window, went back to , clicked links again, were presented with the same warnings repeated 4-5 times Conclusion: website is not working Users never bothered to read the warnings, but were still prevented from visiting the phishing site Active warnings work! 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
17 [Egelman et al.] Why Do Users Ignore Warnings? Don t trust the warning Since it gave me the option of still proceeding to the website, I figured it couldn t be that bad Ignore warning because it s familiar (IE users) Oh, I always ignore those Looked like warnings I see at work which I know to ignore I thought that the warnings were some usual ones displayed by IE My own PC constantly bombards me with similar messages 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
18 Site Authentication Image (SiteKey) If you don t recognize your personalized SiteKey, don t enter your Passcode 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
19 Case Study #2: Browser SSL Warnings Design question 1: How to indicate encrypted connections to users? Design question 2: How to alert the user if a site s SSL certificate is untrusted? 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
20 The Lock Icon Goal: identify secure connection SSL/TLS is being used between client and server to protect against active network attacker Lock icon should only be shown when the page is secure against network attacker Semantics subtle and not widely understood by users Whose certificate is it?? Problem in user interface design 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
![[Moxie Marlinspike] Will You Notice?](/docs-images/89/100747561/images/21-0.jpg "Þ Clever favicon inserted by network attacker 12/4/17 CSE 484")
21 [Moxie Marlinspike] Will You Notice? Þ Clever favicon inserted by network attacker 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
22 Do These Indicators Help? The Emperor s New Security Indicators Users don t notice the absence of indicators! 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
23 Latest Design in Chrome 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
24 Firefox vs. Chrome Warning [Felt et al.] 33% vs. 70% clickthrough rate 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
25 Experimenting w/ Warning Design [Felt et al.] 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
26 Experimenting w/ Warning Design [Felt et al.] 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
27 Experimenting w/ Warning Design [Felt et al.] 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
28 Experimenting w/ Warning Design [Felt et al.] 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
29 Experimenting w/ Warning Design [Felt et al.] 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
30 [Felt et al.] Opinionated Design Helps! Adherence N 30.9% 4,551 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
![[Felt et al.] Opinionated Design Helps! Adherence N 30.](/docs-images/89/100747561/images/31-1.jpg "9% 4,551 32.1% 4,075 58.")
31 [Felt et al.] Opinionated Design Helps! Adherence N 30.9% 4, % 4, % 4,644 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
32 [Felt et al.] Challenge: Meaningful Warnings 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
33 Stepping Back: Root Causes? Computer systems are complex; users lack intuition Users in charge of managing own devices Unlike other complex systems, like healthcare or cars. Hard to gauge risks It won t happen to me! Annoying, awkward, difficult Social issues Send encrypted s about lunch?... 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
34 How to Improve? Security education and training Help users build accurate mental models Make security invisible Make security the least-resistance path? 12/4/17 CSE 484 / CSE M Fall
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