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1 IPsecIP " IP! IP security IPsec! " IP! IPsec " IPsec "# # $ "IPsec!!"!!!"" # %!" "! replay attack! $IPsec#! Transport Mode! IPsec! Tunnel Mode "gateways! IPsec $# IPsec &! Encapsulating Security Payload ESP!! '!! Authentication HeaderAH! $# IPsec! # Security Association Database SAD '(!! # Security Policy DatabaseSPD IPsec # IPsec IKE# " IPsec%" IPsecIP

2 IPsec *!! header! "IPsec# IP!%"!AHESPIPsec# ESP/AH Header "IPsec " ' Tunnel ModeTransport Mode$IPsec #! IPsec! # Transport Mode* "# # Transport Mode yxb'yax! y y IPsec x yx'!'# y BA' Network A x Application TCP/UDP IP Network B yx"' $!"# TCP/UDP HeaderIP Header"IPsecTransport Mode $'yx Application TCP/UDP IPsec IP: x y y ) IPsecIP

3 Tunnel Mode **! "'!! IPsec ( # # security gateways '# # # BA# yx#! BA # security gateways# GWBGWA%" IPsec x! y x GWB IPsec GWAGWA GWB GWB y Network A Network B x GWA GWB y!gwbgwa!' GWA GWB! # # %" GWA''y!! GWB GWA%"%" GWB! GWA! IP Header!IP IPsec $'GWBGWA! Application TCP/UDP IP: x y IPsec IP: GWA GWB IP # IP'"! GWB GWB GWB! header Next Protocol!'"! IP Header IP GWB GWBIPsecIPsec GWB' y! %" IP Header IPsec y #!IP x!!y%" IPsecIP

4 $'yx"'# " Network A Network B x GWA GWB y GWA-GWB Tunnel Application Application Application TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP IP: x y IP: x y IP: x y IPsec IP: GWA GWB $Transport Mode # Tunnel Mode! IPsec'# ' security gateways IPsec "! # # % IPsec # # # IPsec! #!# # ' "! * ESP!!" 'Transport Mode Tunnel Mode " + IPsecIP

5 Tunnel Mode!-* Virtual Private NetworkVPN # " # # # " "" # # "# # # # " " IPsec! %" gateway %" $Tunnel Mode gateways%"!%" # " '!IPsec # " Europe branch GWE Europe-Asia Tunnel USA branch '!# #!!%"!%"%" # "! Tunnel in Tunnel # "!tunnels " # # # GWM# M# 'A# $AGWAA# # Network A Europe-USA Tunnel GWU USA-Asia Tunnel GWA Asia branch * m Subnet M GWM GWA GWB Network B z +, IPsecIP

6 %"B A $!! '# GWAM Tunnel ModeIPsec GWM MA Tunnel ModeIPsec GWAtunnel' GWMtunnel$ tunnel BzM# m $'GWB Subnet M Network A Network B m GWM GWA GWB z M-B Tunnel A-B Tunnel Application Application Application Application TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP IP: m z IP: m z IP: m z IP: m z IPsec IPsec IP: GWM GWB IP: GWM GWB IPsec IP: GWA GWB gatewaytunnel Mode w #!!! IPsec gateway w##m ' w w gateways gatewaystunnel modeipsec gateway m Network A Subnet M GWM GWA w!! wm GWBz# #! # w# IP Headers - + IPsecIP

7 SAD# - SAD! # IPsec (! # Security Association Database '## ' $Security AssociationSAIPsec # Sequence Number Lifetime!SA"!Security Parameter IndexSPI! SA $# #SA# session # # SA %"SAsession"! $# SAD'! # # SA Outgoing SAD "# # SA Incoming SAD User A s SAD User B s SAD Outgoing SAD Outgoing SAD SPI User SA data SPI User SA data B, SPI=22 24 A, SPI=13 38 Y, SPI=5 25 X, SPI=20 Incoming SAD Incoming SAD SPI User SA data SPI User SA data B 22 A 44 Y 23 X # Outgoing SADABIPsecA IPsec ASA! B# # SA SA SPIESP/AH HeaderIPsec# A%" BIncoming SAD-SA"! SAD!*. SA'# SPI B SA Incoming SAD# +* IPsecIP

8 IPsec #. $# IPsec & Encapsulating Security PayloadESP! Authentication HeaderAH ESP. Encrypted ESP SPI Sequence Number IV Data Padding Pad Length Next Protocol Authentication Data!& ESP $'ESP Header Authenticated $ESP Header!!Ingoing SADSA"!SPI &!!!" " Sequence Number # SA # & Sequence Number replay attack #!Sequence Number##!! # SA # " Initialization VectorIV ' & CBC ModeAESIV 'IV!! #"'! Padding # # *! AES!'!'!# #!' "# "!! Padding "# "Pad Length # IPsec!ESP # Next Protocol TCP/UDP # Tunnel ModeIP!'# %"Transport Mode Next Protocol!'"! " IPsec ESP Data # Data" +- IPsecIP

9 # TCP/UDP Tunnel Mode IP " % IPsec "IPsec ESP Header Authentication Data ' " # #!'!" ''! '"! '! ' "## # ESP Packet Filtering Firewall "# TCP ESP IP # Tunnel Mode# ESP! # "Packet Filtering FirewallESP! # default! "Tunnel ModeESP# ' IP IPsec gateway! Authentication Datatrailer# ESP Header%"%"ESP AH Next Protocol Payload Length Reserved SPI Sequence Number Authentication Data $ AH*. $'AHHeader ESP HeaderAH Header! : AH AH '" Authentication Data! AH Header! AH#!AH Header IP Header ESP#! "# header# 'IP Header TTL! #! ' #!gateway! Time To Live Checksum!, # "!# "!! +. IPsecIP

10 ESP AH ESP! AH# 0ESP! "AH# '# ESP ESP AH AH % # # AH# %" Network Address TranslationNAT! IP "#!!! NAT A > N IP N # A A #!IPA#! A'! NATA A '!! IP # A#!AIP IPNA%!NAT A"! %!#A A# '! IP " IP A x Network A x NAT Network A NAT Server y x"# IP x $'yaxa Application Application TCP/UDP TCP/UDP IP: IP x IP y IP: IP A IP y ' y xah NAT NAT AH '# IPsec #y IP A IP x x% IP x IP #x AH! " NAT y y +/ IPsecIP

11 SPD Security Policy DatabaseSPDIPsec%"!SPDsIPsec!!SPD (Incoming SPD) "!! # SPD(Outgoing SPD) Firewall selectorspacket Filtering Firewalls Firewall# #!SPD%"AckDirection! username! %# # Firewalls!! Firewall! $ Action!SPDdenypermit Firewallsdeny!drop IPsec 'forward Firewallspermit IPsec secure # AH ESP # # SPD secure! Outgoing SADSA # SPI# # "! # SPI#! ' # SA IKE!# SA wildcardsspd#packet Filtering Firewalls!# Packet Filtering FirewallSPD! "'!!SPD'! IPsec'! SPD $Packet Filtering FirewallIPsec forwardspd dropspd " 0!IPsec # drop# SPD secure# forward! SPD!! '"!"!IPsec IPsec + IPsecIP

12 $ IPsec # SPD IPsec * drop # - forward # $secure # SA- SPI # SA# # # SA ' IKE # SA#! # AHESPSPD# # SPD! SPI# SADIPsec '# SASAD' # # &# SA# IP SAD. / $ " 4: SPI 2: packet 5: SA : protected packet Upper Layer IPsec IP Layer 1: packet 3: SPI secure forward SPD * $! IPIPsec! SPI# SADIPsec * SPI packet! SPI" SPI packet #SASAD - # &# SA # SPD#. # SPISPD / SPI SPD " Next Protocol! # SPI # packet SPI SPD # drop +) IPsecIP

13 SAD 2: SPI packet 3: SA SPI packet SPI SPD 6: packet 1: protected packet $ " Upper Level IPsec IP Layer 4: packet 5: SPI SPD secure SPIpacket SPI SPD # SPD SPI packet # SA # - & SPI SPD 'SPD# #'" # SPISPD# # " # TCP/UDP Header # " # #! # Tunnel Mode SPI packet SPI SPD # #!# # #!!!% IP spoofing %"%"# # telnet yxw!/.# w wxyip IP spoofing x xspiwx%sa y %SA# SPIIPsec# $'wxspi x-w wx%spi"# x telnet data TCP IPsec: SPI = SPI x-w IP: y w w + IPsecIP

14 wspi x-w #SA w TCP w /.# yw xtelnet w0!!/.# w# SPIwSPD.# SPD SPI x-w SPI y-w SPI y-w "wy# SA x $# wspd # wtelnet x whttp "x % x! /.# w# xhttpw# wspd! w%sa# SPI httpwx $'wxspi telnet SPI"#telnet x w http data TCP: destination port = 80 IPsec: SPI = SPI telnet IP: x w TCP # w whttp'!, TCP SPDSPD./.# whttp"x #) 1. Security Architecture for the Protocol, RFC 2401 Available at: 2. IP Authentication Header, RFC 2402 Available at: 3. IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), RFC 2406 Available at: ++ IPsecIP

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