Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Acknowledgments UNIX Operating System Environment p. 1 UNIX: Past and Present p.

Transcription

1 Preface to the First Edition p. xv Preface to the Second Edition p. xvii Acknowledgments p. xix UNIX Operating System Environment p. 1 UNIX: Past and Present p. 2 History and Growth of UNIX p. 2 Flavors of the UNIX Operating System p. 4 Windows NT and UNIX p. 12 Key UNIX Concepts p. 13 Operating System Versus Kernel p. 13 Programs and Processes p. 14 Signals p. 15 File System p. 15 System Calls p. 16 Important System Files p. 17 /etc/passwd p. 18 /etc/shadow p. 18 /etc/group p. 20 /etc/inittab p. 21 UNIX System Initialization (Start-Up) p. 21 Memory Management p. 23 Standards: SVID, POSIX, COSE, OSF, and X/Open p. 24 UNIX and Client/Server Computing p. 24 Processor Technology p. 25 Client/Server System Strategies p. 27 Peripheral Devices p. 28 Summary p. 29 References p. 30 Select Bibliography p. 30 Network Architectures and Technologies p. 31 Network Architectures p. 31 OSI/RM p. 32 The OSI/RM and the Internet Architecture p. 33 Internet (TCP/IP) Architecture p. 33 Layers in the Internet Architecture p. 36 Internet Network Addresses p. 37 Internet Address Notation p. 38 Internet Address Classes p. 38 Loopback Address p. 39 Subnet Mask p. 40 Broadcast Address p. 41

2 Multicast Address p. 41 Network Access Layer p. 41 Ethernet p. 41 Fast Ethernet (100Base-X) p. 43 Ethernet 100VG-Any LAN p. 44 Token Ring p. 45 Fiber Distributed Data Interface p. 46 Frame Relay p. 46 ATM p. 52 IEEE LAN Standards p. 63 Internet Layer p. 64 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) p. 65 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) p. 66 Internet Protocol (IP) p. 68 Transport Layer p. 72 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) p. 72 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) p. 92 Application Layer p. 94 Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) p. 94 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) p. 96 Summary p. 98 References p. 101 Select Bibliography p. 101 Important Network Concepts p. 101 Transmission Types p. 101 Data Transmission Modes p. 101 Baseband and Broadcast Services p. 102 Switching Virtual LANs p. 102 Switching p. 103 Classes of Switching Hubs p. 104 Fast Packet Switching, Cell, and Frame Relay p. 104 T1/T3 Standards p. 105 UNIX Network Elements p. 107 Network Files on UNIX Systems p. 107 /etc/hosts p. 107 /etc/protocols p. 108 /etc/services p. 109 /etc/ethers p. 111 /etc/bootptab p. 112 /etc/netmasks p. 113 /etc/inetd.conf p. 114

3 Network Processes on UNIX Systems p. 118 inetd p. 120 routed p. 121 rarpd p. 121 bootpd p. 121 NFS-Related Processess: nfsd, biod, automount p. 122 NIS Related Processess: ypserv, ypxfrd, ypbind p. 122 DNS Related Process: named p. 123 rpcbind and portmap p. 123 Network-Related Commands p. 124 ifconfig p. 124 netstat p. 125 arp p. 135 nslookup p. 136 hostname p. 137 domainname p. 137 rpcinfo p. 137 uname p. 138 telnet p. 139 rlogin p. 139 ftp p. 139 rcp p. 141 rsh p. 141 snoop p. 142 Internet Resources p. 144 ftp anonymous Accounts and Request for Comment (RFC) Documents p. 145 User Information Commands p. 145 Summary p. 148 References p. 149 Select Bibliography p. 149 Distributed Computing p. 151 Network File System (NFS) p. 151 Design and Working p. 151 Stateless Protocol p. 152 NFS Procedures p. 153 BSD UNIX and NFS p. 153 SVR4 UNIX and NFS p. 158 NFS Server Configuration p. 163 NFS Client Configuration p. 164 NFS Automounter p. 165 NFS: Future Direction p. 168

4 Network Information Service (NIS or YP) p. 169 Motivation for NIS p. 170 Terminology p. 170 Client/Server Model p. 171 NIS Files p. 171 NIS Maps p. 171 Modifying and Propagating NIS Maps p. 172 Configuring an NIS Master Service p. 173 Configuring an NIS Slave Server p. 175 Configuring an NIS Client p. 177 About NIS Password Files p. 177 NIS Usage p. 179 NIS+ p. 180 Definition of Terminology p. 181 NIS+ Files p. 182 NIS+ Daemons p. 185 NIS+ Commands p. 188 NIS+ Root Master Server Configuration p. 191 NIS+ Client Configuration p. 195 NIS+ Replica Configuration p. 197 NIS+ Master Server Configuration in a New Domain p. 199 Domain Name Service (DNS) p. 201 DNS: Types of Servers p. 202 DNS Primary Master Server Configuration p. 204 DNS Client Only Configuration p. 206 Configuring a DNS Caching Only System p. 208 Using the nslookup Command p. 210 Summary p. 211 References p. 212 Select Bibliography p. 212 Security p. 213 ISO Security Architecture p. 213 Definition of Security p. 213 Motivation for Security p. 213 Security Terminology and Abbreviations p. 214 Security Threats p. 214 Types of Attacks p. 214 Security Services p. 218 Security Mechanisms p. 218 Security Management p. 220 UNIX and Security p. 220

5 Super-User Sessions p. 220 Passwords p. 220 System Accounts p. 222 Controlling Account Access p. 222 Logging Unsuccessful Logins p. 223 Search Path p. 224 Restricting Root Access p. 225 umtp and wtmp Files p. 225 syslog Facility p. 226 The last Command p. 226 Directory and File Permissions p. 227 The umask Command p. 227 The chmod Command p. 227 UIDs and GIDs p. 228 Setuid, setgid, and the Sticky Bit p. 229 TCP/IP and Security p. 229 telnet Versus rlogin p. 229 Incoming FTP Connections p. 231 Sendmail, SMTP, and Security p. 231 Denying Incoming Network Access p. 232 Denying Outgoing Network Access p. 232 NFS Security p. 232 The Trivial File Transfer Protocol p. 233 NIS+ Security p. 234 Security-Related Products and Applications p. 236 ASET p. 236 Computer Oracle Password System (COPS) p. 239 TCP Wrapper p. 247 Other Security-Related Applications p. 249 Kerberos p. 249 What Do We Need To Do? p. 251 Summary p. 252 References p. 252 Select Bibliography p. 252 About Anonymous FTP Accounts p. 252 Anonymous FTP Account Configuration on Solaris 2.x System p. 253 Anonymous FTP Configuration on a SUNOS System p. 255 Client/Server Applications p. 259 Interprocess Communication Mechanisms (IPCs) p. 260 Distributed Applications p. 266 Berkeley Sockets p. 267

6 Transport Layer Interface (TLI) p. 267 Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) p. 268 TCP and UDP Ports p. 269 Berkeley Socket System Calls p. 274 Iterative and Concurrent Servers p. 274 System Calls p. 275 Using the portmapper Service p. 278 Summary p. 280 References p. 280 Select Bibliography p. 281 Berkeley Socket Client/Server Application p. 281 Server Application p. 281 Client Application p. 285 UDP Broadcast Client/Server Application p. 289 Server Application p. 289 Client Application p. 290 Internetworking p. 293 Novell's Netware Architechture p. 293 Novell NetWare Protocols p. 293 Case Study: Novell System Configuration p. 300 Open Data-Link Interface (ODI) p. 306 Internetworking Products p. 307 UNIX-Macintosh Integration p. 310 The AppleTalk Environment p. 310 AppleTalk and the OSI/RM p. 311 AppleTalk Addressing p. 311 AppleTalk Protocols p. 312 AppleTalk Network Types p. 312 Internetworking Services p. 313 Internetworking Software p. 315 X Window System p. 316 MIT's Project Athena and X p. 316 The X Standard p. 317 X Terminology p. 318 X Servers and Clients p. 319 X Protocol p. 319 XDMCP p. 322 X and Serial Line Protocols p. 322 X Commands and Applications p. 323 PCs, UNIX, and the X Window System p. 325 Windows NT p. 326

7 NT and TCP/IP p. 327 NT Installation and Configuration p. 330 Summary p. 336 Select Bibliography p. 336 Managing UNIX Networks p. 339 Communication Devices p. 339 Repeaters p. 339 Bridges p. 340 Routers p. 340 Brouters p. 340 Gateways and Protocol Converters p. 341 Hubs p. 341 CSU/DSU p. 341 Routing p. 342 RIP p. 343 OSPF p. 345 EGP p. 347 What About OSI's IS-IS? p. 347 Network And System Management p. 348 Model for Network Management p. 348 ASN.1 p. 349 SNMP p. 350 SNMPv2 p. 365 System Management p. 368 NMS Product: SunNet Manager, Installation and Usage p. 375 ICMP: TCP/IP's Troubleshooting Protocol p. 381 ICMP Destination Unreachable Message p. 383 ICMP Time Exceeded Message p. 384 ICMP Parameter Problem Message p. 385 ICMP Source Quench Message p. 386 ICMP Redirect Message p. 386 ICMP Echo Request Message p. 388 ICMP Echo Reply Message p. 389 ICMP Timestamp Request Message p. 390 ICMP Timestamp Reply Message p. 391 ICMP Address Mask Request Message p. 392 ICMP Address Mask Reply Message p. 393 ICMP Information Request and Reply p. 394 Network Application (telnet, ftp) Problems p. 394 Network File System (NFS) Problems p. 395 File System Errors p. 395

8 Read Only Errors p. 395 mountd Daemon Problems p. 396 Summary p. 396 Select Bibliography p. 397 RFC 1340 p. 399 Glossary p. 401 Acronyms p. 417 Internic Internet Service Providers List p. 423 Internet Address Application p. 425 Domain Registration Application p. 431 IP Version 6 p. 435 About the Author p. 437 Index p. 439 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.