CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide

Transcription

1 CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide (Exam ) Osborne/McGraw-Hill is an independent entity from Cisco Systems, Inc. and not affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc. in any manner. Cisco is a registered trademark of Cisco Systems, Inc. Syngress Media, Inc. Osborne/McGraw-Hill Berkeley New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Hamburg London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Panama City Paris Säo Paulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto

2 Foreword About the Contributors Acknowledgments Preface Introduction iii v ix xxi xxv I Introduction to Internetworking I Certification Objective 1.01 The Internetworking Model 2 Network Evolution 3 The OSI Model 4 Encapsulation 7 Certification Objective 1.02 Physical and Data Link Layers 7 DIX and Ethernet Token Ring 11 ANSIFDDI 13 MAC Addresses 14 Interfaces 15 Wide Area Network Services 19 Certification Objective 1.03 Network Layer and Path Determination 28 Layer 3 Addresses 28 Routed Protocols vs. Routing Protocols 29 Routing Algorithms and Metrics 30 Certification Objective 1.04 Transport Layer 30 Reliability 30 Windowing 31 xi

3 Xii CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide Certification Objective 1.05 Upper-Layer Protocols 31 Certification Objective 1.06 Cisco Routers, Switches, and Hubs 31 Certification Objective 1.07 Configuring a Cisco Switch and Hub 34 Certification Summary 35 Two-Minute Drill 38 Seif Test 41 2 Getting Started with Cisco IOS Software 47 Certification Objective 2.01 User Interface 48 User and Privileged Modes 48 The Command-Line Interface 50 Certification Objective 2.02 Router Basics 55 Router Elements 55 Router Modes 56 Examine the Router Status 58 Cisco Discovery Protocol 61 Remote Access to a Router 62 Basic Testing 63 Debug 65 Routing Basics 66 Certification Objective 2.03 Initial Configuration 70 Virtual Configuration Register Settings 74 Startup Sequence Boot System Commands 76 Configuring to/from a TFTP Server 77 Certification Objective 2.04 Autolnstalling Configuration Data 80 Certification Summary 81 Two-Minute Drill 82 Seif Test 85

4 Contents XMI 3 IPAddressing 91 Certification Objective 3.01 Classes of IP Addresses 93 Structure of an IP Address 93 Special Cases: Loopback, Broadcast, and Network Addresses 95 Identifying Address Classes 96 Importance of the Subnet Mask 98 Converting between Binary and Decimal 99 Certification Objective 3.02 Subnetting and Subnet Masks 104 Purpose of Subnetting 104 Adding Bits to the Default Subnet Mask 105 Certification Objective 3.03 Subnet Planning 107 Choosing a Subnet Mask 107 Impact on the Number of Hosts 107 Determining Address Ranges for Each Subnet 108 Certification Objective 3.04 Complex Subnetting 110 Crossing Octet Boundaries with Subnet Bits 110 Variable-Length Subnet Masking 111 Supernetting 112 Certification Objective 3.05 Configuring IP Addresses with Cisco IOS 114 Setting IP Addresses and Parameters 114 Host Name to Address Mappings 116 Using Ping 117 UsingIPTRACEandTelnet 118 Certification Summary 119 Two-Minute Drill 120 Seif Test TCP/IP Protocol Suite 133 Certification Objective 4.01 Application Layer Services 135

5 XJV CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide Certification Objective 4.02 Presentation and Session Layer Services 136 Remote Procedure Calls 136 Sockets 136 Transport Layer Interface 137 NetBIOS 137 Certification Objective 4.03 Detailed Protocol Structure 138 Transport Layer 138 TCP 140 UDP 143 Certification Objective 4.04 Network Layer 145 Internet Protocol (IP) 146 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 147 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) 148 Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (InARP) 148 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 149 Certification Objective 4.05 Operating System Commands 150 UNIX bit Windows 153 Certification Summary 154 Two-Minute Drill 155 Seif Test IP Routing Protocols 165 Certification Objective 5.01 Why Routing Protocols? 166 Theory 171 Certification Objective 5.02 Static Routes and Dynamic Routes 175 Certification Objective 5.03 Default Routes 181

6 Contents XV Certification Objective 5.04 Link State vs. Distance Vector 183 Distance Vector Routing Protocols 183 Link-State Routing Protocols 189 Interior vs. Exterior Gateway Protocols 191 Certification Objective 5.05 RIP 193 Certification Objective 5.06 IGRP 197 EIGRP 200 Certification Objective 5.07 OSPF 202 Certification Summary 204 Two-Minute Drill 206 Seif Test IP Configuration 217 Certification Objective 6.01 IP Configuration Commands 218 Certification Objective 6.02 Configuring Stade Routes 219 Certification Objective 6.03 Configuring Default Routes 223 Certification Objective 6.04 Configuring RIP Routing 223 Certification Objective 6.05 Configuring IGRP Routing 224 Certification Objective 6.06 IP Host Tables 228 Certification Objective 6.07 DNS and DHCP Configuration 228 DNS Configuration 229 Forwarding DHCP Requests 230 Certification Objective 6.08 Secondary Addressing 232 Certification Summary 234 Two-Minute Drill 235 Seif Test 237

7 XVI CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide 7 Configuring Novell IPX 243 Certification Objective 7.01 IPX Protocol Stack 244 Certification Objective 7.02 IPX Datagram 245 IPXAddressing 246 IPX Routing 247 Certification Objective 7.03 IPX Encapsulation Types 249 EthernetJI 250 Ethernet_ Ethernet_ Ethernet_SNAP 252, Routing with Multiple Frame Types 253 Certification Objective 7.04 SAP and RIP 257 SAP 257 RIP 260 SAP and RIP Operation Example 262 Certification Objective 7.05 IPX Configuration 264 Preparation 264 Enabling IPX and Configuring the Interfaces 264 Routing Protocols 270 Certification Summary 271 Two-Minute Drill 272 SelfTest AppleTalk Configuration 279 Certification Objective 8.01 AppleTalk Protocol Stack 281 Physical and Data Link Layers 281 Network Layer 282 Upper-Layer Protocols 283 Certification Objective 8.02 AppleTalk Services 285

8 Contents XVI i Certification Objective 8.03 AppleTalk Addressing 286 Address Structure 288 Address Assignment 289 Certification Objective 8.04 AppleTalk Zones 291 Certification Objective 8.05 AppleTalk Routing 293 Certification Objective 8.06 AppleTalk Discovery Mode 295 Certification Objective 8.07 AppleTalk Configuration 296 Required AppleTalk Commands 296 AppleTalk Filtering 298 Verifying and Monitoring AppleTalk Configurations 302 Certification Summary 305 Two-Minute Drill 306 Seif Test Basic Traffic Management with Access Lists Certification Objective 9.01 Standard IP Access Lists 317 Certification Objective 9.02 Extended IP Access Lists 325 Certification Objective 9.03 Named Access Lists 328 Verifying IP Access Lists 328 Certification Objective 9.04 Standard IPX Access Lists 331 Certification Objective 9.05 IPX SAP Filters 334 Verifying IPX Access List Configuration 339 Certification Objective 9.06 AppleTalk Access Lists 340 Certification Summary 345 Two-Minute Drill 346 Seif Test 348

9 XVÜi CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide 10 Wide Area Networking 353 Certification Objective Configuring ISDN 354 Configuring ISDN BRI 355 Configuring ISDN PRI 357 Certification Objective Configuring X Certification Objective Configuring Frame Relay 361 Virtual Circuits 363 Error Correction 364 Logical Interfaces 364 Configuring Frame Relay on a Cisco Router 365 Certification Objective Configuring ATM 368 Certification Objective Configuring PPP and Multilink PPP 372 PPP Configurations 373 Configuring Multilink PPP 377 Certification Summary 379 Two-Minute Drill 380 Seif Test Virtual Local Area Networking (VLAN) 389 Certification Objective Switching and VLANs 391 Certification Objective Spanning-Tree Protocol and VLANs 397 Certification Objective Default VLAN Configuration 400 Certification Objective Configuring a VLAN Across a Domain 402 Certification Objective Grouping Switch Ports to VLANs 406 Configure ISL Trunking 415 IEEE 802. IQ Trunking 415

10 Contents xix Troubleshooting VLANs 417 Certification Summary 421 Two-Minute Drill 424 Seif Test 427 A Seif Test Answers 433 Chapter 1 Answers. 434 Chapter 2 Answers 442 Chapter 3 Answers 450 Chapter 4 Answers 465 Chapter 5 Answers 473 Chapter 6 Answers 482 Chapter 7 Answers 488 Chapter 8 Answers 495 Chapter 9 Answers 504 Chapter 10 Answers 509 Chapter 11 Answers 517 B About the CD 525 CD-ROM Instructions 526 Electronic Book 526 Interactive Self-Study Module 526 C About the Web Site 527 Access Global Knowledge Network 528 What You'll Find There 528 Glossary 529 Index 567