Higher Software Development - Section 1a

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1 Higher Software Development - Section 1a _ 1. List the stages involved in the development of a program in the correct order? (7) 2. In the software development process, what happens at the analysis stage? (2) 3. When software is being produced for a company who is involved at the analysis stage? (2) 4. Explain why the job of the systems analyst at the analysis phase in an iterative process (2) 5. What is a software specification and why is it so important? (2) 6. Identify the Personnel from the Job Descriptions (5) Description Personnel They devise a project time schedule and make sure that all the deadlines for completion are met. The liaise with all staff to make sure everyone is clear about what they are doing and that progress is being met. Carries out un-biased comprehensive testing of the finished software. Creates the actual software code and may also have played a part in its design Commissions the software and specifies what they require the software to do Meets with the clients and discusses and documents their requirements. After a number of correspondences they will produce a detailed software specification that both parties are fully in agreement with.

2 Higher Software Development - Section 1b 1. Stepwise Refinement is one approach used in the design of software. Describe this process. (2) 2. What features should be considered at the design stage of the software development process? (2) 3. Name two methods of representing a program design and outline the main differences between them. (4) 4. Explain the following terms: Fitness for purpose User interface Readability (3) 5. Match the stage with the description of documentation given in the table (7) Design Evaluation Software Release Implementation Testing Maintenance Analysis Description of Documentation Stage Sets of test data, sample output listings Version update history Software specification Structured program listing with internal commentary Technical guide and the User guide Pseudocode or structure diagrams, HCI screen designs Comments on fitness for purpose, HCI and areas for potential improvements for next version

3 Higher Software Development - Section 1c 1. Identify three types of documentation that should be written at the design stage (3) 2. A program has been written which will allow a teacher to enter a student s set (3) of marks for five tests out of 50. It will calculate the average of these tests. Construct test data which will thoroughly test this program. Explain you why you have chosen each set of values. (6) 3. Why is it unwise to leave testing until after the coding has been completed? (3) 4. What is the purpose of the User Guide (2) 5. What is the purpose of the Technical Guide (2)

4 Higher Software Development - Section 1d For each of the following descriptions of software maintenance required, choose Corrective Adaptive or Perfective Description Software companies whose products were originally written for Windows XP had to carry out maintenance so that their software would run smoothly on Windows Vista. Recently Apple added some very polished and professional looking themed templates to its DVD software and overhauled its user interface. Due to popular demand, many video editing applications now provide added facilities to export productions directly to Youtube as well as burn to BluRay DVD. A 3D action game is not displaying its graphics properly on some models of graphic cards. The manufacturer of the software creates a free downloadable patch to fix this problem. When Adobe acquired Flash from Macromedia, they streamlined the user interface to have the same look and feel as other Adobe products like Photoshop and Illustrator as well as being able to import their files with layers intact. They also improved the functionality of the flash video importer. When Apple switched to Intel processors, software manufacturers had to carry out maintenance so that their software would run on the Intel chips. When Norton s Anti-Virus 2006 software was installed on a machine which already had another anti-virus product it would cause the system to freeze and crash. Norton had to resolve this issue promptly.

5 Higher Software Development - Section 2a 1. Machine code is an example of a low level language. State two difficulties in writing programs in machine code. (2) 2. What is a declarative language and how does it differ from a procedural language. (3) 3. What would a text editor be used for? (1) 4. Describe how applications are created using event driven languages. (3) 5. Outline the difference in the way compilers and interpreters translate high level program code into machine code. (2) 6. Here is a piece of code written using Visual basic. Compare the number of times the Print statement is translated by a compiler and an interpreter. (2) For times = 1 to 500 Print Welcome Next times 7. What is a macro and how can a macro be created? (2)

6 Higher Software Development - Section 2b 1. Select True or False for each of the following statements - Text editors are also known as development environments True False Notepad is an example of text editor True False Internet Explorer is an example of a text editor True False Cut, copy and paste are features that are only available in some text editors True False Text editors are common features of all development environments True False 2. Match the language type from the word list below with the description given. Scripting Event Driven Declarative Procedural Such languages are often associated with Artificial Intelligence. Programs Define knowledge bases consisting of facts and rules. Results are Obtained by submitting queries to the knowledge base A means of coding short routines within an application package to customise its use. This allows complex and laborious tasks to be automated by initiating a user-defined routine The most traditional form of programming where solutions are defined using lines of code in a set sequence with clear start and finish points. while the code can be modularised, there is still a set sequence of execution using a top down approach A programming environment that makes it easy to build software applications with graphical user interface. The programmer draws the interface elements an code is attached to these. The code is initiated by a user event like clicking on a button or selecting from a menu.

7 Higher Software Development - Section 3a 1. State suitable variable types for the following, the first one is done for you - (5) Name - string Age - Height - Car reg - 50 Names postcodes - 2. Clearly describe a fixed loop 3. Clearly describe a conditional loop (2) 4. What is a nested loop? 5. What is a pre-defined function? 6. Give an example of a pre-defined function? (2) 7. A teacher is marking a set of exams. If a pupil s results are greater than 75% they will be awarded a Grade A. Create the simple condition missing from the conditional statement below. If then display Grade A (2) (2) (1) (2) 8. Discount is only given if you go to the cinema on Monday or Wednesday, if you go any other day, there is no discount. Create the complex condition missing from the conditional statement below. (3) If then Else End IF Discount given No discount given

8 Software Development - Section 3b 1. For each of the following descriptions, choose Global or Local (6) A variable which needs to be available to every program module These types of variables should be kept to a minimum These variables are not recognised outwith the module in which they are used. The value of these variables can be changed from anywhere in the program These variables are critical in bit software projects where several programmers contribute different modules Variables of the same name in different modules won t corrupt each other 2. Explain the difference between a global and local variable. (2) 3. Why is it preferable to use local variables than global variables? (2) 4. Explain how in and in/out parameter relate to By value and By reference parameters (2)

9 Higher Software Development - Section 4a Name: Identify which algorithm describes, a Linear Search, Finding Maximum, Finding Minimum, Input Validation and Counting Occurences. 1. Get value While value < given min or value > given max Do Display error message Ask user to re-enter Get value End while 2. Set minimum to largest possible value Loop for each item Get data item If data item < minimum then Set minimum to data item End if End loop Display minimum value 3. Set counter = 0 Loop for each item Get data item If data item = value being counted then Add 1 to counter End if End loop 4. Set maximum to smallest possible value Loop for each item Get data item If data item > maximum then Set maximum to data item End if End loop Display maximum value 5. Get item to be found Set found = false Loop for each item in list If data item = item to be found then Display position in list Set found = true End if End loop If found = false then display Item not found

10 Higher Software Development - Section 4b For each of the following programming situations, identify which algorithm would be used. Choose from - Input validation - IV Finding minimum - FMIN Finding maximum - FMAX Counting occurrences - CO Linear search - LS Identifying the highest recorded temperature in a list of temperatures for the days of a month Identifying the finishing position of a competitor in the Tour de Caledonia cycle event from the list of finishers Getting the user to enter their lottery numbers Recording the number of silver cars from a list of employee car details Finding the youngest listed player of all the teams in a football World Cup Final Finding the percentage of pupils passing an exam from a list of their marks Identifying the best of 5 judge scores from 1 to 10 for an ice skating competitor Finding the number of months in the year that have exactly 30 days Getting judges to enter their scores from 1 to 10 for an ice skating competitor Identifying whether a certain pupil is on a schools daily absence list.

Chapter Twelve. Systems Design and Development

Chapter Twelve. Systems Design and Development Chapter Twelve Systems Design and Development After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the process of designing, programming, and debugging a computer program Explain why there are many