Jinn: Synthesizing Dynamic Bug Detectors for Foreign Language Interfaces
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1 Jinn: Synthesizing Dynamic Bug Detectors for Foreign Language Interfaces Byeongcheol Lee Ben Wiedermann Mar>n Hirzel Robert Grimm Kathryn S. McKinley B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 1
2 Mul>lingual programs are ubiquitous Python Java Python C/C++ C Standard libraries Java Python Ruby C/C++ Multilingual bindings Java C/C++ Plug-in extensions B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 2
3 All mul>lingual programs use foreign func>on interfaces (FFIs) B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 3
4 FFIs have many dangerous pikalls. B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 4
5 FFIs are complex and hard to program FFI bugs are rampant 716 [Li & Tan 09] 86 [Kondoh & Onodera 08] 155 [Furr & Foster 06]. B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 5
6 Mul>lingual programmers need dynamic bug detectors Sta>c compile >me verifica>on is hard A rule of no more than 16 local references in JNI False alarms in sta>c bug finders Dynamic FFI checking is complementary No false alarms Bugs in a single program run B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 6
7 FFI specifica>ons are not friendly to dynamic checking 303 pages B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 7
8 FFI specifica>ons are not friendly to dynamic checking Constraint 1 Constraint 2 Constraint pages 1,500+ constraints on 229+ JNI function B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 8
9 FFI specifica>ons are not friendly to dynamic checking Constraint 1 Constraint 2 Constraint 3.. JNI Java C 303 pages 1,500+ constraints on 229+ JNI function Every language transition requires bookkeeping & checking 1,500+ constraints 9 Time-consuming and error-prone B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 9
10 Our insight: FFI constraints have hierarchy New Language difference Constraint 1 Constraint 2 Constraint 3.. Thread Type Resource 1,500+ constraints B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 10
11 Our insight: FFI constraints have hierarchy New Language difference Constraint 1 Constraint 2 Constraint 3.. Thread Type Resource 1,500+ constraints 11 state machines represent 1,500+ constraints B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 11
12 Our insight: state machines change states at language transi>ons New JNI Java C JNI JNI Java C Bookkeeping and checking at language boundary B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 12
13 Our insight: state machines change states at language transi>ons New Run S0 Java JNI S1 JNI C Error B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 13
14 Synthesizing dynamic bug detectors State machine description Synthesizer Java JNI JNI bug detector (Jinn) JNI C Jinn Our synthesis approach applies to other FFIs including Python/C B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 14
15 Outline I. Classifica>on of language seman>c mismatch in FFIs II. Synthesis of FFI bug detectors with state machines III. State machines A. An example JNI bug B. Mapping state machines to en>>es C. Mapping state transi>ons to language transi>ons IV. Jinn: a dynamic JNI bug detector A. Finds more bugs than sta>c checkers & other dynamic checkers B. Adds modest execu>on >me overhead C. Finds lots of real world bugs B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 15
16 The GNOME bug uses an invalid JNI reference Call:Java C void Bug_producer( JNIEnv *env, jobject lref){ global = lref; } B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley
17 The GNOME bug uses an invalid JNI reference Call:Java C Return:C Java void Bug_producer( JNIEnv *env, jobject lref){ global = lref; } B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley
18 The GNOME bug uses an invalid JNI reference JVM crashes Call:Java C Return:C Java Call: Java C Call: C Java void Bug_producer( JNIEnv *env, jobject lref){ global = lref; } void Bug_consumer( JNIEnv *env){ env->callj(global); B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley
19 Outline I. Classifica>on of language seman>c mismatch in FFIs II. Synthesis of FFI bug detectors with state machines III. State machines A. An example JNI bug B. Mapping state machines to en>>es C. Mapping state transi>ons to language transi>ons IV. Jinn: a dynamic JNI bug detector A. Finds more bugs than sta>c checkers & other dynamic checkers B. Adds modest execu>on >me overhead C. Finds lots of real world bugs B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 19
20 Map a state machine to an en>ty Before Acquire acquire Acquired Call:Java C void Bug_producer( JNIEnv *env, jobject lref){ global = lref; } B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 20
21 Map a state machine to an en>ty Before Acquire acquire Acquired release Released Call:Java C Return:C Java void Bug_producer( JNIEnv *env, jobject lref){ global = lref; } B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 21
22 Map a state machine to an en>ty Before Acquire acquire Acquired release Released use Error: Dangling Call:Java C Return:C Java Call: Java C Call: C Java void Bug_producer( JNIEnv *env, jobject lref){ global = lref; } void Bug_consumer( JNIEnv *env){ env->callj(global); B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 22
23 Outline I. Classifica>on of language seman>c mismatch in FFIs II. Synthesis of FFI bug detectors with state machines III. State machines A. An example JNI bug B. Mapping state machines to en>>es C. Mapping state transi>ons to language transi>ons IV. Jinn: a dynamic JNI bug detector A. Finds more bugs than sta>c checkers & other dynamic checkers B. Adds modest execu>on >me overhead C. Finds lots of real world bugs B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 23
24 Map state transi>ons to language transi>ons Before Acquire Acquired acquire State transi*on Language transi*on Examples Acquire Call:Java C Na>ve methods taking references Return:Java C GetObjectField release Release Return: C Java Any na>ve method Released use Error: Dangling Return: Java C DeleteLocalRef Use Call: C Java CallVoidMethod Return: C Java Na>ve methods returning reference B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 24
25 Outline I. Classifica>on of language seman>c mismatch in FFIs II. Synthesis of FFI bug detectors with state machines III. State machines A. An example JNI bug B. Mapping state machines to en>>es C. Mapping state transi>ons to language transi>ons IV. Jinn: a dynamic JNI bug detector A. Finds more bugs than sta>c checkers & other dynamic checkers B. Adds modest execu>on >me overhead C. Finds lots of real world bugs B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 25
26 Jinn covers more bugs than JVM internal checkers JNI PiKall JVM checking Jinn Hotspot J9 Error checking Warning Error Excep*on Invalid Arguments to JNI func>ons Running Crash Excep*on Confusing jclass with jobject Error Error Excep*on Confusing IDs with references Error Error Excep*on Viola>ng access control rules NPE NPE Excep*on Retaining virtual machine resources Crash Error Excep*on Excessive local reference crea>on Running Error Excep*on Using invalid local references Error Error Excep*on Using the JNIEnv across threads Error Crash Excep*on B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 26
27 Jinn adds modest >me overhead % antlr bloat chart eclipse fop hsqldb jython lunidex luserach pmd xalan compress jess raytrace db javac mpegaudio mtrt jack GeoMean B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 27
28 Jinn finds JNI bugs in real world applica>ons Programs bug reports Community response 1 Confirmed: bug To be reported 5 2 Fixed: r949842, r946181, r944525, r947006, r Fixed: r676 Confirmed: bug B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 28
29 Related work How about legacy JNI programs? Hirzel & Grimm 07 Tan et al. 06 Safe interface languages B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 29
30 Related work How about false alarms? Li & Tan 09 Hirzel & Grimm 07 Tan et al. 06 Safe interface languages Kondoh & Onodera 08 Furr & Foster 06 Static bug finders B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 30
31 Related work Hirzel & Grimm 07 Tan et al. 06 Safe interface languages Li & Tan 09 Kondoh & Onodera 08 Furr & Foster 06 Static bug finders How about low coverage? J9 Hotspot Dynamic checking in JVMs B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 31
32 Summary FFI has many programming constraints and bugs. Synthesis of dynamic FFI bug detectors Classifica>on system for characterizing language seman>c mismatches State machine transi>ons in terms of language transi>ons. Jinn: An effec>ve dynamic bug detector for JNI High coverage Modest overhead Finds bugs in real world JNI programs B. Lee, B. Wiedermann, M. Hirzel, R. Grimm, and K. S. McKinley 32
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