2.5.1: Reforms in Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) System at the Institutional Level

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1 D Y Patil Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ambi, Pune Address:Sr.No.124 & 126, A/p- Ambi, Tal-Maval, MIDC Road, TalegaonDabhade, Pune , Maharashtra, India Tel: , info@dyptc.edu.in URL: : Reforms in Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) System at the Institutional Level Sr.No. Description Page No. 01 Prerequisite Test Question Paper 2 02 Prerequisite Test Elaborated Answer 4 03 Prerequisite Test Assessment 6 04 Assignment No Assignment No Assignment No Assignment Assessment Term Test-I Question Paper Term Test-I Model Answer Term Test-I Assessment Term Test-II Question Paper Term Test-II Model Answer Mock Online Examination Details DCF for TW Assessment GFM Handbook 72 1

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45 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 05/04/ A. Explain client server architectural pattern. Take an example to describe multiple client single service architectural patterns. B. Enlist different types of architectural style and explain any one software architecture in detail. OR 2. A. What is architectural design of software system? State the importance of architectural design. B. What is service oriented architecture? What are important design principles for service oriented architecture? (CO4) (CO4) 5M 5M 5M 5M 3. A. Explain factory pattern. Describe its intent, motivation and implementation 5M with suitable example. (CO5) B. Explain the broker pattern for design of service oriented architecture 4M OR 4. A. What is singleton pattern? Explain one example scenario where you will 5M singleton pattern to get applied. (CO5) B. Explain characteristics, consequences and application of iterator &observer 4M pattern 5. A. Explain integration testing? What are the different types of integration testing? B. What is GUI (Graphical User Interface) testing? What are the different methods of GUI testing? OR 6. A. Difference between verification and validation? B. Explain integration testing? (CO6) (CO6) 6M 5M 6M 5M 45

46 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/ A.Explain client server architectural pattern. Take an example to describe multiple client single service architectural patterns. (CO4). A Client-Server Architecture consists of two types of components: clients and servers. A server component perpetually listens for requests from client components. When a request is received, the server processes the request, and then sends a response back to the client. Servers may be further classified as stateless or stateful. Clients of a stateful server may make composite requests that consist of multiple atomic requests. This enables a more conversational or transactional interactions between client and server. To accomplish this, a stateful server keeps a record of the requests from each current client. This record is called a session. In order to simultaneously process requests from multiple clients, a server often uses the Master-Slave Pattern. In this case the Master perpetually listens for client requests. When a request is received, the master creates a slave to processes the request, and then resumes listening. Meanwhile, the slave performs all subsequent communication with the client. 5M 46

47 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/

48 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 B. Enlist different types of architectural style and explain any one software architecture in detail(co4) Data-centered architecture The data store in the file or database is occupying at the center of the architecture. Store data is access continuously by the other components like an update, delete, add, modify from the data store. Data-centered architecture helps integrity. Pass data between clients using the blackboard mechanism. The processes are independently executed by the client components. Data-flow architecture This architecture is applied when the input data is converted into a series of manipulative components into output data. A pipe and filter pattern is a set of components called as filters. Filters are connected through pipes and transfer data from one component to the next component. The flow of data degenerates into a single line of transform then it is known as batch sequential. Call and return architectures: This architecture style allows to achieve a program structure which is easy to modify. 48

49 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 Layered architectures The different layers are defined in the architecture. It consists of outer and inner layer. The components of outer layer manage the user interface operations. Components execute the operating system interfacing at the inner layer. The inner layers are application layer, utility layer and the core layer. In many cases, It is possible that more than one pattern is suitable and the alternate architectural style can be designed and evaluated. 49 OR

50 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 A. What is architectural design of software system? State the importance of architectural design. (CO4). The architecture design process focuses on the decomposition of a system into different components and their interactions to satisfy functional and nonfunctional requirements. The key inputs to software architecture design are 5M 5M The requirements produced by the analysis tasks. The hardware architecture (the software architect in turn provides requirements to the system architect, who configures the hardware architecture). The result or output of the architecture design process is an architectural description. Blue print for system & project development team Earlier design decision Helps to achieve quality attributes (FURPS) Architecture is an artifacts for early analysis Identifies design risks B. What is service oriented architecture? What are important design principles for service oriented architecture? Service Oriented Architecture? (SOA) (CO4) In computing, the term service-oriented architecture expresses a perspective of software architecture that defines the use of loosely coupled software services to support the requirements of the business processes and software users. In an SOA environment, resources on a network are made available as independent services that can be accessed without knowledge of their underlying platform implementation. A service-oriented architecture is not tied to a specific technology. It may be implemented using a wide range of interoperability standards, including Web 50

51 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 Services. SOA can be implemented without these protocols, and might, for example, use a file system mechanism to communicate data conforming to a defined interface specification between processes conforming to the SOA concept. The key is independent services with defined interfaces that can be called to perform their tasks in a standard way, without the service having pre-knowledge of the calling application, and without the application having or needing knowledge of how the service actually performs its tasks. SOA can also be regarded as a style of information systems architecture that enables the creation of applications that are built by combining loosely coupled and interoperable services. These services inter-operate based on a formal definition (or contract) that is independent of the underlying platform and programming language. SOA-compliant systems can therefore be independent of development technologies and platforms (such as Java,.NET etc). In addition, applications running on either platform can consume services running on the other as Web services, which facilitates reuse. 2 A. Explain factory pattern. Describe its intent, motivation and implementation with suitable example. (CO5) 5M Factory Method Pattern: Motivation Also known as Virtual Constructor, the Factory Method is related to the idea on which libraries work: a library uses abstract classes for defining and maintaining relations between objects. One type of responsibility is creating such objects. The library knows when an object needs to be created, but not what kind of object it should create, this being specific to the application using the library. The Factory method works just the same way: it defines an interface for creating an object, but leaves the choice of its type to the subclasses, creation being deferred at run-time. A simple real life example of the Factory Method is the hotel. When staying in a hotel you first have to check in. The person working at the front desk will give you a key to your room after you've paid for the room you want and this way he can be looked at as a room factory. While staying at the hotel, you might need to make a phone call, so you call the front desk and the person there will connect you with the number you need, becoming a phone-call factory, because he controls the access to calls, Intent: Defines an interface for creating objects, but let subclasses to decide which 51

52 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 class to instantiate,refers to the newly created object through a common interface Implementation The pattern basically works as shown below, in the UML diagram: The participants classes in this pattern are: Product defines the interface for objects the factory method creates. ConcreteProduct implements the Product interface. Creator(also refered as Factory because it creates the Product objects) declares the method FactoryMethod, which returns a Product object. May call the generating method for creating Product objects ConcreteCreator overrides the generating method for creating ConcreteProduct objects B. Explain the broker pattern for design of service oriented architecture(co5) 4M At all times servers can register and deregister themselves with the broker. If a server fails, it will be automatically (after a timeout) unregistered by the broker. The client requests a specific service. It formats its request in a specific format and sends it to its broker. The broker then selects the most suitable server to process the request. When the link between the client and the server is set up, they may start 52

53 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 communicating directly, freeing the broker. Picture: Broker Architecture There may also be multiple brokers in an architecture. These will then need their own communication protocols. Problems: Once you set up the broker, it is easy to program the service calls. Take care to handle transactions and exceptions well, though. A service-oriented architecture (SOA) is essentially a collection of services that are able to communicate with each other :Each service is the endpoint of a connection, which can be used to access the service and interconnect different services, Communication among services can involve only simple invocations and data passing, or complex coordinated activities of two or more services In this sense, service-oriented architectures are nothing new Services offer public, invokable interfaces These interfaces are defined using interface description languages, Each interaction is independent of each other interaction, Many protocols are used and co-exist, Platform-independent OR A. What is singleton pattern? Explain one example scenario where you will 5M 53

54 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 singleton pattern to get applied. (CO5) Singleton pattern Singleton pattern is one of the simplest design patterns in Java. This type of design pattern comes under creational pattern as this pattern provides one of the best ways to create an object. This pattern involves a single class which is responsible to create an object while making sure that only single object gets created. This class provides a way to access its only object which can be accessed directly without need to instantiate the object of the class. Implementation: We're going to create a SingleObject class. SingleObject class have its constructor as private and have a static instance of itself. SingleObject class provides a static method to get its static instance to outside world. SingletonPatternDemo, our demo class will use SingleObject class to get a SingleObject object. B. Explain characteristics, consequences and application of iterator &observer pattern Iterator pattern is very commonly used design pattern in Java and.net programming 54 4M

55 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 environment. This pattern is used to get a way to access the elements of a collection object in sequential manner without any need to know its underlying representation. Iterator pattern falls under behavioral pattern category. Implementation We're going to create a Iterator interface which narrates navigation method and a Container interface which retruns the iterator. Concrete classes implementing the Container interface will be responsible to implement Iterator interface and use it IteratorPatternDemo, our demo class will use NamesRepository, a concrete class implementation to print a Names stored as a collection in NamesRepository. Observer pattern is used when there is one-to-many relationship between objects such as if one object is modified, its depenedent objects are to be notified automatically. Observer pattern falls under behavioral pattern category. Implementation Observer pattern uses three actor classes. Subject, Observer and Client. Subject is an object having methods to attach and detach observers to a client object. We have created an abstract class Observer and a concrete class Subject that is extending class Observer. ObserverPatternDemo, our demo class, will use Subject and concrete class object to show observer pattern in action. 55

56 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/ A. Explain integration testing? What are the different types of integration testing? (CO6) Integration Testing: level of software testing where individual units are combined and tested as a group. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose faults in the interaction between integrated units. Test drivers and test stubs are used to assist in Integration Testing. Upon completion of unit testing, the units or modules are to be integrated which gives raise to integration testing. The purpose of integration testing is to verify the functional, performance, and reliability between the modules that are integrated. Integration Strategies: 6M 5M Big-Bang Integration 56

57 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 Top Down Integration Bottom Up Integration Hybrid Integration Big Bang is an approach to Integration Testing where all or most of the units are combined together and tested at one go. This approach is taken when the testing team receives the entire software in a bundle. So what is the difference between Big Bang Integration Testing and System Testing? Well, the former tests only the interactions between the units while the latter tests the entire system. Top Down is an approach to Integration Testing where top-level units are tested first and lower level units are tested step by step after that. This approach is taken when top-down development approach is followed. Test Stubs are needed to simulate lower level units which may not be available during the initial phases. Bottom Up is an approach to Integration Testing where bottom level units are tested first and upper-level units step by step after that. This approach is taken when bottom-up development approach is followed. Test Drivers are needed to simulate higher level units which may not be available during the initial phases. Sandwich/Hybrid is an approach to Integration Testing which is a combination of Top Down and Bottom Up approaches. B. What is GUI (Graphical User Interface) testing? What are the different methods of GUI testing? (CO6) GUI is often designed for the naïve user who does not have the knowledge of commands but can interact through the mouse pointer and interacting with the web elements. In such scenario, the developer has to think from the perspective of the naive user and the tester makes sure that the look and feel of the screen are simple, interacting through GUI on a website is easy to understand, etc. Manual GUI Testing: Like any traditional manual testing approach, this 57

58 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 approach is very simple where the graphical screens are manually checked by the tester and compared with the prototype screens or the test cases as prepared against the business requirement documents. Record and Replay (Test Automation): We can automate the GUI testing with the help of tools such as QTP, Selenium, Sikuli, etc. depending on the programming skills of the tester. If the tester is not sound to write the computer program using different programming languages then he can use record and play approach which is provided by many test automation tools such as QTP, Selenium IDE etc. During record and play, the tool itself generate the code as a part of the test automation scripts. Otherwise, the tester can use APIs such as Selenium web driver, Sikuli, etc. and write the test scripts by his own in the different programming languages such as Java, Ruby, Groovy, PHP, Python, etc. Such test scripts can automate the test scenarios to test the graphical elements which are present on the screen under test. Model-based testing: A graphical description of the behavior of the system is known as a Model. A model helps us to determine the system behavior under test. We use the system requirements in order to generate the efficient test cases with the help of a Model. Given below is an overview of a modelbased testing. OR A. Difference between verification and validation? (CO6) 6M Verification 1. Verification is a static practice of verifying documents, design, code and program. 2. It does not involve executing the code. 3. It is human based checking of documents and files. 4. Verification uses methods like inspections, reviews, walkthroughs, and Desk-checking etc. Validation 1. Validation is a dynamic mechanism of validating and testing the actual product. 2. It always involves executing the code. 3. It is computer based execution of program. 4. Validation uses methods like black box (functional) testing, gray box testing, and white box (structural) testing 58

59 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 etc. 5. Verification is to check whether the software conforms to specifications. 6. It can catch errors that validation cannot catch. It is low level exercise. 7. Target is requirements specification, application and software architecture, high level, complete design, and database design etc. 8. Verification is done by QA team to ensure that the software is as per the specifications in the SRS document. 9. It generally comes first-done before validation. 5. Validation is to check whether software meets the customer expectations and requirements. 6. It can catch errors that verification cannot catch. It is High Level Exercise. 7. Target is actual product-a unit, a module, a bent of integrated modules, and effective final product. 8. Validation is carried out with the involvement of testing team. 9. It generally follows after verification. B. Explain integration testing? (CO6) 5M INTEGRATION TESTING is a level of software testing where individual units are combined and tested as a group. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose faults in the interaction between integrated units. Test drivers and test stubs are used to assist in Integration Testing. 59

60 D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ambi Department of Computer Engineering Term Test II (Model Answer) Subject: Software Methodology & Design Academic Year Class: TE Sem: 6 th sem Time: 1hr Marks: 30 Date: 03/04/2018 Integration testing: Testing performed to expose defects in the interfaces and in the interactions between integrated components or systems. See also component integration testing, system integration testing. Component integration testing: Testing performed to expose defects in the interfaces and interaction between integrated components. System integration testing: Testing the integration of systems and packages; testing interfaces to external organizations (e.g. Electronic Data Interchange, Internet). 60

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