A General Discussion on! Parallelism!
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1 Lecture 2! A General Discussion on! Parallelism! John Cavazos! Dept of Computer & Information Sciences! University of Delaware!
2 Lecture 2: Overview Flynn s Taxonomy of Architectures Types of Parallelism Parallel Programming Models Commercial Multicore Architectures
3 Flynn s Taxonomy of Arch. SISD - Single Instruction/Single Data SIMD - Single Instruction/Multiple Data MISD - Multiple Instruction/Single Data MIMD - Multiple Instruction/Multiple Data
4 Single Instruction/Single Data The was the typical machine before multicores. Slide Source: Wikipedia, Flynn s Taxonomy
5 Single Instruction/Multiple Data Processors that execute same instruction on multiple pieces of data (e.g., vector instructions). Slide Source: Wikipedia, Flynn s Taxonomy
6 Single Instruction/Multiple Data Each core executes same instruction simultaneously Vector-style of programming Natural for graphics and scientific computing Good choice for massively multicore
7 SISD versus SIMD SIMD very often requires compiler intervention. Slide Source: ars technica, Peakstream article
8 Multiple Instruction/Single Data Only Theoretical Machine. None ever implemented. Slide Source: Wikipedia, Flynn s Taxonomy
9 Multiple Instruction/Multiple Data Many mainstream multicores fall into this category. Slide Source: Wikipedia, Flynn s Taxonomy
10 Multiple Instruction/Multiple Data Each core simultaneously executing different instructions on different data private upper levels of memory hierarchy may share lower level of cache and RAM SIMD-extensions Programmed using a variety of methods OpenMP, MPI, pthreads, TBB, AMP,
11 Lecture 2: Overview Flynn s Taxonomy of Architecture Types of Parallelism Parallel Programming Models Commercial Multicore Architectures
12 Types of Parallelism Instructions: Slide Source: S. Amarasinghe, MIT 6189 IAP 2007
13 Pipelining Corresponds to SISD architecture. Slide Source: S. Amarasinghe, MIT 6189 IAP 2007
14 Instruction-Level Parallelism Dual instruction issue superscalar model. Again, corresponds to SISD architecture. Slide Source: S. Amarasinghe, MIT 6189 IAP 2007
15 Data-Level Parallelism What architecture model from Flynn s Taxonomy does this correspond to? Data Stream or Array Elements Slide Source: Arch. of a Real-time Ray-Tracer, Intel
16 Data-Level Parallelism Corresponds to SIMD architecture. Data Stream or Array Elements Slide Source: Arch. of a Real-time Ray-Tracer, Intel
17 Data-Level Parallelism One operation (e.g., +) produces multiple results. X, Y, and result are arrays. Slide Source: Klimovitski & Macri, Intel
18 Thread-Level Parallelism What architecture from Flynn s Taxonomy does this correspond to? Program partitioned into four threads. Four threads each executed on separate cores. P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5 P 6 Multicore with 6 cores. Slide Source: SciDAC Review, Threadstorm pic.
19 Thread-Level Parallelism Corresponds to MIMD architecture. Program partitioned into four threads. Four threads each executed on separate cores. P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5 P 6 Multicore with 6 cores. Slide Source: SciDAC Review, Threadstorm pic.
20 Lecture 2: Overview Flynn s Taxonomy of Architecture Types of Parallelism Parallel Programming Models Commercial Multicore Architectures
21 Multicore Programming Models Message Passing Interface (MPI) OpenMP Threads Pthreads Java Threads Parallel Libraries Intel s Thread Building Blocks (TBB) Microsoft s Task Parallel Library SWARM (GTech) Charm++ (UIUC) STAPL (Texas A&M)
22 GPU Programming Models CUDA (Nvidia) C/C++ extensions OpenCL (many vendors, including Nvidia and AMD) Pragma-based language extensions HMPP OpenACC Cray and PGI directives
23 Lecture 2: Overview Flynn s Taxonomy of Architecture Types of Parallelism Parallel Programming Models Commercial Multicore Architectures
24 Generalized Multicore Slide Source: Michael McCool, Rapid Mind, SuperComputing, 2007
25 Cell B.E. Architecture Slide Source: Michael McCool, Rapid Mind, SuperComputing, 2007
26 NVIDIA GPU Architecture G80 Slide Source: Michael McCool, Rapid Mind, SuperComputing, 2007
27 Commercial Multcores Slide Source: Dave Patterson, Manycore and Multicore Computing Workshop, 2007
28 Intel Teraflops Video
29 Next Time More Parallel Programming Models GPUs Architecture and Programming Models Read Chapters 1 of OpenCL book
A General Discussion on! Parallelism!
Lecture 2! A General Discussion on! Parallelism! John Cavazos! Dept of Computer & Information Sciences! University of Delaware!! www.cis.udel.edu/~cavazos/cisc879! Lecture 2: Overview Flynn s Taxonomy
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