Installing MySQL Database On Linux

Transcription

1 Installing MySQL Database On Linux MySQL is a really popular, Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS), from the open source domain. It is used extensively by communities that wish to establish a dynamic web presence. MySQL was created by a company owned by two Swedes, David Axmark and Allan Larsson and a Finn named Michael Monty Widenius who worked together since the 1980's in Sweden. They pride themselves in being a truly, second generation, open source company. With MySQL they have a dual licensing policy that helps support open source values while being a profitable, sustainable business. All software that wishes to participate in the Open Source game plan must abide by the GNU Public License (GPL). The GPL dictates that all software, (in this case MySQL) can be used at no cost and that its source code is also made available under GPL. This also means that if MySQL code is required for the application to function or if MySQL is distributed along with the software application, the application's source code must be also made available at no cost. Some of the world's largest organizations Sabre Holdings, Cox Communications, The Associated Press, NASA and Suzuki have obtained significant cost savings by using MySQL to power their Web sites and business critical enterprise applications and packaged software. Because many commercial organizations use this product, MySQL chose to privately license the software. This permits the commercial application using MySQL as their Db engine of choice, to keep their application source code private. Private licenses can be acquired on a per database server basis, starting at $200 for a single unit (or less, if there are a huge number of users). MySQL works in perfect harmony with PHP, Perl, Python and Pascal and a host of other languages. If any ANSI SQL / DBMS technical skills exist in the organization of adoption, these can be leveraged on when using MySQL, to ensure that MySQL does whatever is required of it.

2 MySQL's outstanding benefits are: Page 2! Sharply reduced database licensing costs! A cut in system downtime! Lower hardware expenditure! A Reduction in administration, engineering and support costs! Effortlessly handles large databases i.e. more than 50,000,000 records! With MySQL there are no memory leakages MySQL helps reduce / eliminate major problems associated with downtime, maintenance, administration and support. It offers superior speed, reliability and ease of use. This has made MySQL become the preferred choice of corporate IT Managers. Installation Process The simplest way to install MySQL on a Linux box is to use its RPMs. When creating this material, MySQL version was the production release on the mysql.com web site. Determine The Current MySQL Version First establish what version of MySQL is loaded on the Linux box. Open a terminal window and at the system prompt key the following. The output displayed in its response, will indicate the version of the MySQL Db server currently installed: <System Prompt> mysqladmin version When the default MySQL package (bundled along the installation CD-ROM) for Fedora Core 3 is installed, MySQL version is setup on the Linux machine. INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

3 Page 3 The command issued will display the following on the VDU screen: mysqladmin Ver 8.40 Distrib , for pc-linux on i686 Copyright (C) 2000 MySQL AB & MySQL Finland AB & TCX DataKonsult AB This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license Server version Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 36 min 28 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 7 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 6 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 0 Queries per second avg: And the system prompt reappears. This information can be obtained by executing the MySQL's SELECT VERSION() command: mysql> SELECT VERSION(); This command must be issued only at the MySQL prompt as shown above. Output: VERSION() row in set (0.00 sec) Once the version of the MySQL installed is known and if this is an older version than the RPMs downloaded, its time to upgrade (or reinstall) the MySQL database engine.

4 Page 4 Usually all Linux flavors come bundled with some older version of the MySQL Database rpms. Prior installing a newer version of MySQL the older version needs to be uninstalled, to prevent any clashes between newer versions of the MySQL RPMs being installed and the older MySQL files already installed (when the O/s of choice was installed). This can be done via Add/Remove Applications or Via Linux Command Line. Using The Add/Remove Applications Tool The simplest way to uninstall an old version of MySQL would be to go to the Add/Remove Application Utility in currently installed flavor of Linux. Using this utility, completely uninstall the old version of MySQL server and its client tools if any. To start the Add/Remove Applications from Linux click Start Menu # System Settings # Add or Remove Applications as shown in diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.1: Opening Add or Remove Applications Linux will check for the currently installed packages as shown in diagram 1.2 INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

5 Page 5 Diagram 1.2: The System Check Dialog Box The Add or Remove Packages window pops up. Scroll down till the MySQL database entry is reached ss shown in diagram 1.3 and diagram 1.4 Diagram 1.3: Add or Remove Packages Dialog Box Uncheck the checkbox against MySQL Database as shown in the diagram 1.5. Then click

6 Page 6 Diagram 1.4: Location of MySQL Database. Diagram 1.5: Uncheck the MySQL Database checkbox. This will now uninstall the old version of MySQL from the Linux box. Once done click Quit. After using the Add/Remove Application Utility to un-install the older version of MySQL, re-check the Linux machine for the presence of the older version. If for any reason, the Add/Remove Application Utility is unable to un-install the older version of MySQL, the only alternative is to use a Command line based, manual system to uninstall the old version of MySQL. Using Linux Command Line To Uninstall MySQL Open a Terminal Window and at the command prompt enter the following command: <System Prompt> rpm qa mysql This uses the rpm command itself to query the kernel and find out what version of the MySQL RPMs are loaded on the computer. This should print out a list of the MySQL RPMs installed on the VDU screen as shown in diagram On Fedora Core 3, the above command produces an output as shown in 1.6. INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

7 Page 7 Diagram 1.6: Querying For RPMs If nothing is visible on the VDU, then no MySQL RPMs have been installed on the Linux computer. Hence a fresh installation can be carried out immediately. If MySQL RPMs have been installed, Uninstall them manually as shown: <System Prompt> rpm -e mysql The rpm command is used with the -e switch to uninstall (i.e. erase) mysql. Since MySQL has a number of sub-modules, which in turn have dependencies, the un-installation process fails and the following messages may be displayed on the VDU as shown in diagram 1.7. Diagram 1.7: Erasing Pre-Installed MySQL

8 Page 8 This indicates that all the dependencies of MySQL have to be uninstalled first. In addition to this, the error message lists other packages bound to MySQL, which are installed on the Linux machine. Note down the dependencies of MySQL from this message (i.e. packages that begin with mysql-) have to be uninstalled. Then one at a time, use the following command to remove each package: <System Prompt> rpm -e <name of the RPM to be removed> In the case of MySQL installed under Fedora Core 3, uninstall the packages bound to MySQL as follows: (As shown in diagram 1.7) <System Prompt> rpm -e mysql-devel <System Prompt> rpm -e mysql-bench <System Prompt> rpm -e mysql-server <System Prompt> rpm -e --nodeps mysql In the case of MySQL (or above) installed under Fedora Core 3 uninstall the MySQL packages as follows: (As shown in diagram 1.8) <System Prompt> rpm -e MySQL-embedded <System Prompt> rpm -e MySQL-devel <System Prompt> rpm -e MySQL-bench <System Prompt> rpm -e MySQL-client <System Prompt> rpm -e MySQL-shared <System Prompt> rpm -e MySQL-Max <System Prompt> rpm -e --nodeps MySQL-server Diagram 1.8: Erasing Pre-Installed MySQL Ensure that each RPM name is spelled exactly as shown on the VDU screen. If while removing an rpm certain dependencies are encountered that are required even after MySQL has been un-installed, then uninstall that rpm using --nodeps switch. This will forcibly remove that RPM without bothering about the removal of any of its dependencies. INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

9 Page 9 One of the techniques, mentioned above, should ensure that MySQL (and/or its dependencies) have been unloaded from the Linux box. Now, a clean, fresh, install from the RPMs downloaded from the MySQL web site can then take place. Installing MySQL Using RPMs Login as root (or su to root). Create a subdirectory under the root directory ( / ) and copy the RPMs downloaded to this sub directory. example: /mysqlrpms (As shown in diagram 1.9) <System Prompt> cd / <System Prompt> mkdir mysqlrpms <System Prompt> cd mysqlrpms /mysqlrpms should have the following RPMs within it: (As shown in table 1.1) RPM Name MySQL-bench i386.rpm MySQL-client i386.rpm MySQL-devel i386.rpm MySQL-embedded i386.rpm MySQL-Max i386.rpm MySQL-server i386.rpm MySQL-shared i386.rpm MySQL-shared-compat i386.rpm Table 1.1 All the RPMs can be installed one after the other using rpm -ivh *.rpm at the system prompt or one RPM can be installed at a time. If there are installation errors, these can be noted down and take necessary action to correct these errors. To install RPMs individually: <System Prompt> rpm ivh <The name of the RPM to install> Occasionally, while installing MySQL-bench an error might popup indicating the need for the PERL-DBI module. This is available as the perl-dbi i386.rpm file in the second CD-ROM of Fedora Core 3. Install this RPM before installing MySQLbench.

10 Page 10 Diagram 1.9: Creating environment for Installation The hierarchy of the RPM install process must be as follows, if individual RPMs are installed: 1. MySQL-server i386.rpm 2. MySQL-client i386.rpm 3. MySQL-devel i386.rpm 4. MySQL-bench i386.rpm 5. MySQL-embedded i386.rpm 6. MySQL-Max i386.rpm 7. MySQL-shared i386.rpm 8. MySQL-shared-compat i386.rpm If only the MySQL database engine and the MySQL database interactive, character based, client are required then their RPMs need be installed. Note down any install errors, should they surface. Often the error message is descriptive enough to indicate what corrective action must be taken. INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

11 Page 11 When installing pre-packaged binaries on Linux, (i.e. RPMs) the standard MySQL server package must be installed and an optional Max package should be installed. The Max package is required if InnoDB or BDB data file types will be used in addition to the MyISAM data file type of MySQL DBMS. Using these files on Linux is desirable hence it is recommended that the Max (additional) package is installed along with the standard MySQL server package. What To Do If An Error Cannot Be Handled Easily Log into the MySQL web site and visit their MySQL install FAQs. Often this provides the solution. If that does not work, then log onto any of the MySQL forums on the Internet and post the following details:! The Operating System and its version number! The full name of the MySQL RPM causing the error! Details of the error message displayed And request a solution. The Directory Tree Created On The Hard Disk During Installation An installation of MySQL done via RPMs generally places MySQL files in the following sub directories during their install process: (Refer to table 1.2) Directory Name /usr/bin /usr/sbin /var/lib/mysql /usr/share/doc/packages /usr/include /usr/lib /usr/share/mysql /usr/share/sql-bench Contents Of The Directory All client programs and mysql_install_db mysqld server daemon Log files, databases Documentation Include (header) files Libraries Error message and character set files Benchmarks Table 1.2

12 Page 12 MySQL Database - Engine Install Process The MySQL-server i386.rpm holds the MySQL server. Given below, is a description of an RPM-based installation of the MySQL Database Engine. Open a Linux terminal window (i.e. Console Terminal). Navigate from the current directory to the sub directory where the MySQL.rpm files exist (i.e. /mysqlrpms). Then execute the command shown below: (As shown in diagram 1.10) <System Prompt> rpm -ivh MySQL-server i386.rpm Diagram 1.10: Installing MySQL Server The -i switch of rpm starts the extraction and installation of the MySQL server. The result of this process is displayed in the VDU, as shown in diagram Once complete the terminal window will redisplay system prompt. INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

13 Page 13 The warning, MySQL-server i386. rpm : V3 DSA signature : NOKEY, key ID 5072e1f5 can be safely ignored. This is because the RPM was not verified prior its install. Instructions on how to verify the RPMs prior their install is provided on the MySQL web site. MySQL Database - Interactive Character Based - Client Install The MySQL-client i386.rpm contains the interactive, character based, MySQL client. This tool permits connecting to a MySQL Db server and communicating with it interactively using a character based, user interface. In the same Linux terminal window used previously, execute the following command: (As shown in diagram 1.11) <System Prompt> rpm -ivh MySQL-client i386.rpm Diagram 1.11: Installing MySQL Client This command will extract and install the MySQL client. This process is displayed in the VDU as shown in diagram Once complete, the terminal window once again displays the system prompt. Once both the database engine and its interactive client have installed successfully, the MySQL DataBase Management System (DBMS) is ready to run on the Linux box.

14 Page 14 To verify that all is well with the installation of the MySQL Db and its client:! Open a terminal window (other than the one used for installation) and execute the command: <System Prompt> mysqladmin version! This displays information related to the currently installed version of MySQL as follows: mysqladmin Ver 8.41 Distrib , for pc-linux-gnu on i686 Copyright (C) 2000 MySQL AB & MySQL Finland AB & TCX DataKonsult AB This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license Server version standard Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 1 min 43 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 2 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 0 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 6 Queries per second avg: 0.019! The terminal window redisplays the system prompt! The current MySQL Server Version (i.e standard) is visible! An alternate method of checking the MySQL version is to start the MySQL client tool: <System Prompt> mysql! The mysql command invokes the MySQL client and the following is displayed in the terminal window: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 to server version: standard Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. mysql> INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

15 Page 15! The system prompt in the terminal window changes to mysql. At the mysql prompt execute the following command to see the version for MySQL database: mysql> SELECT VERSION();! The output is as follows: VERSION() standard row in set (0.17 sec)! To exit back to the (Linux) system prompt do the following: mysql> EXIT! Its output is: Bye! The terminal window once again displays the system prompt! Install the remaining MySQL RPMs, in the hierarchy explained earlier The version seen above is standard (i.e. Standard and not Max). This will change to Max when the MySQL-Max i386.rpm is installed. MySQL Database - Devel Install The MySQL-devel i386.rpm holds the libraries and include files that are required if working with other MySQL clients, (such as various PERL modules) is desired. To install the MySQL-devel package run the following command: (As shown in diagram 1.12) <System Prompt> rpm -ivh MySQL-devel i386.rpm

16 Page 16 Diagram 1.12: Installing MySQL-devel This extracts and installs the MySQL-devel package. This process will be displayed in the VDU as shown in diagram MySQL Database - Bench Install The MySQL-bench i386.rpm holds the Tests and Benchmarks package. This rpm requires the PERL and the DBD::mysql modules to be pre-installed for an error free install. To install the MySQL-bench package: <System Prompt> rpm -ivh MySQL-bench i386.rpm Diagram 1.13: Installing MySQL-bench This extracts and installs the MySQL-bench package. The output of the install process is shown in diagram MySQL Database - Embedded Install The MySQL-embedded i386.rpm holds the embedded MySQL server library. INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

17 Page 17 To install the MySQL-embedded package: (As shown in diagram 1.14) <System Prompt> rpm -ivh MySQL-embedded i386.rpm Diagram 1.14: Installing MySQL-Embedded This extracts and installs the MySQL-embedded package. The output of this process is displayed on the VDU as shown in diagram MySQL Database - Max Install This rpm holds the MySQL-Max server. This package brings the capabilities of transactional control that is not available natively in the MySQL Db engine. The MySQL-server RPM must be installed prior installing the MySQL-Max RPM. To install MySQL-Max: <System Prompt> rpm -ivh MySQL-Max i386.rpm Diagram 1.15: Installing MySQL-Max This extracts and installs MySQL-Max. The processing is displayed on the VDU as shown in diagram 1.15.

18 Page 18 MySQL Database - Shared Install This rpm holds the shared libraries such as libmysqlclient.so* that certain languages and applications need to dynamically load and use MySQL. To install MySQL-shared do the following: <System Prompt> rpm -ivh MySQL-shared i386.rpm Diagram 1.16: Installing MySQL-Shared This extracts and installs the MySQL-Shared package. The installation process will be displayed in the VDU as shown in diagram 1.16 MySQL Database - Shared-Compat Install This rpm holds the shared libraries for backward compatibility that certain languages and older applications need to dynamically load and use MySQL. To install MySQL-shared-compat do the following: <System Prompt> rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-compat i386.rpm Diagram 1.17: Installing MySQL-Shared Compat This extracts and installs the MySQL-shared-compat package. The installation process is displayed in the VDU as shown in diagram 1.17 INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

19 Page 19 To test / verify the complete installation of the MySQL Db engine with MySQL-Max do the following:! In a terminal window (other than the one used for installation) execute the following command: <System Prompt> mysqladmin version! The following result will be displayed within the command window: Diagram 1.18: Verifying Current MySQL Version.! Another way of testing / verifying the complete installation of the MySQL Db engine with MySQL-Max is to start the MySQL client tool: <System Prompt> mysql! The following is displayed within the terminal window as shown in diagram 1.19 Diagram 1.19: Starting MySQL.! At the mysql prompt execute the following command to see the version for MySQL database: mysql> SELECT VERSION();

20 ! The output of the command is: Page 20 Diagram 1.20: MySQL 5.0 Version! To verify the support for the various MySQL table data storage engines: OR mysql> SHOW ENGINES; mysql> SHOW TABLE TYPES;! The output is as shown in diagram 1.21: Diagram 1.21: MySQL Table Data Storage Types INSTALLING MySQL DATABASE ON LINUX

21 Page 21 The above diagram shows that MyISAM is the default storage engine when MySQL is loaded on a Linux box. This can be changed (explained later) by making appropriate changes in the my.cnf configuration file usually available under /etc/my.cnf on a Linux box.! To exit from the mysql prompt and return to the system prompt: mysql> EXIT! The output will be: Bye! The terminal window displays the system prompt. This completes the RPM-based installation for MySQL with MAX Instead of installing individual RPM all the RPM's can be installed at one go as follows: <System Prompt> rpm ivh *.rpm! The output for the above command is as shown in diagram 1.22: Diagram 1.22: Installing All RPMs In One Go